中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (30): 7989-7999.doi: 10.12307/2026.960

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

骨软骨界面结构与功能及在骨关节炎中的病理改变

秦可一1,2,陆加霖1,3,徐嘉艺1,2,高  雨1,常  非1   

  1. 1吉林大学第二医院,吉林省长春市   130041;2吉林大学白求恩第二临床医学院,吉林省长春市   130021;3中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,高分子科学与技术全国重点实验室,吉林省长春市   130022
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-22 修回日期:2026-06-08 出版日期:2026-10-28 发布日期:2026-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 常非,博士,主任医师,教授,吉林大学第二医院足踝外科,吉林省长春市 130041
  • 作者简介:秦可一,女,河南省郑州市人,汉族,吉林大学白求恩第二临床医学院本科在读,主要从事软骨损伤与修复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0107700),项目负责人:常非;国家自然科学基金项目(8257093758),项目负责人:常非

Structural and functional features of the osteochondral interface and its pathological alterations in osteoarthritis

Qin Keyi1, 2, Lu Jialin1, 3, Xu Jiayi1, 2, Gao Yu1, Chang Fei1   

  1. 1The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China; 2Norman Bethune Second Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China; 3State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2026-05-22 Revised:2026-06-08 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-09-15
  • Contact: Chang Fei, MD, Chief physician, Professor, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
  • About author:Qin Keyi, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China; Norman Bethune Second Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
  • Supported by:
    The National Key Research & Development Program of China, No. 2022YFE0107700 (to CF); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 8257093758 (to CF)

摘要:



文题释义:
骨软骨界面:指关节软骨与软骨下骨之间由潮线、钙化软骨及骨水泥线构成的过渡连接区域,具有应力传递与结构整合等功能。
骨关节炎:是一种常见的慢性退行性关节疾病,主要特征为关节软骨进行性破坏、丢失,伴随软骨下骨重塑、骨赘形成以及骨软骨界面结构改变。它由年龄、创伤、异常机械应力等多种因素引起,最终导致关节疼痛、僵硬、活动受限和功能障碍,是中老年人残疾的主要原因之一。

背景:关节软骨修复是临床难题,传统修复策略主要关注软骨组织,往往忽视连接软骨与软骨下骨的骨软骨界面,导致出现整合不良等并发症。
目的:综述骨软骨界面的结构特征、生物与生物力学功能及在骨关节炎中的病理改变,并探讨跨物种模型的特征差异与临床修复策略的演进,以期为组织工程修复和仿生支架设计提供理论依据。
方法:基于系统文献检索策略,收集PubMed、Web of Science数据库及中国知网中的相关研究,按照预设纳入标准进行筛选,并对骨软骨界面的结构特征、功能作用及在骨关节炎中的病理改变以及临床转化研究进行归纳与综合分析。
结果与结论:骨软骨界面通过独特的成分与结构实现软硬组织的功能整合。骨软骨界面具有典型微纳米分层结构特征,由潮线、钙化软骨和骨水泥线构成,并通过肌联蛋白和蛋白聚糖梯度、胶原纤维转变、矿化异质性和拓扑互锁结构实现营养交换、分子筛选和应力传递等关键生理功能,从而维持关节稳态。在骨关节炎进展过程中,骨软骨界面结构完整性受损,矿化模式紊乱,同时出现炎症与血管异常侵袭,这些改变破坏骨软骨界面生理功能,最终导致关节微环境失衡并加速退行性变。此外,不同物种及实验模型在界面结构与力学环境方面存在差异,研究结果在向临床外推时需谨慎解读。目前的临床修复策略多未能有效重建界面结构与功能梯度,是影响长期疗效的重要因素之一。未来应发展具备多级梯度及界面仿生特征的修复策略,以实现骨软骨单元的一体化再生。
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8897-2666 (秦可一);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-5794 (常非)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨软骨界面, 成分, 梯度结构, 生物力学, 骨关节炎

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage repair remains a major clinical challenge. Traditional repair strategies have primarily focused on the cartilage tissue itself while often overlooking the osteochondral interface that connects the cartilage to the subchondral bone, thereby frequently resulting in complications such as poor integration.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the structural characteristics, biological and biomechanical functions of the osteochondral interface, as well as its pathological alterations in osteoarthritis, and to explore the characteristic differences across interspecies models and the evolution of clinical repair strategies, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for tissue engineering and biomimetic scaffold design.
METHODS: Based on a systematic literature search strategy, relevant studies were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Following screening according to preset inclusion criteria, a comprehensive analysis and synthesis were performed regarding the structural features, functional roles, and pathological changes of the osteochondral interface, alongside clinical translation research.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The osteochondral interface facilitates functional integration between soft and hard tissues through its unique composition and structure. Characterized by typical micro-nanoscale hierarchical features, the interface comprises the tidemark, calcified cartilage, and cement line, and achieves key physiological functions such as nutrient exchange, molecular sieving, and stress transmission via titin and proteoglycan gradients, collagen fiber transition, mineralization heterogeneity, and topological interlocking structures, thereby maintaining joint homeostasis. During the progression of osteoarthritis, the structural integrity of the osteochondral interface is compromised, mineralization patterns become disordered, and inflammation and abnormal vascular invasion occur. These alterations disrupt the physiological functions of the osteochondral interface, ultimately leading to joint microenvironment imbalance and accelerated degeneration. Additionally, variations in interfacial structure and mechanical environment exist across different species and experimental models; therefore, research findings should be interpreted with caution when extrapolating to clinical settings. Current clinical repair strategies often fail to effectively reconstruct the interfacial structure and functional gradients, which is an important factor affecting long-term efficacy. Future developments should focus on repair strategies with multi-level gradients and biomimetic interfacial features to achieve integrated regeneration of the osteochondral unit.

Key words: osteochondral interface, composition, gradient structure, biomechanics, osteoarthritis

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