中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (18): 2823-2828.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2636

• 数字化骨科 digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

新型3D打印导板辅助颈椎前路双侧椎弓根置钉的安全及可行性

肖  强1,李小丹2,刘静莉3,曾纪焕1,邓  亮1   

  1. 1江西省人民医院骨科,江西省南昌市  330006;2江西卫生职业学院,江西省南昌市   330052;3南昌洪都中医院,江西省南昌市  330006
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-06 修回日期:2019-09-07 接受日期:2019-11-07 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 肖强,博士,主任医师,江西省人民医院骨科,江西省南昌市 330006
  • 作者简介:肖强,男,1975年生,江西省万安县人,汉族,2019年南昌大学江西医学院毕业,博士,主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科相关的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江西省重点研发计划项目(20161BBG70125)

Safety and feasibility of a new 3D printing template designed for bilateral anterior cervical transpedicular screws placements

Xiao Qiang1, Li Xiaodan2, Liu Jingli3, Zeng Jihuan1, Deng Liang1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; 2Jiangxi Health Vocational College, Nanchang 330052, Jiangxi Province, China; 3Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2019-09-06 Revised:2019-09-07 Accepted:2019-11-07 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-04-02
  • Contact: Xiao Qiang, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Xiao Qiang, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Key Research & Development Project of Jiangxi Province, No. 20161BBG70125

摘要:

文题释义:

3D 打印手术导板:该导板依据手术需要,通过计算机辅助设计、3D打印制备出的一种具有术中准确定位点、置钉的位置、方向和深度,精确建立孔道、截面、空间距离、相互成角关系及其他复杂空间结构等功能的辅助手术器械,具有获取途径方便、使用方法简单、价格低廉等优点。

颈椎前路椎弓根置钉:是一种区别于传统颈椎后路椎弓根螺钉置钉技术的新型置钉技术,该技术可通过单独前方入路实现颈椎三柱损伤或多节段病变的坚强固定,无需再行后路固定,可有效减少手术创伤和并发症。

背景:下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉固定技术可通过前方入路实现颈椎坚强固定,具有较大的应用前景。但该技术操作难度大、风险高,目前尚未得到广泛应用。

目的:改良设计一种用于下颈椎双侧前路椎弓根螺钉置钉的3D打印导板,探讨其辅助颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉置钉的可行性及安全性。

方法:选取6具正常成人颈椎标本,男女各3具,行薄层CT扫描后将影像数据以DICOM格式导入Mimics 17.0软件,三维重建后模拟设计出C3-C7双侧颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉钉道导孔,再以颈椎椎体前面、椎体上面前1/2及双侧钩突关节面前1/2骨性结构为标志,反向增厚设计生成导孔基座,形成颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉置钉导板。经3D打印得到导板实体后,在导板辅助下行C3-C7双侧颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉置钉。将置钉后的颈椎标本再次行CT扫描,通过CT断面影像评价置钉准确性。同时利用Mimics17.0软件比较实际钉道与模拟钉道在横断面的内、外偏移角度(α1、α2)差异及其在矢状面的上、下偏移角度(β1、β2)差异。

结果与结论:①双侧共计60枚颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉均顺利置入,其中57枚完全位于椎弓根皮质内,判定为0级,准确率95.0%;另外3枚破出椎弓根皮质,其中1级2枚(3.3%),2级1枚(1.7%);②真实钉道与模拟钉道相比,其横断面内、外偏移角分别为(0.867±0.787)°、(0.783±0.792)°,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);矢状面上、下偏移角分别为(1.362±1.380)°、(1.314±1.300)°,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。③提示在设计得到的3D打印导板辅助下可顺利完成下颈椎双侧前路椎弓根螺钉置钉,且具有良好的置钉安全性。

ORCID: 0000-0003-0124-7585(肖强)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 3D打印导板, 颈椎, 颈前路椎弓根螺钉, 双侧, 坚强内固定, 改良

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical transpedicular screws placement technique provides nice mechanical stability and is of very promising application prospects. However, the technology is difficult to operate and has a high risk, and has not been widely used.

OBJECTIVE: To design a new three-dimensional (3D) printing template for bilateral anterior cervical transpedicular screws placements and assess its feasibility and safety in anterior cervical pedicle screw placement.

METHODS: Six cadaveric cervical specimens, including three males and three females, were used in this experiment. Data of thin layer CT scanning of the specimens were saved in DICOM format and then imported into Mimics 17.0 software. Following 3D reconstructions of the cervical spine, guiding holes for C3-C7 bilateral anterior cervical transpedicular screws trajectories were designed; pedestals for the guiding holes were then designed via reversely thickening the bony structure of the anterior and 1/2 superior-anterior surface of vertebral body, and 1/2 anterior joint surface of bilateral processus uncinatus. Practical objects of the templates were obtained via 3D printing and were then used for guiding bilateral anterior cervical transpedicular screws replacements from C3 to C7. CT scanning was conducted again and the accuracy of anterior cervical transpedicular screws replacements was evaluated from sectional CT images. The difference of deviational angles on axial plane (α1, α2) and sagittal plane (β1, β2) between real and simulated trajectories were compared in Mimics 17.0 software.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 60 anterior cervical transpedicular screws were successfully inserted; 57 screws were completely located in pedicles and were judged as grade 0, representing an accuracy of 95.0%. The other three anterior cervical transpedicular screws perforated from pedicles, including grade 1 perforation in two screws (3.3%) and grade 2 perforation in one screw (1.7%). (2) By comparing real and simulated trajectories, the medical and lateral deviational angles were (0.867±0.787)° and (0.783±0.792)°, respectively (P > 0.05); the cephalad and caudal deviational angles were (1.362±1.380)° and (1.314±1.300)°, respectively (P > 0.05). (3) With the help of the 3D printing template designed in this study, bilateral anterior cervical transpedicular screws replacements could be smoothly carried out at high inserting safety.

Key words: 3D printing surgical template, cervical vertebra, bilateral anterior cervical transpedicular screw, bilateral, rigid internal fixation, modified

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