中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (23): 5954-5963.doi: 10.12307/2026.304

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

运动干预调节甲状腺激素:对肝脏、骨骼、肌肉、心脏与大脑的影响

程  洋1,2,黄庆强1,卜淑敏1,易  越2   

  1. 1首都体育学院运动科学与健康学院,北京市   100191;2北京理工大学生命学院,北京市   100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24 接受日期:2025-05-16 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2025-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 卜淑敏,博士后,教授,首都体育学院运动科学与健康学院,北京市 100191 并列通讯作者:易越,博士后,副研究员,北京理工大学生命学院,北京市 100081
  • 作者简介:程洋,男,2000年生,河北省邯郸市人,汉族,首都体育学院在读硕士,主要从事健康促进与运动能力、运动代谢组学以及非侵入式流体生物标志物筛选方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    体育医学工程学新兴交叉学科平台研究项目资助(11000024210200089230-XM001),项目参与人:卜淑敏;北京理工大学青年教师学术启动计划(3160012222114),项目负责人:易越;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2024CX06051),项目负责人:易越

Exercise interventions regulate thyroid hormones: effects on the liver, skeleton, muscle, heart, and brain

Cheng Yang1, 2, Huang Qingqiang1, Bu Shumin1, Yi Yue2   

  1. 1School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; 2School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-04-24 Accepted:2025-05-16 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2025-12-30
  • Contact: Bu Shumin, PhD, Professor, School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China Co-corresponding author: Yi Yue, PhD, Associate researcher, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • About author:Cheng Yang, MS candidate, School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Supported by:
     a grant from the Emerging Interdisciplinary Platform for Medicine and Engineering in Sports (EIPMES), No. 11000024210200089230-XM001 (to BSM [project participant]); Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars, No. 3160012222114 (to YY); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. 2024CX06051 (to YY)

摘要:


文题释义:
运动干预:指通过有计划的体育活动或运动来改善健康状况或治疗某些疾病。运动干预可以对多种生理过程产生积极影响,包括改善代谢、增强肌肉功能、提升心肺健康等。
甲状腺功能异常:是指甲状腺分泌的激素(如三碘甲状腺原氨酸和四碘甲状腺原氨酸)出现异常,导致机体甲状腺代谢过程紊乱。常见的甲状腺功能异常包括甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)和甲状腺功能减退(甲减)。

背景:甲状腺激素在调节哺乳动物的生长发育、能量代谢及维持机体稳态中扮演着至关重要的角色。运动干预能够通过多种机制调控体内甲状腺激素水平,然而,当前运动干预通过甲状腺激素对多器官的调节作用尚未完全阐明。
目的:综述甲状腺激素的合成、代谢及运动调节作用,以及运动干预调节甲状腺激素对肝脏、骨骼、肌肉、心脏与大脑多器官的影响。
方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、Web of Science和PubMed数据库,中文检索词为“甲状腺激素,甲状腺素,三碘甲状腺素,甲状腺,甲状腺功能减退,甲状腺功能亢进,甲减,甲亢,运动,训练,体力活动,肝,肌肉,肌纤维,骨骼,骨质疏松,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,心脏,心肌,脑,认知,神经”,英文检索词为“Thyroid Hormones,Thyroxine,Triiodothyronine,Thyroid,Hypothyroidism,Hyperthyroidism,Exercise,Training,Physical Activity,Liver,Hepatic,Muscle,Bone,Osteoporosis,Osteoblasts,Osteoclasts,Heart,Myocardium,Cardiomyopathy,Cardiac,Myocardial infarction,Brain,Cognition,Nervous”,选择各数据库建库至2025年2月发表的相关文献,最后纳入81篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:运动可通过调节甲状腺激素水平、重塑脱碘酶组织特异性表达或改变靶器官甲状腺激素受体敏感性,形成对多器官的动态调控。运动干预有潜力逆转甲状腺功能异常所致的多器官病理表型,如代谢相关脂肪性肝病、骨稳态失衡、肌肉功能下降、心脏功能衰退和认知功能障碍等。尽管现有证据揭示了运动对甲状腺激素的调节效应,但其分子机制和对多器官的调节作用仍需深入解析。另外,目前相关研究多基于啮齿类动物且大部分为有氧运动,多大程度上适用于人类代谢性疾病还需更多的临床证据支持。
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6309-9456 (程洋) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 甲状腺, 甲状腺激素, 运动调节, 脱碘酶, 肝脏, 骨骼, 肌肉, 心脏, 大脑, 代谢性疾病

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones play a critical role in regulating growth, development, energy metabolism, and maintaining homeostasis in mammals. Exercise interventions can modulate thyroid hormones levels through various mechanisms. However, the regulatory effects of exercise on multiple organs via thyroid hormones have not yet been fully elucidated. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize thyroid hormones synthesis, metabolism, and its regulation through exercise, and explore its dynamic regulatory functions in the liver, bone, muscle, heart, and brain.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang database, VIP, Web of Science, and PubMed for relevant articles published from database inception until February 2025. The search terms were “thyroid hormones, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, exercise, training, physical activity, liver, hepatic, muscle, bone, osteoporosis, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, heart, myocardium, cardiomyopathy, cardiac, myocardial infarction, brain, cognition, nervous” in Chinese and English. A total of 81 studies were included in this review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise can regulate thyroid hormones levels, reshape tissue-specific expression of deiodinases, or alter the sensitivity of thyroid hormone receptors in target organs, leading to dynamic multi-organ regulation. Exercise interventions have the potential to reverse pathological phenotypes of multiple organs associated with thyroid dysfunction, such as metabolic-related fatty liver disease, bone homeostasis imbalance, cognitive impairment, muscle and heart dysfunction. Although existing evidence reveals the regulatory effects of exercise on thyroid hormones, the molecular mechanisms and the regulatory roles of thyroid hormones in multiple organs still require further in-depth exploration. In addition, most of the current research is based on rodent models, primarily focusing on aerobic exercise, and more clinical evidence is needed to confirm its applicability to human metabolic diseases.

Key words: thyroid, thyroid hormones, exercise regulation, deiodinase, liver, bone, muscle, heart, brain, metabolic diseases

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