中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (33): 5249-5253.doi: 10.12307/2022.746

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics •    下一篇

有限元法分析骶椎腰化的力学特征

李  健1，2，关天民1，朱  晔1   

  1. 1大连交通大学机械工程学院，辽宁省大连市   116028；2大连大学附属新华医院骨科，辽宁省大连市   116021
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-11 接受日期:2021-11-03 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 朱晔，博士，讲师，大连交通大学机械工程学院，辽宁省大连市 116028
  • 作者简介:李健，男，1979年生，辽宁省大连市人，汉族，在读博士，副主任医师，主要从事人机工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2019-ZD-0576)，项目名称：3D打印钛合金支架搭载钽金属用于皮质骨缺损治疗的动物实验基础研究，项目参与者：李健、关天民

Mechanics analysis of sacral lumbarization based on finite element method

Li Jian1, 2, Guan Tianmin1, Zhu Ye1   

  1. 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2021-09-11 Accepted:2021-11-03 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2022-03-30
  • Contact: Zhu Ye, PhD, Lecturer, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Li Jian, Doctoral candidate, Associate chief physician, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Program Project of Liaoning Province, No. 2019-ZD-0576 (to LJ, GTM)

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摘要：

文题释义：
骶椎腰化：患者第一骶椎演变出腰椎的形态，通常伴随着骶骨结构的畸形，从而导致脊柱受力不平衡，诱发脊柱侧弯、腰肌劳损、腰间盘突出等病症。
梯度赋值法：由于不同骨密度在CT数据中表现出不同的灰度值，根据灰度值对椎体进行不同材料属性的梯度赋予。

背景：骶椎腰化会导致脊柱节段发生变化，致使脊柱力学结构发生变化，容易引发脊柱病变。
目的：分析骶椎腰化模型与正常骶椎模型的静力学区别。
方法：通过CT数据基于逆向工程原理建立腰骶几何模型，实验组为骶椎腰化模型，对照组为正常骶椎模型，通过CT数据灰度值进行材料属性梯度赋予，建立韧带，在L4椎体表面施加200 N的集中力模拟重力，同时在X轴正负向、Y轴正负向、Z轴正负向施加2 N·m的弯矩，模拟椎体进行前屈后伸、左右侧弯、左右旋转6种运动工况，分析模型应力分布、椎体偏转角度及椎间盘L5与骶骨间的应力分布。
结果与结论：①在6种工况加载下，实验组模型应力集中明显产生于S1与S2关节突接触位置，并且偏转角度明显大于对照组；②从椎间盘应力云图分布可以看出，两组模型的应力分布区域接近，符合脊柱受力特性，但实验组椎间盘应力值明显均大于对照组，最大值2.480 MPa出现在实验组前屈工况下，实验组与对照组模型的椎间盘应力差值最大为1.722 5 MPa；③结果表明，骶椎腰化整体结构不稳定，尤其是移行椎与骶椎连接位置应力集中更明显，影响到整个脊柱力线的稳定，进而导致脊柱疾病的发生。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-0833 (李健)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程

关键词: 骶椎腰化, 腰椎稳态, 梯度赋值, 有限元, CT图像, 逆向工程, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sacral lumbarization will lead to changes in spinal segments, so that mechanical structure of spine is going to change, more likely to cause spinal lesions.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze statics difference between the sacral lumbarization model and the normal model.
METHODS: According to principle of reverse engineering and data based on CT, lumbosacral geometric models were set up. The sacral lumbarization model was in the experimental group and normal model was in the control group. Gradient was attributed to the material based on gray value of CT data and ligament model was set up. A concentrated force of 200 N was applied to the L4 vertebral body surface to simulate gravity. Simultaneously, a moment of 2 N·m was applied to the positive and negative directions of the X axis, Y axis and Z axis to simulate six conditions of sports: anteflexion and posterior extension, right and left lateral flexion and rotation. The stress distribution of the model, the deflection angle of the vertebral body, and the stress distribution between the intervertebral disc L5 and the sacrum were analyzed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under six conditions, the stress concentration of sacral lumbarization model obviously occurred at the contact of the articular processes of S1 and S2 in the experimental group. Deflection angle was significantly larger in the experimental group than that in the control group. (2) From the stress nephogram of intervertebral disc distribution, the stress distribution area of experimental group and control group was close, which was fit for the stress characteristics of the spine. However, the stress of intervertebral disc in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The max value of 2.480 MPa appeared in the experimental group under the anteflexion condition. The max intervertebral disc stress difference value between experimental group and control group was 1.722 5 MPa. (3) To sum up, the overall structure of sacral lumbarization is more unstable. Especially, the stress concentration is more obvious at the junction of transitional vertebra and sacral vertebra, thereby affects the stability of the whole spinal force line, and then leads to the occurrence of spinal diseases.

Key words: sacral lumbarization, lumbar homeostasis, gradient assignment, finite element, CT images, reverse engineering, biomechanics

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