中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (17): 3579-3587.doi: 10.12307/2025.632

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认知功能损伤对双任务站立影响的中枢机制:功能性近红外脑成像系统分析

董志文1,于  聪1,陈  岩1,丁建军2   

  1. 1山东体育学院运动与健康学院,山东省济南市  250102;2山东体育学院国家足球学院国家篮球学院,山东省日照市  275900

  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27 接受日期:2024-07-11 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2024-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 陈岩,博士,教授,山东体育学院运动与健康学院,山东省济南市 250102 通讯作者:丁建军,硕士,讲师,山东体育学院国家足球学院国家篮球学院,山东省日照市 275900
  • 作者简介:董志文,男,1999年生,河南省太康县人,汉族,山东体育学院在读硕士,主要从事康复生物力学与脑机制方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家体育总局科技创新项目(23KJCX058),项目负责人:陈岩

Central nervous mechanisms underlying effects of cognitive impairment on dual-task stance: #br# functional near-infrared spectroscopy analysis

Dong Zhiwen1, Yu Cong1, Chen Yan1, Ding Jianjun2    

  1. 1School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China; 2National Football Academy and National Basketball Academy, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao 275900, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-27 Accepted:2024-07-11 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2024-11-01
  • Contact: Chen Yan, MD, Professor, School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China Corresponding author: Ding Jianjun, Master, Lecturer, National Football Academy and National Basketball Academy, Shandong Sport University, Rizhao 275900, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Dong Zhiwen, Master candidate, School of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Innovation Project of the General Administration of Sport of China, No. 23KJCX058 (to CY)

摘要:


文题释义:
轻度认知障碍老年人:轻度认知障碍指的是一种介于正常老化与痴呆之间的状态,患者虽未完全丧失日常生活能力,但已出现记忆、注意力和执行功能的轻度退化。认知功能减退可能削弱了运动控制和平衡调节能力,导致轻度认知障碍老年人的跌倒率升高。
功能性近红外脑成像技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS):是利用近红外光穿透颅骨,探测大脑皮质氧合血红蛋白与脱氧血红蛋白的浓度变化,基于神经血管偶联机制,反映大脑皮质功能活动水平。该技术因非侵入性、便携性、对环境和运动伪影不敏感,适合在自然或模拟自然环境中实时监测人体站立或行走时的大脑皮质状态。

背景:轻度认知障碍老年人由于认知功能下降,姿势控制能力下降,易发生跌倒。双任务范式由于更贴近日常生活,常被用于评估姿势控制能力,但以往对于轻度认知障碍老年人的认知与姿势控制双任务研究主要探讨姿势控制的外在表现特征,中枢神经机制的直接证据依然缺乏。
目的:探讨轻度认知障碍老年人在执行站立姿势控制-空间工作记忆双任务时大脑躯体感觉运动皮质激活特征。
方法:采用蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA-B)筛选受试者,共纳入轻度认知障碍老年人16人、认知功能正常老年人17人,进行5种任务测试,分别为空间工作记忆(SIT)、双足平衡站立(SD)、Romberg 站立(SR)、双足平衡站立-空间工作记忆双任务(DD)、Romberg 站立-空间工作记忆双任务(DR);同时使用功能性近红外脑成像系统和三维测力台收集躯体感觉运动皮质(20个通道)的血液动力学、足底压力中心(COP)摆动轨迹数据。
结果与结论:①在Romberg 站立、双足平衡站立-空间工作记忆双任务、Romberg 站立-空间工作记忆双任务下,轻度认知障碍老年人前后、内外方向足底压力中心位移均显著大于认知功能正常老年人(P < 0.05);②在双足平衡站立-空间工作记忆双任务下,轻度认知障碍老年人15通道(右侧前运动皮质/辅助运动区)的氧合血红蛋白变化量值显著大于认知功能正常老年人(P < 0.05);在Romberg 站立-空间工作记忆双任务下,轻度认知障碍老年人15,17通道(右侧前运动皮质/辅助运动区)的氧合血红蛋白变化量值均显著大于认知功能正常老年人(P < 0.05);③在Romberg 站立-空间工作记忆双任务下,轻度认知障碍老年人内外方向足底压力中心位移与15通道的氧合血红蛋白变化量存在显著正相关(r=0.659,P < 0.05),认知功能正常老年人内外方向足底压力中心位移与15通道的氧合血红蛋白变化量存在高度正相关(r=0.840,P < 0.05)。结果表明,与认知功能正常老年人相比,轻度认知障碍老年人在站立姿势控制-空间工作记忆双任务中站立姿势控制能力较弱,右侧前运动皮质与辅助运动区激活水平更高,更多的脑资源用于侧向姿势控制,可能是轻度认知障碍老年人认知衰退导致站立姿势控制能力变弱的大脑补偿机制。     
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8844-2801(董志文)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 轻度认知障碍, 姿势控制, 空间工作记忆, 前运动皮质, 辅助运动区, 功能性近红外光谱

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly people with mild cognitive impairment experience a decline in postural control ability due to cognitive function decline, making them more prone to falls. The dual-task paradigm, which more closely mirrors daily life, is often used to assess postural control ability. However, previous dual-task studies on cognition and postural control in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment have mainly focused on the external manifestations of postural control, with direct evidence of central nervous mechanisms still lacking. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activation characteristics of the cerebral somatic sensorimotor cortex in the elderly people with mild cognitive impairment while performing the dual task of stance postural control and spatial working memory. 
METHODS: Participants were screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, enrolling 16 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment and 17 healthy older people. They performed five task tests: spatial working memory, dual-feet balance stance, Romberg stance, dual task of dual-feet balance stance and spatial working memory, and dual task of Romberg stance and spatial working memory. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy and a three-dimentional force platform were used simultaneously to collect data on cerebral cortex (20 channels) hemodynamics and center of pressure swing trajectory. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In Romberg stance, dual task of dual-feet balance stance and spatial working memory, and dual task of Romberg stance and spatial working memory tasks, center of pressure displacements in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions were significantly greater in mild cognitive impairment elderly people than that in normal elder people (P < 0.05). In dual task of dual-feet balance stance and spatial working memory task, ΔHbO2 at channel 15 (right pre-motor cortex and supplementary motor area) was significantly greater in mild cognitive impairment elderly people than that in normal elder people (P < 0.05). In dual task of Romberg stance and spatial working memory task, ΔHbO2 at channels 15 and 17 (right pre-motor cortex and supplementary motor area) was significantly greater in the elderly people with mild cognitive impairment compared with the healthy older people (P < 0.05). In dual task of Romberg stance and spatial working memory task, a significantly positive correlation in the elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (r=0.659, P < 0.05) and a strong positive correlation in the healthy older people were observed between center of pressure displacement in medial-lateral direction and ΔHbO2 at channel 15 (r=0.840, P < 0.05). The results indicate that compared with the cognitively normal healthy older people, the elderly people with mild cognitive impairment showed weaker stance postural control capability during the dual task of stance postural control and spatial working memory, with higher activation levels in the right pre-motor cortex and supplementary motor area. The increased brain resource allocation for lateral postural control may represent the brain compensation mechanism in the elderly people with mild cognitive impairment due to cognitive decline leading to weakened stance postural control ability.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Key words: mild cognitive impairment, postural control, spatial working memory, pre-motor cortex, supplementary motor area, functional near-infrared spectroscopy

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