中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 1348-1352.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2509

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

枢椎支点螺钉设计与其在寰枢椎脱位修复中的应用

葛  苏1,2,邹小宝2,马向阳1,2,王宾宾2,杨浩志2,张  双2,倪  菱1,2,陈育岳2,夏  虹2,吴增晖2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学,广东省广州市  5105042中国人民解放军南部战区总医院,广东省广州市  510010
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-03 修回日期:2019-07-04 接受日期:2019-08-23 出版日期:2020-03-28 发布日期:2020-02-12
  • 通讯作者: 马向阳,博士,主任医师,博士生导师,广州中医药大学,广东省广州市 510504;中国人民解放军南部战区总医院,广东省广州市 510010
  • 作者简介:葛苏,男,江西省于都县人,汉族,广州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技计划项目(201803010046)

Design and application of fulcrum screws for atlantoaxial dislocation

Ge Su1, 2, Zou Xiaobao2, Ma Xiangyang1, 2, Wang Binbin2, Yang Haozhi2, Zhang Shuang2, Ni Ling1, 2, Chen Yuyue2, Xia Hong2, Wu Zenghui2   

  1. 1Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong Province, China; 2General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-03 Revised:2019-07-04 Accepted:2019-08-23 Online:2020-03-28 Published:2020-02-12
  • Contact: Ma Xiangyang, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong Province, China; General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Ge Su, Master candidate, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong Province, China; General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, No. 201803010046

摘要:

文题释义:
寰枢椎脱位:是指先天畸形、创伤、退变、肿瘤、感染炎症和手术等因素造成的寰椎与枢椎(第一和第二颈椎)骨关节面失去正常的对合关系,发生关节功能障碍和(或)神经压迫的病理改变。
枢椎支点螺钉:利用杠杆原理将常规颈椎螺钉的钉槽底部加高,其产生的提拉复位能力较常规颈椎螺钉强,在寰枢椎脱位某些需行经口松解手术中,可应用枢椎支点螺钉的提拉复位能力直接行后路手术,从而避免行经口手术,降低感染、患者痛苦、术中改变体位等造成医源性损害的风险,可广泛应用于寰枢椎后路钉棒内固定。

背景:寰枢椎脱位常需要手术复位,后路钉棒固定融合是最常用的术式,但目前的钉棒固定系统常通过加大连接棒的弯曲度来增加复位效果,导致置棒操作困难,增加了脊髓损伤概率。

目的:评价枢椎支点螺钉应用于寰枢椎脱位治疗的初步效果。

方法:选择2017年1月至2018年12月中国人民解放军南部战区总医院收治的寰枢椎脱位患者11例,其中男4例,女7例,年龄8-51岁,均进行后路钉棒固定融合治疗:在寰椎双侧植入常规颈椎后路螺钉,枢椎双侧植入枢椎支点螺钉。记录手术前后的寰齿前间隙及颈椎JOA评分,术后定期随访复查X射线、CT检测以评价复位、内固定及植骨融合情况。试验方案经中国人民解放军南部战区总医院伦理委员会批准。

结果与结论:①11例患者均顺利完成手术,术中未发生椎动脉及脊髓神经损伤;②术后随访3-12个月,平均6个月,所有患者术后颈部疼痛及神经功能障碍的症状均不同程度改善;所有患者均获寰枢椎间骨性融合,平均融合时间为6个月;③术后1周X射线片及CT检查显示寰枢椎复位满意,内固定位置良好;④11例患者末次随访时的寰齿前间隙明显低于术前[(6.8±1.5),(2.4±0.9)mm,t=17.854,P=0.000],颈椎JOA评分明显高于术前[(14.1±1.3),(15.9±0.9)分,t=-10,P=0.000];⑤随访期间无松动及断裂等并发症发生,无复发脱位;⑥结果表明,在后路钉棒固定融合术中应用枢椎支点螺钉治疗寰枢椎脱位的复位效果良好,临床初步疗效满意。

ORCID: 0000-0002-5790-4030(葛苏)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 枢椎支点螺钉, 寰枢椎脱位, 钉棒, 固定融合, 提拉复位, 后路手术, 疗效, 翻修

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Atlantoaxial dislocation often needs surgery for reduction, and posterior screw-rod fixation fusion is the most commonly used surgery. However, the current screw-rod fixation system often increases the reduction effect by increasing the degree of curvature of connecting rod, causing great difficulty of placing rod, which increases the probability of spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preliminary results of fulcrum screws for atlantoaxial dislocation.

METHODS: From January 2017 to December 2018, 11 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation were selected from General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, including 4 males and 7 females, at the age of 8-51 years. All patients were treated with posterior screw-rod fixation fusion: Conventional posterior cervical screws were implanted on both sides of the atlas and pivot screws were implanted on both sides of the axis. Atlantodental interval and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were recorded before and after operation. Patients were followed up and underwent X-ray and CT to estimate reduction, fixation and bone graft fusion. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Eleven patients underwent operations successfully without vertebral artery or spinal nerve injury. (2) All patients were followed up for 3-12 months, with an average of 6 months. The symptoms of neck pain and neurological dysfunction were improved in varying degrees. All patients obtained atlantoaxial bone fusion, with an average fusion time of 6 months. (3) At postoperative 1 week, X-ray and CT images showed that atlantoaxial reduction was satisfactory and internal fixation was in good position. (4) Atlantodental interval reduced from preoperatively (6.8±1.5) mm to postoperatively (2.4±0.9) mm (t=17.854, P=0.000). Japanese Orthopaedic Association score increased from preoperatively (14.1±1.3) to postoperatively (15.9±0.9) (t=-10, P=0.000). (5) No complication occurred during follow-up, without recurrence or dislocation. (6) These results showed that using fulcrum screw in posterior screw-rod fixation fusion has an effective reduction for treating atlantoaxial dislocation and its preliminary clinical effects are satisfactory.

Key words:

fulcrum screw, atlantoaxial dislocation, screw-rod, fixed fusion, pull reset, posterior surgery, efficacy, revision

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