中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (15): 3271-3279.doi: 10.12307/2025.175

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨科机器人在临床应用中的分类及优缺点

孙成劼,张德强   

  1. 大连医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁省大连市   116000
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-27 接受日期:2024-04-30 出版日期:2025-05-28 发布日期:2024-11-06
  • 通讯作者: 张德强,博士,教授,大连医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁省大连市 116000
  • 作者简介:孙成劼,男,1999年生,辽宁省营口市人,汉族,2017年大连医科大学毕业,主要从事骨科学方面的研究。

Classification and advantages and disadvantages of orthopedic robots in clinical applications

Sun Chengjie, Zhang Deqiang   

  1. First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2024-02-27 Accepted:2024-04-30 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2024-11-06
  • Contact: Zhang Deqiang, MD, Professor, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Sun Chengjie, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:

文题释义

机器人辅助技术:是指使用机器人系统在医疗手术或治疗过程中为医生提供辅助的技术,可以提高手术的精准度,降低并发症的风险,同时减少患者的恢复时间。机器人辅助技术包括但不限于导航和定位系统,用于实时图像处理的算法,以及用于执行精细手术操作的机械臂。这种技术在外科和骨科手术中尤其有用,例如在微创手术、关节置换或脊柱手术等复杂手术中。随着技术的进步,机器人辅助技术正在向更高的精度、更强的适应性和更高程度的个性化手术发展。
微创技术:是一种医疗手术技术,它的主要特点是通过较小的切口进行手术,以减少对患者体内正常组织的损伤。相比传统的开放式手术,微创手术通常可以降低手术风险、缩短康复时间、减少疼痛和出血,并提高手术效果。微创技术可以应用于各种类型的手术,包括心脏手术、关节置换、脊柱手术等。在微创技术中,医生通常使用特殊的手术工具和设备,如腹腔镜、胸腔镜或机器人手术系统,通过图像引导技术来导航和执行手术。

摘要
背景:步入智能时代以来,人们对应用于医疗方面的人工智能技术的研究热情越发高涨。在骨科领域,机器人辅助技术是最具吸引力的人工智能技术之一。经过近40年的发展,机器人辅助技术逐渐成熟,可参与的骨科手术种类逐渐增多,且起到至关重要的作用。
目的:总结到目前为止骨科机器人在临床的应用情况,并分析其优缺点。
方法:通过对PubMed数据库和中国知网已收录的相关文献进行检索,英文检索词为“robot-assisted technology,surgical robots,orthopaedic robots,robotic arm,orthopaedic,orthopaedic surgery,joint,spine,trauma,bone tumor”,中文检索词为“机器人辅助技术,手术机器人,骨科机器人,机械臂,骨科,骨科手术,关节,脊柱,创伤,骨肿瘤”。按照入选标准进行筛选共得到82篇相关性高的文献。
结果与结论:目前机器人辅助技术在临床中的应用比较成熟,可用于大多数骨科手术中,有着不错的临床表现;骨科机器人主要优点包括缓解临床医生的工作压力、减少术中副损伤、缩短辐射暴露时间等,但同时也可能存在手术操作时间延长和术后并发症增加的情况。未来骨科机器人的发展将沿着高智能、低成本、更快捷等方向发展。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 机器人辅助技术, 机械臂, 骨科, 智能技术, 传统术式

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Since entering the intelligent age, there has been a growing enthusiasm for research on artificial intelligence technologies applied to healthcare. In the field of orthopedics, robot-assisted technology is one of the most attractive artificial intelligence technologies. After nearly 40 years of development, robot-assisted technology has gradually matured, and the types of orthopaedic surgeries in which it can be involved have gradually increased and played a crucial role. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of orthopedic robots in the clinic and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. 
METHODS: The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature. The search terms were “robot-assisted technology, surgical robots, orthopaedic robots, robotic arm, orthopaedic, orthopaedic surgery, joint, spine, trauma, bone tumor” in English and Chinese. A total of 82 articles with high relevance were screened according to the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Robot-assisted technology is now more mature in clinical practice and can be used in most orthopedic surgeries with good clinical performance. (2) The main advantages of orthopedic robots include relieving clinicians’ work pressure, reducing intraoperative side injuries, and shortening radiation exposure time. However, there may also be a prolongation of surgical operation time and an increase in postoperative complications. (3) The future development of orthopedic robots will be along the direction of high intelligence, low cost, and faster.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: robot-assisted technology, robotic arm, orthopedics, intelligent technology, traditional operation

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