中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 7189-7195.doi: 10.12307/2026.390

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

膝骨关节炎单髁置换过程中有限元分析的应用

麻长城1，范海燕2，李  想3，刘智超1，邵  捷1，杨  云3   

  1. 1内蒙古医科大学，内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000；2内蒙古医科大学附属医院，内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000；3内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院，内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 接受日期:2025-10-10 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨云，教授，硕士生导师，主任医师，内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院关节外科C区，内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010000
  • 作者简介:麻长城，2000年生，河北省承德市人，蒙古族人，内蒙古医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自然科学基金(2023LHMS08012)，项目负责人：杨云；内蒙古医科大学联合项目(YKD2021LH025)，项目负责人：杨云

Application of finite element analysis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis

Ma Changcheng1, Fan Haiyan2, Li Xiang3, Liu Zhichao1, Shao Jie1, Yang Yun3   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 3The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Accepted:2025-10-10 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-05-25
  • Contact: Yang Yun, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Chief physician, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Ma Changcheng, Master candidate, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation, No. 2023LHMS08012 (to YY); Joint Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. YKD2021LH025 (to YY)

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摘要：

文题释义：

人工单髁膝关节置换：仅对膝关节内侧或外侧室进行表面置换的手术，用以替代膝关节胫股关节破坏的软骨表面，以达到治疗膝关节单侧间室骨关节炎的目的。
有限元分析：利用数学近似的方法对真实物理系统(几何和载荷工况)进行模拟，利用简单而又相互作用的元素(即单元)，就可以用有限数量的未知量去逼近无限未知量的真实系统。

摘要
背景：单髁膝关节表面置换是治疗单侧间室膝骨关节炎的有效手段，有限元分析作为一种先进的生物力学研究工具，为单髁膝关节置换的假体设计和手术规划单髁置换后膝关节的生物力学特性研究提供了重要支持。
目的：探讨有限元分析在单髁置换中的应用进展，包括单髁置换假体设计、手术规划的优化以及单髁置换后膝关节的生物力学特性。
方法：第一作者使用PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库进行文献检索，检索的文献发表时间截止到2025年8月，英文检索词为FEA，UKA，knee osteoarthritis，knee joint，femoral component，tibia component，biomechanics，ligament of knee joint，中文检索词为有限元分析，单髁置换术，膝关节骨性关节炎，膝关节，股骨组件，胫骨组件，生物力学，膝关节韧带。最终共纳入66篇文献进行综述，其中英文文献57篇，中文文献9篇。
结果与结论：①优化假体设计：有限元分析通过构建不同单髁假体置换模型，分析不同假体结构下的应力分布，可为单髁假体设计的优化提供精确的数据指导；②精准手术规划：有限元分析通过量化力学参数，能够精确预测不同截骨方案对膝关节生物力学的影响，包括胫骨后倾角、关节线位置和下肢力线，为外科医生选择最佳手术方案、提高手术精准度、降低并发症风险、提升假体长期生存率提供了理论指导；③利用有限元分析预测单髁置换术后生物力学特性，能够无创且预测性地模拟术后膝关节的力学行为，包括韧带张力、软骨接触压力和骨应变分布等，解决了二维影像无法捕捉的力学细节。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程

关键词: ">有限元分析, 单髁膝关节置换, 膝骨关节炎, 膝关节, 股骨假体, 胫骨假体, 生物力学, 膝关节韧带

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Single condylar knee arthroplasty is an effective method to treat unilateral compartment knee osteoarthritis. As an advanced biomechanical research tool, finite element analysis provides important support for the prosthesis design and surgical planning of single condylar knee arthroplasty and the biomechanical characteristics of knee joint after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the application progress of finite element analysis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, including the optimization of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty prosthesis design, surgical planning and biomechanical characteristics of knee joint after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. 
METHODS: The first author used PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang for articles published from database inception to August 2025. English search terms were “FEA, UKA, knee osteoarthritis, knee joint, femoral component, tibia component, biomechanics, ligament of knee joint.” Chinese search terms were “finite element analysis, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, knee osteoarthritis, knee joint, femoral component, tibial component, biomechanics, knee ligament.” Finally, 66 articles were included for review, including 57 in English and 9 in Chinese.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Optimization of prosthesis design: By constructing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty models of different unicondylar prostheses, the stress distribution under different prosthesis structures was analyzed using finite element analysis, which provided accurate data guidance for the optimization of unicondylar prosthesis design. (2) Accurate surgical planning: Finite element analysis can accurately predict the influence of different osteotomy schemes on the biomechanics of knee joint by quantifying mechanical parameters, including tibial kyphosis, joint line position, and lower limb force line, which provides theoretical guidance for surgeons to choose the best surgical scheme, improve surgical accuracy, reduce the risk of complications, and improve the long-term survival rate of prosthesis. (3) Finite element analysis was used to predict the biomechanical characteristics after operation, which can simulate the mechanical behavior of knee joint after operation, including ligament tension, cartilage contact pressure, and bone strain distribution, and solve the mechanical details that two-dimensional images cannot capture.

Key words: finite element analysis, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, knee osteoarthritis, knee joint, femoral prosthesis, tibial prosthesis, biomechanics, knee ligament

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