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18 March 2026, Volume 30 Issue 8 Previous Issue   

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Pro-osteoblastic effect of chlorogenic acid protein microsphere/polycaprolactone electrospinning membrane Sun Lei, Zhang Qi, Zhang Yu 2026, 30 (8):  1877-1884.  doi: 10.12307/2026.566 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (2178KB) ( 0 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chlorogenic acid has antibacterial, antiviral, and osteogenic properties. However, its limited solubility in water restricts its biological activity. OBJECTIVE: To observe the osteogenic effect of chlorogenic acid protein microspheres/polycaprolactone electrospinning membranes. METHODS: (1) Chlorogenic acid, bovine serum albumin and chitosan were used as raw materials to prepare chlorogenic acid protein microspheres by desolventization method and electrostatic adsorption technology. The micromorphology, particle size, Zeta potential, and drug encapsulation efficiency of chlorogenic acid protein microspheres were characterized. MC3T3-E1 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into three groups for culture: the control group was not treated with any treatment; the chlorogenic acid group was added with 10 mg/L chlorogenic acid; the chlorogenic acid protein microsphere group was added with 50 mg/L chlorogenic acid protein microspheres. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity after osteogenic induction and reactive oxygen levels under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress were detected. (2) Polycaprolactone electrospinning membrane and chlorogenic acid protein microsphere/polycaprolactone electrospinning membrane were prepared by electrospinning technology. The microscopic morphology of the electrospinning membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy. MC3T3-E1 cells in the logarithmic growth period were divided into four groups for culture: the control group was not treated with any treatment; the chlorogenic acid group was added with 10 mg/L chlorogenic acid; the polycaprolactone group was added with polycaprolactone electrospinning membrane; the microsphere spinning membrane group was added with chlorogenic acid protein microsphere/polycaprolactone electrospinning membrane. After 7 days of osteogenic induction, RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression of RUNX2 and alkaline phosphatase. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The chlorogenic acid protein microspheres exhibited a double-layer structure with a smooth surface and relatively uniform particle size, averaging (322.38±8.39) nm. The Zeta potential of the microspheres was measured at (42.85±2.11) mV and the drug encapsulation efficiency was found to be (57.16±7.32)%. Both chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid protein microspheres could promote the proliferation and early osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress response. (2) Both groups of electrospun membranes were 3D mesh structures with more pores. The surface of polycaprolactone electrospun membranes was smoother and the spinning diameter was more consistent. The surface of chlorogenic acid protein microspheres/polycaprolactone electrospun membranes showed more spherical protrusions and the spinning diameter was quite different. Both chlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid protein microspheres/polycaprolactone electrospun membranes could increase the mRNA and protein expression of RUNX2 and alkaline phosphatase in MC3T3-E1 cells. The results show that chlorogenic acid protein microspheres/polycaprolactone electrospinning membranes can promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Magnesium oxide nanoparticles regulate osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related gene expressions to promote bone defect healing Wu Yanting, Li Yu, Liao Jinfeng 2026, 30 (8):  1885-1895.  doi: 10.12307/2026.030 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (2429KB) ( 1 )   Save BACKGROUND: Magnesium oxide nanoparticles have excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties and are considered to be potential candidates for bone regeneration materials. However, current research mainly focuses on the effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on single cell types, and its regulatory mechanism for multi-cell synergy is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and to verify its actual effect on bone defect repair in vivo.  METHODS: (1) Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were prepared by uniform precipitation method, and their particle size, potential, stability under different storage conditions, cytotoxicity, blood compatibility and acute toxicity in rats were characterized. (2) Magnesium oxide nanoparticles with different mass concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were co-cultured with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic-related genes and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway were detected after osteogenic induction. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles with different mass concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells using matrigel experiment to detect angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic factors. (3) A circular bone defect with a diameter of 5 mm was made on both sides of the skull of 24 SD rats, and the rats were randomly divided into 4 intervention groups. Magnesium oxide nanoparticle suspensions with mass concentrations of [0 (control), 25, 50, 100 μg/mL] were directly injected into the bone defect site, with 6 rats in each group. Micro-CT examination of the bone defect site was performed 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were performed at the bone defect site 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The hydrated particle size of magnesium oxide nanoparticles was (80±20) nm, the polydispersity index was 0.129, and the surface potential was (30.29±2.10) mV. They had good particle size and potential stability when stored in PBS at room temperature. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles had good cell compatibility and blood compatibility, and no obvious tissue toxicity damage was observed in the acute toxicity experiment in rats. (2) With the increase of the mass concentration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, mineralized nodule formation, the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and phosphorylated protein kinase B in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increased. With the increase of the mass concentration of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, the angiogenesis and angiogenic factor expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells increased. (3) Micro-CT test results showed that the new bone formation in the bone defect area of the magnesium oxide nanoparticle treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the new bone density increased with the increase of magnesium oxide nanoparticle mass concentration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that with the increase of magnesium oxide nanoparticle mass concentration, bone tissue regeneration, collagen fiber reconstruction and angiogenesis in the bone defect site gradually improved. (4) The results show that magnesium oxide nanoparticles may promote the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, and effectively promote the healing of bone defects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone cement filling after enlarged curettage of giant cell tumor around the knee joint: a comparison of subchondral bone grafting and non-grafting Li Qingbin, Lin Jianhui, Huang Wenjie, Wang Mingshuang, Du Jiankai, Lao Yongqiang 2026, 30 (8):  1896-1902.  doi: 10.12307/2026.564 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (2221KB) ( 2 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lesion scraping and bone cement filling is the first choice for treatment of giant cell tumor of bone around the knee joint, but bone cement filling will increase articular cartilage damage and cause osteoarthritis. Clinicians generally choose subchondral bone grafting to avoid articular cartilage damage, but there is currently a lack of objective research evidence on subchondral bone grafting and no bone grafting for this procedure.  OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of subchondral bone grafting and no bone grafting on functional recovery of giant cell tumor of bone around the knee after expanded and curettage and to analyze the risk factors for secondary osteoarthritis.  METHODS: A total of 47 patients with giant cell tumor of bone around the knee who were admitted to Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2014 to 2019 were enrolled, including 16 males and 31 females aged 19-65 years. They were divided into a bone grafting group (n=25) and a non-bone grafting group (n=22) according to whether subchondral bone grafting was performed during bone cement filling after extended curettage of the lesion. The patients were followed up for more than 5 years after surgery. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, range of motion of the knee joint, tumor recurrence rate, and incidence of osteoarthritis during follow-up were compared between the two groups. After excluding recurrent cases, the patients were evaluated for secondary osteoarthritis according to the Aboulafia grading system and divided into groups. Univariate Logistic regression analysis was performed on gender, age, body mass index, tumor location, tumor cavity range, Campanacci grade, whether pathological fracture was combined, whether subchondral bone grafting was performed, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, tumor-cartilage distance and other variables between the two groups, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score and range of motion of knee joint between the bone grafting group and the non-bone grafting group 5 years after surgery (P > 0.05). During the follow-up period, three cases of tumor recurrence occurred in the bone grafting group and two cases in the non-bone grafting group. There was no significant difference in tumor recurrence rate between the two groups  (P > 0.05). The incidence of secondary osteoarthritis in the bone grafting group was significantly lower than that in the non-bone grafting group (16%, 50%, P < 0.05). (2) The univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, tumor-cartilage distance, tumor cavity range, pathological fracture, and subchondral bone grafting between the secondary osteoarthritis group (n=15) and the non-secondary osteoarthritis group (n=27) (P < 0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor-cartilage distance, tumor cavity range, pathological fracture, and subchondral bone grafting were risk factors for long-term secondary osteoarthritis after surgery (P < 0.05). (3) The results showed that there was no significant difference in the effect of subchondral bone grafting and no bone grafting on the recovery of knee joint function in patients with giant cell tumor of the knee joint during the surgery of lesion enlargement, scraping and bone cement filling, but subchondral bone grafting can reduce cartilage damage. Among them, too small tumor-cartilage distance, too large tumor cavity, combined pathological fracture, and no subchondral bone grafting are risk factors for secondary osteoarthritis in the later stage.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vascular endothelial growth factor 165 genes transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to construct a vascularized amphiphilic peptide gel module Jiang Xinghai, Song Yulin, Li Dejin, Shao Jianmin, Xu Junzhi, Liu Huakai, Wu Yingguo, Shen Yuehui, Feng Sicheng 2026, 30 (8):  1903-1911.  doi: 10.12307/2026.501 Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (1935KB) ( 1 )   Save BACKGROUND: The tissue engineering module provides a new idea for the treatment of femoral head necrosis. A vascularized scaffold was constructed and transplanted into the necrotic area, and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells under the action of growth factors and scaffolds, which promoted the generation of microvessels and improved local blood vascularity, thereby promoting the repair of the necrotic area.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of constructing a dendritic amphiphilic peptide self-assembly gel module with the ability to induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells in vitro.  METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and extracted from SD rats aged 4-6 weeks and identified by flow cytometry. In vitro directed adipogenic and osteogenic induced differentiation was used to detect the multidirectional differentiation potential of cells. Peptides            KGGGGAAAA(K)-C16H31O were synthesized by solid-phase method. The concentration was 10 mg/mL peptide solution. After the addition of normal salt solution, the peptide self-assembly was triggered, forming a translucent hydrogel. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the gel structure. In the experimental group, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with adenovirus carrying vascular endothelial growth factor 165 gene. The 10 mg/mL peptide solution was mixed with the cell suspension, and the cells were distributed inside the gel to form a three-dimensional culture system. In the control group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with empty virus were mixed with 10 mg/mL peptide solution to form a three-dimensional culture system. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR were used to detect the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells after 7 days of in vitro culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Flow cytometry results showed that the expression of CD29 and CD44 on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells was ≥95%, and the expression of CD34 and CD45 on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells was ≤2%. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were successfully differentiated by osteogenic induction and adipogenic induction in vitro. (2) The dendritic peptide solution was triggered by ions to form a transparent gel, and the small-sized nanomicelles with uniform morphology were observed under electron microscopy. (3) The results of immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR showed that the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the expression levels of CD31 and CD34 were higher than those in the control group. These results suggest that vascular endothelial growth factor 165 gene transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells implanted in a tissue engineering module constructed by peptide gel can induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility of 3D printed methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin hydrogel scaffolds Wang Qisa, Lu Yuzheng, Han Xiufeng, Zhao Wenling, Shi Haitao, Xu Zhe 2026, 30 (8):  1912-1920.  doi: 10.12307/2026.559 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (1575KB) ( 2 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering technology holds broad application prospects in the repair and treatment of tissues and organs, offering a novel solution for the treatment of large-scale skin defects. However, due to the complexity of skin structure, constructing functional three-dimensional skin tissue engineering models to mimic or replace natural skin remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: To develop a bio-mimetic methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin hydrogel scaffold and evaluate its effects on the proliferation, activity, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.  METHODS: Digital light processing 3D printing technology was utilized to produce methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds and methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin matrix hydrogel scaffolds. The microscopic morphology of the two scaffolds was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The effects of the two scaffolds on the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were detected by Tranwell chamber and scratch test. The effect of the two scaffolds on the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was detected by the tube formation experiment. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells were resuspended in the precursor solution of the two scaffolds. The methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin matrix hydrogel scaffold were prepared by digital light processing 3D printing technology. The proliferation, activity, and state of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the two scaffolds were detected by CCK-8 assay, live/dead staining, and phalloidin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that both scaffolds presented a three-dimensional porous structure with interconnected pores; both scaffolds could promote the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the promoting effect of methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin matrix hydrogel scaffold was stronger than that of methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold. (2) CCK-8 assay results showed that both scaffolds could promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the proliferation of cells in methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin matrix hydrogel scaffold was faster. Live/dead staining showed that the human umbilical vein endothelial cells in both hydrogel scaffolds were uniformly and three-dimensionally distributed, and both had a high survival rate. Phalloidin staining showed that the human umbilical vein endothelial cells in both scaffolds showed a good extension state and the cells in the methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin matrix hydrogel scaffold were more fully extended. (3) The results showed that the methyl acrylated hyaluronic acid/decellularized skin hydrogel scaffold could promote the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and had good cell compatibility. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of prescription ratio of “Honghuangbai” gel by orthogonal test in diabetic skin wound mouse models Gao Yanguo, Guo Xu, Li Xiaohan, Chen Shiqi, Zhu Haitao, Huang Liangyong, Ye Fang, Lu Wei, Wang Qibin, Zheng Tao, Chen Li 2026, 30 (8):  1921-1928.  doi: 10.12307/2026.560 Abstract ( 7 )   PDF (2372KB) ( 2 )   Save BACKGROUND: External treatment of Chinese medicine has a long history in promoting wound healing, and it is of great significance to develop effective Chinese medicine external preparations to treat diabetic foot ulcers. The medicinal materials of the formula “Honghuangbai (Rhodiola crenulata, Phellodendron, and Bletilla striata)” have the effects of removing dead tissue and promoting tissue regeneration, promoting blood circulation and unblocking collaterals, and detoxifying and curing sores, which can effectively promote the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. However, in actual application, there are defects such as easy stratification after long-term storage and difficult cleaning during dressing changes. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the prescription ratio of “Honghuangbai” gel and develop a gel-type preparation with good stability and the effect of promoting the healing of diabetic foot ulcers.  METHODS: A diabetic model of C57BL/6J mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Four weeks after successful modeling, a full-thickness skin defect with a diameter of 8 mm was made on the back of the mice. The dosage of the medicinal materials in the “Honghuangbai” gel formula (6-15 g of Bletilla striata, 3-6 g of Rhodiola crenulata and 3-12 g of Phellodendron) was used as the investigation factor. The wound healing rate and its area under the curve were used as evaluation indicators to carry out an L9(34) orthogonal experiment to optimize the formulation of the “Honghuangbai” gel. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model control group, and an optimal prescription ratio drug treatment group (three parallel groups), with 6 mice in each group. Full-thickness skin defects were made in the normal control group; diabetic full-thickness skin defects were made in the model control group; diabetic full-thickness skin defects were made in the optimal prescription ratio drug treatment group. After 3 days of wound modeling, sterile water was applied to the wounds of the normal control group and the model control group, and the optimal prescription ratio “Honghuangbai” gel was applied to the wounds of the optimal prescription ratio drug treatment group, once a day, for 12 consecutive days. The wound healing rate and its area under the curve were used as evaluation indicators to verify the orthogonal experimental results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The orthogonal test results showed that the optimal level of each factor was 6 g of Bletilla striata, 4.5 g of Rhodiola crenulata, and 12 g of Phellodendron. The results of the verification experiment showed that the wound healing rate and its area under the curve of the mice in the optimal prescription ratio drug treatment group on days 4 and 6 were higher than those in the model control group. The results showed that the optimal prescription ratio of the “Honghuangbai” gel was 6 g of Bletilla striata, 4.5 g of Rhodiola crenulata, and 12 g of Phellodendron, which could effectively promote the healing of skin wounds in diabetic mice. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metal organic framework/carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogel promotes healing of diabetic infected wounds Liu Hongjie, Mu Qiuju, Shen Yuxue, Liang Fei, Zhu Lili 2026, 30 (8):  1929-1939.  doi: 10.12307/2026.017 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (4591KB) ( 82 )   Save BACKGROUND: Excessive reactive oxygen species and bacterial infections in diabetic wounds can interfere with cell activity and function, increasing the difficulty of wound healing. Additionally, the lack of bioactive substances is an important factor contributing to delayed wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of metal organic framework/carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogel on cells under oxidative stress and in vitro antibacterial activity, as well as its role in the repair of diabetic infected wounds. METHODS: Manganese oxide and silver nanoparticles were loaded onto UIO-66-NH2 to prepare metal organic frameworks, and then metal organic framework/carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogels were prepared. The structure and morphology of the hydrogels and their effects on the proliferation and morphology of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were characterized. Under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, the effects of the hydrogels on the proliferation, activity, reactive oxygen species levels, cell cycle and cell migration of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were characterized. The inhibitory effects of the hydrogels on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro were characterized. Twelve SD rats were selected and the diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After the model was successfully established, a circular (20 mm in diameter) full-thickness skin wound was made on the back of the rats and Staphylococcus aureus suspension was dripped. After 12 hours, the rats were randomly divided into two intervention groups: the control group (n=6) had the wound wrapped with gauze, and the experimental group had the wound covered with metal organic framework/carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogel and wrapped with gauze. The wound healing was observed regularly. On day 14 of treatment, the wound was collected and the wound healing quality was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The components in the metal organic framework/carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogel were cross-linked to present a uniform network structure, which could promote the proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts without affecting the cell morphology. Under oxidative stress, the hydrogel could reduce the level of reactive oxygen species and the number of dead cells in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, reverse cell cycle arrest, and increase cell proliferation rate and migration ability. The hydrogel could significantly inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. (2) The diabetic rat infection wound repair experiment showed that the metal organic framework/carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogel could promote wound repair and improve the quality of wound healing. (3) The results show that the metal organic framework/carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate/platelet-rich plasma hydrogel can protect cells from the influence of excessive reactive oxygen species, improve the activity and functional expression of cells in an oxidative stress environment, and significantly promote the healing of infected wounds in diabetic rats.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of pH/near-infrared laser stimuli-responsive drug delivery system and its application in treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma Min Changqin, Huang Ying 2026, 30 (8):  1940-1951.  doi: 10.12307/2026.607 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (4864KB) ( 57 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region. Common clinical treatments are difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, the development of new materials and treatment strategies is of great clinical significance for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To construct the pH/near-infrared laser responsive complex by integrating polydopamine and doxorubicin with nanohydroxyapatite as drug carrier, and investigate its photothermal and chemical synergic therapeutic effect and mechanism of the complex on oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-4 cells.  METHODS: Nanohydroxyapatite drug carriers were prepared by hydrothermal method, loaded with photothermal reagent polydopamine and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, and nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complexes were constructed. The morphology, surface charge, ultraviolet-near-infrared spectrum, crystal form and photothermal properties of the complex were characterized. The nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex was immersed in PBS with different pH values, and 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation was added in pH=5 PBS to detect the drug release behavior. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cytotoxic effect of nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex combined with laser irradiation on human oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma HSC-4 and mouse fibroblast L929. The effect of nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex combined with laser irradiation on HSC-4 cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The uptake and distribution of nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex by HSC-4 cells were detected by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex showed a uniform rod-like structure, and the Zeta potential value change and ultraviolet-visible spectrum confirmed that the complex was successfully prepared. The nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex had good photothermal conversion performance and photothermal stability, and the drug release had an early burst release and a late sustained release behavior, and had pH/near-infrared laser stimulation response performance. Under 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation, the complex had a high-efficiency and low-toxic photothermal-chemical combined treatment effect against oral squamous cell carcinoma, and could promote HSC-4 cell apoptosis. The nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex could be taken up by HSC-4 cells. With the increase of culture time and laser irradiation, the amount of cell uptake of the complex increased, and doxorubicin was released into the nucleus and kills tumor cells. (2) The results show that the nanohydroxyapatite-polydopamine-doxorubicin complex has good photothermal performance and pH/near-infrared laser stimulation, and exhibits potential photothermal-chemical synergistic anti-tumor effects under 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization properties of three different ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate Shao Ziyu, Li Qian, Qumanguli·Abudukelimu, Han Youjun, Hu Yang 2026, 30 (8):  1952-1961.  doi: 10.12307/2026.604 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (4047KB) ( 28 )   Save BACKGROUND: Root canal sealers, which are widely used in current clinical practice, still have the disadvantages of poor biocompatibility and poor degradability. OBJECTIVE: To prepare nanohydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate biphasic calcium phosphate composites with polyvinyl alcohol as the binder and characterize the properties of the composites. METHODS: 15% polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel was mixed with different proportions of nanohydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (the mass ratio of nanohydroxyapatite to β-tricalcium phosphate was 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50, respectively). Biphasic calcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol composites were prepared by freeze drying. 30% nanohydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol composites and 30% β-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol composites were prepared at the same time. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of each group of composites. The mechanical properties of each group of composites were studied by universal mechanical testing machine.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that nanohydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in the biphasic calcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol composites were clustered together, and the C, O, Ca, and P elements were evenly distributed. (2) X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results of the biphasic calcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol composites showed that polyvinyl alcohol was successfully mixed with nanohydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate without chemical structure changes. (3) There were no significant differences in the ultimate compressive strength and elastic modulus of the five groups of composites (P > 0.05), among which the elastic modulus of the biphasic calcium phosphate (40:60)/polyvinyl alcohol composite was the largest.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fabrication and characterization of nanohydroxyapatite/sodium alginate/polycaprolactone/alendronate scaffold Zhou Hongli, Wang Xiaolong, Guo Rui, Yao Xuanxuan, Guo Ru, Zhou Xiongtao, He Xiangyi 2026, 30 (8):  1962-1970.  doi: 10.12307/2026.029 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (1995KB) ( 2 )   Save BACKGROUND: For bone tissue engineering, single-component materials cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, and degradation rate of ideal biomaterials. Composite materials composed of different components can combine the advantages of the performance of each component material to obtain comprehensive performance. OBJECTIVE: To prepare nanohydroxyapatite/sodium alginate/polycaprolactone scaffolds loaded with alendronate for clinical repair of bone tissue defects and evaluate their in vitro performance.  METHODS: Nanohydroxyapatite/sodium alginate scaffolds containing different mass fractions (50%, 60%, and 70%) of nanohydroxyapatite were prepared by extrusion 3D printer, and they were named nHA50, nHA60, and nHA70 respectively. Polycaprolactone was assembled onto the surface of nanohydroxyapatite/sodium alginate scaffolds by impregnation method, and the obtained scaffolds were named nHA50P, nHA60P, and nHA70P respectively. The morphology, mechanical properties, and hydrophilic properties of the six groups of scaffolds were characterized, and the scaffold with the best performance was screened for loading alendronate. The nHA60-alendronate scaffold was prepared by extrusion 3D printer, and the nHA60P-alendronate scaffold was prepared by immersion method. The in vitro drug release of the two groups of scaffolds was detected. The nHA60, nHA60P, and nHA60P-alendronate scaffolds were co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells, and the cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surfaces of nHA50, nHA60, and nHA70 scaffolds had granular protrusions, and the internal pores were regular and interconnected. With the increase of nanohydroxyapatite content, the agglomeration of particles on the surface of the scaffold increased. Polycaprolactone was attached to the surface of the scaffold in the form of a film. The compression modulus of the nHA60 scaffold was higher than that of the nHA50 and nHA70 scaffolds (P < 0.05), and the compression modulus of the nHA60P scaffold was higher than that of the nHA50P, nHA70P, and nHA60 scaffolds (P < 0.05). With the increase of nanohydroxyapatite content, the hydrophilicity of nHA50, nHA60, and nHA70 scaffolds increased in turn; the hydrophilicity of nHA50P, nHA60P, and nHA70P scaffolds was weaker than that of nHA50 scaffolds, but still met the requirements for cell growth on the scaffold surface. Based on the above results, nHA60 and nHA60P scaffolds were selected to load alendronate. (2) Compared with the nHA60-alendronate scaffold, the drug release rate of the nHA60P-sodium alendronate scaffold was slower, and the effective drug concentration could be maintained for a longer time. Compared with the nHA60 and nHA60P scaffolds, the nHA60P-alendronate scaffold could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. (3) The results show that the nHA60P-alendronate scaffold has excellent mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, drug sustained release, and biocompatibility.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional finite element analysis of implant anchorage combined with torque auxiliary arch to lower anterior teeth Xu Chang, Jiang Mingzhu, Liu Xin, Yan Weijun 2026, 30 (8):  1971-1978.  doi: 10.12307/2026.567 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (3462KB) ( 34 )   Save BACKGROUND: In orthodontic treatment, patients with deep overbite and gummy smile often use micro-screw implants to depress the upper anterior teeth to open the bite. However, this method is prone to causing labial inclination of the anterior teeth. The torque auxiliary arch has a unique mechanical function in orthodontics. Whether it can improve the labial inclination of the anterior teeth and enhance the treatment efficiency is worthy of in-depth study. OBJECTIVE: To simulate the scene of lowering anterior teeth with the finite element method, and explore the effects of different lip inclinations of anterior teeth and torque-assisted arch on tooth movement. METHODS: Maxillary models with different labial inclinations of central incisors and lateral incisors (105°, 112°, and 120°) were constructed based on oral cone beam CT images of healthy adults. Micro-implants were implanted between the bilateral maxillary central incisors and lateral incisors in each group of models, and a tensile force of 60 g was applied. For each model, torque auxiliary arches were set to apply forces of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 N, and no auxiliary arch was set. Initial displacement of teeth, the maximum principal stress of the periodontal ligament, and the Von Mises equivalent stress were analyzed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After applying the torque auxiliary arch, as the torque value increased, the movement directions of the tooth crown and root changed. The tooth crown changed from labial movement to lingual movement, and the root changed from lingual movement to labial movement. Moreover, the displacement difference between them gradually increased. Simultaneously, the amount of depression of the tooth root and the amount of elongation of the tooth crown both showed an increasing trend. At the same torque value, as the labial inclination of the tooth increased, the displacement of the tooth root and crown in all directions gradually decreased. (2) The maximum equivalent stress distribution of each group of models was mainly concentrated in the two areas of the cervical edge and the root apex, and the stress values were within the normal range. With the increase of the torque value, the Von Mises equivalent stress gradually increased. With the increase of the labial inclination, the Von Mises equivalent stress did not change significantly. (3) The maximum principal stress-tensile stress was mainly concentrated in the labial gingival margin of the periodontal membrane, and the compressive stress was mainly concentrated in the root apex. With the increase of the torque value, the compressive stress and tensile stress of the periodontal membrane increased. With the increase of the labial inclination, the stress change of the periodontal membrane was not significant, where torque values exceeding 1 N might damage the health of the apical periodontal tissues. (4) The results show that the torque auxiliary arch can not only improve the efficiency of anterior tooth depression, but also correct the overly labially-inclined anterior teeth and effectively control the tooth torque. However, to prevent root resorption, it is advisable to choose a force of less than 1 N for the auxiliary arch. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress magnitude and distribution in two-piece cement-retained zirconia implants under different loading conditions and with varying internal connection shapes Zheng Xuying, Hu Hongcheng, Xu Libing, Han Jianmin, Di Ping 2026, 30 (8):  1979-1987.  doi: 10.12307/2026.599 Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (2114KB) ( 1 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is a risk of fracture in the clinical application of two-piece cement-retained zirconia implants, and different anti-rotation structures directly affect the reliability of the implant-abutment connection, and may indirectly affect the magnitude and distribution of stress conduction to bone tissue. OBJECTIVE: To explore the anti-rotation structure that is more suitable for two-piece cement-retained zirconia implant-abutment connection. METHODS: Six sets of implant system and surrounding bone models with different anti-rotation shapes (round triangle, three-petal shape, square shape, cross keyway shape, hexagonal shape, and Torx shape) were drawn in NX12.0 drawing software, and imported into ANSYS workbench2021 in X_T format, and the forces on simulated intraoral occlusion and implant placement were applied to them. By comparing the magnitude and distribution of stress on the implant, abutment, adhesive and surrounding bone, the fracture likelihood and the impact on the surrounding bone were predicted.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under vertical load, only the implant was affected by the shape of the anti-rotation structure. The implants with square and three-petal anti-rotation structures were subjected to the least force, but the placement direction of the three-petal anti-rotation structure affected the force results of the implant. Under oblique load, the abutment was subjected to the least force when the anti-rotation structure was a round triangle and three-petal shape, but the placement direction of these two shapes of anti-rotation structures would affect the force on the abutment; the implant was subjected to the least force when the anti-rotation structure was a cross keyway and hexagonal shape. Under torque load, the implant was subjected to the least force when the anti-rotation structure was hexagonal. Under the three loads, there was no significant difference in the magnitude and distribution of the force on the adhesive and surrounding bone under different anti-rotation structures. (2) The results showed that the anti-rotation structure was mainly related to the force on the implant-abutment connection part, and had little effect on the surrounding bone. For two-piece cement-retained zirconia implants, the hexagonal anti-rotation structure may be a mechanically advantageous implant-abutment connection type. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulatory mechanism of recombinant type III humanized collagen protein improving photoaging skin in rats Yang Lixia, Diao Liqin, Li Hua, Feng Yachan, Liu Xin, Yu Yuexin, Dou Xixi, Gu Huifeng, Xu Lanju 2026, 30 (8):  1988-2000.  doi: 10.12307/2026.565 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (4929KB) ( 31 )   Save BACKGROUND: Type III collagen plays an important regulatory role in skin damage and repair in the body, with properties such as anti-inflammatory, maintaining skin elasticity, and enhancing cell activity. However, the effect and specific mechanism of recombinant type III humanized collagen in improving skin photoaging have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improvement effect and mechanism of recombinant type III humanized collagen on photoaging skin in rats. METHODS: A total of 132 SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups using a random number table method: except for the blank group (n=21), the ultraviolet irradiation model group (n=21), negative control group (n=18), positive control group (n=18), low-dose recombinant type III humanized collagen group (n=18), medium-dose recombinant type III humanized collagen group (n=18), and high-dose recombinant type III humanized collagen group (n=18) were used to construct the skin photoaging model of the back skin of rats (irradiated once every 1 day for 12 consecutive weeks). At week 14 of modeling, the dermis of the irradiated skin of the negative control group and the positive control group was injected with normal saline and 0.5 mg/mL bovine type I collagen solution, respectively. The dermis of the irradiated skin of the low-, medium- and high-dose recombinant type III humanized collagen groups was injected with 0.2, 0.5, and 5 mg/mL recombinant type III humanized collagen solution, respectively. The injection was uniformly injected into 20 points, 50 µL per point, once a week, for 5 consecutive weeks. The samples were collected 1, 3, and 5 weeks after the injection, and hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The evaluation of the appearance of rat skin showed that the skin condition of rats treated with recombinant type III humanized collagen was significantly improved, mainly manifested as fine and glossy skin, and wrinkles were significantly reduced or completely disappeared. (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that with the increase of injection time, the degree of keratinization outside the epidermis of rats in the low, medium-, and high-dose recombinant type III humanized collagen groups gradually decreased, and the collagen in the dermis gradually became neat, uniform and tight. Masson staining results showed that low- and medium-doses of recombinant type III humanized collagen could quickly slow down the loss of collagen in tissues and promote collagen regeneration and repair in tissues. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that low-, medium-, and high-doses of recombinant type III humanized collagen could significantly reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and interleukin 6 proteins in skin tissues, and increase the expression of type I and type III collagen. (3) The results showed that recombinant type III humanized collagen regulated the structural composition and inflammatory infiltration of rat skin tissues through the interleukin 6/matrix metalloproteinase 1 signaling pathway, and improved the skin photoaging caused by ultraviolet irradiation in rats. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Action mechanism of metformin combined with Eomecon chionantha Hance dressing in treatment of deep second-degree burn wounds#br# #br# Dong Chunyang, Zhou Tianen, Mo Mengxue, Lyu Wenquan, Gao Ming, Zhu Ruikai, Gao Zhiwei 2026, 30 (8):  2001-2013.  doi: 10.12307/2026.071 Abstract ( 2 )   PDF (3972KB) ( 44 )   Save BACKGROUND: Metformin and Eomecon chionantha Hance both exhibit anti-inflammatory and vascular protective properties. Metformin has been proven to promote tissue repair through various mechanisms, such as reducing oxidative stress.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects of metformin combined with Eomecon chionantha Hance on deep second-degree burn wounds. METHODS: (1) In vitro experiments: The effects of Eomecon chionantha Hance, Eomecon chionantha Hance + low-dose metformin (10 mmol/L), and Eomecon chionantha Hance + high-dose metformin (100 mmol/L) on the level of reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 cells (or L929 cells) induced by hydrogen peroxide were detected. The effects of Eomecon chionantha Hance, Eomecon chionantha Hance + low-dose metformin (10 mmol/L), and Eomecon chionantha Hance + high-dose metformin (100 mmol/L) on the scratch healing ability of L929 cells were detected. The effects of Eomecon chionantha Hance, Eomecon chionantha Hance + low-dose metformin (10 mmol/L), and Eomecon chionantha Hance + high-dose metformin (100 mmol/L) on the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 and nuclear factor κB p65 protein in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide were detected. The inhibitory effects of Eomecon chionantha Hance, Eomecon chionantha Hance + low dose metformin (10 mmol/L), and Eomecon chionantha Hance + high dose metformin (100 mmol/L) on Staphylococcus aureus were detected by test tube double dilution method combined with agar dilution plate method and bacterial live and dead staining. (2) In vivo animal experiment: The hemostatic properties of Eomecon chionantha Hance were observed by liver laceration model and tail amputation model of SD rats. 16 SD rats were selected, and 4 deep second-degree burn wounds with a diameter of 2 cm were established on the back of each rat. Staphylococcus aureus suspension was applied to the wound 4 hours after modeling. 24 hours after the bacterial liquid was applied, the rats were divided into four groups for intervention, with four rats in each group: the modeling group was injected with normal saline subcutaneously, and the wound was wetted with gauze soaked in normal saline. The Eomecon chionantha Hance group was wetted with gauze soaked in Eomecon chionantha Hance. The low-dose metformin Eomecon chionantha Hance group was injected with 10 mmol/L metformin 1 mL subcutaneously, and the wound was wetted with gauze soaked in Eomecon chionantha Hance. The high-dose metformin Eomecon chionantha Hance group was injected with 100 mmol/L metformin 1 mL subcutaneously, and the wound was wetted with gauze soaked in Eomecon chionantha Hance. The subcutaneous administration time was 1, 2, 4, and 6 days, and the gauze was changed every day. Within 7 days after administration, the wound healing, wound tissue morphology, wound oxidative stress indicators, inflammatory factors, and angiogenesis-related protein expressions were observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the Eomecon chionantha Hance alone, metformin combined with Eomecon chionantha Hance had stronger reactive oxygen scavenging ability, antibacterial ability, cell migration promotion ability and inhibition of nuclear factor κB inflammatory signaling pathway, and the effect of Eomecon chionantha Hance combined with high-dose metformin was more obvious. (2) Eomecon chionantha Hance had a good hemostatic effect, which could shorten the hemostatic time and reduce the amount of bleeding. Compared with Eomecon chionantha Hance alone, metformin combined with Eomecon chionantha Hance could better promote wound healing, improve wound tissue morphology, inhibit inflammatory response and oxidative stress response, and increase vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression, and the effect of Eomecon chionantha Hance combined with high-dose metformin was more obvious. (3) The results show that metformin combined with Eomecon chionantha Hance can promote the repair of deep second-degree burn wounds through antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cell migration promotion.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bionic functional coating improves the integration of titanium implants and skin tissue interface Tan Jing, Li Li, Wang Liangliang, Qin Xiangyu 2026, 30 (8):  2014-2022.  doi: 10.12307/2026.079 Abstract ( 2 )   PDF (4429KB) ( 81 )   Save BACKGROUND: The long-term stability of percutaneous titanium implants is compromised by the lack of dynamic integration mechanisms at the skin-implant interface. Persistent challenges include barrier function deterioration and secondary infections due to epidermal downgrowth, which severely restrict clinical utility. Although titanium surface modifications have significantly enhanced osseointegration, the biological regulation of the skin tissue interface is still challenging. OBJECTIVE: To develop a biomimetic functional coating based on titanium-affinity peptide and improve titanium implant-skin tissue interface integration.  METHODS: Pure titanium sheets were treated with acid and base by an acid-base two-step method, and then immersed in a titanium affinity peptide solution modified with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequence to prepare a bionic coating on the surface of titanium sheets. The protein adsorption and release on the surfaces of acid-base treated titanium sheets and bionic coating modified titanium sheets were detected. The acid-base treated titanium sheets and bionic coating modified titanium sheets were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The adhesion was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The bacterial survival was detected by live/dead staining. The acid-base treated titanium sheet and the biomimetic coating modified titanium sheet were co-cultured with mouse fibroblasts, respectively. The proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell adhesion was detected by phalloidin staining. Cell migration was detected by scratch test. Type I collagen and transforming growth factor β expression levels were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Type I and type III collagen levels in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA. Type I collagen, type III collagen, transforming growth factor β, α-smooth muscle actin and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The bionic coating modified titanium sheet showed significant advantages in protein adsorption kinetics: Compared with the acid-base treated titanium sheet, the protein adsorption rate on the surface of the bionic coating modified titanium sheet fluctuated less within 60 minutes, and the protein release rate in PBS was relatively stable, and the binding with protein was more firmly. (2) Scanning electron microscopy showed that a certain amount of bacteria adhered to the surfaces of both groups of titanium sheets, and the bacterial morphology was relatively complete and spherical, but live-dead staining showed that the bacterial survival rate on the surface of the bionic coating modified titanium sheet was lower. (3) Mouse fibroblasts could proliferate, adhere and spread on the surfaces of both groups of titanium sheets, among which the bionic coating modified titanium sheet could promote the migration of mouse fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the two groups of titanium sheets could promote the expression of type I collagen and transforming growth factor β. ELISA results showed that the bionic coating modified titanium sheet could delay the premature deposition of type I collagen. qRT-PCR results showed that the bionic coating modified titanium sheet could increase the mRNA expression of type III collagen and transforming growth factor β. (4) These findings show that bionic coating modification can improve the stability of protein adsorption and release on the surface of titanium sheets, effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion and proliferation, and promote the migration of fibroblasts and the expression of factors related to wound repair. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advantages of MXene-based flexible electronic sensors and their application in monitoring diabetic foot wounds Pan Zhiyi, Huang Jiawen, Xue Wenjun, Xu Jianda 2026, 30 (8):  2023-2032.  doi: 10.12307/2026.056 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (2990KB) ( 1 )   Save BACKGROUND: MXene materials have excellent antibacterial activity, electrical conductivity, photothermal conversion activity, and biocompatibility, which can be engineered as flexible electronic sensors and have great application potential in the field of real-time monitoring of diabetic foot wounds. OBJECTIVE: To review the advantages of MXene-based flexible electronic sensors and their current utilization and future perspectives in the monitoring of diabetic foot wound. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched with Chinese and English search terms “MXene, flexible electronic sensor, diabetic foot, wound detection.” A total of 55 articles were included for review analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The physiological parameters, such as pH value, temperature, uric acid, blood glucose, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide, are considered closely related with diabetic wound healing. MXene-based flexible electronic sensors exhibit better real time monitoring capability and have broad development prospects. According to the inherent characteristics of MXene materials, creative surface modification of traditional flexible sensors can not only give the sensors good antibacterial ability, but also improve the overall performance of the sensors, and show higher redox current response by enhancing the sensitivity to changes in pathological signals, thus achieving accurate and stable dynamic monitoring. Although MXene-based flexible electronic sensors have made great progress in monitoring diabetic foot wounds, most of the current research is still in infancy, and long-term biosafety and system validation need to be further studied.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bidirectional regulation of reactive oxygen species based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanomaterials: from tumor therapy and antibacterial activity to cytoprotection Wang Songpeng, Liu Yusan, Yu Huanying, Gao Xiaoli, Xu Yingjiang, Zhang Xiaoming, Liu Min 2026, 30 (8):  2033-2013.  doi: 10.12307/2026.073 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (2240KB) ( 1 )   Save BACKGROUND: Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and its derivatives have demonstrated significant potential in tissue engineering due to their excellent drug-controlled release capabilities.  OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and clearance by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and its modified materials, explore their potential applications in antitumor, antibacterial, and tissue protection fields, and analyze future directions and challenges.  METHODS: The first author conducted a literature search in CNKI and PubMed databases for publications from 2000 to 2024. The Chinese keywords included “zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, reactive oxygen species, antibacterial, anti-tumor, reactive oxygen species absorption, reactive oxygen species balance, tissue repair.” English keywords included “ZIF-8, ROS, antibacterial, antitumor, ROS absorption, balance of ROS, tissue regeneration.” A total of 69 high-quality articles were selected for review and analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By modulating the band gap structure of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and its modified materials and optimizing electron transfer efficiency, the separation and migration efficiency of photoinduced charge carriers can be significantly enhanced. This improvement boosts catalytic reaction performance, increases generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species, and achieves more effective and targeted antitumor and antibacterial effects. Simultaneously, antioxidant enzyme systems or surface-modified reactive oxygen species scavenging devices can precisely balance excessive reactive oxygen species, providing effective cell protection. This dual regulation mechanism, based on band gap tuning and electron transfer optimization, offers a strategic approach to dynamically manage reactive oxygen species generation and clearance, presenting broad application prospects in antitumor, antibacterial, and tissue protection fields. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Applications and limitations of antioxidant nanomaterials in oral cavity Yang Xuetao, Zhu Menghan, Zhang Chenxi, Sun Yimin, Ye Ling 2026, 30 (8):  2044-2053.  doi: 10.12307/2026.026 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (1735KB) ( 0 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is linked to the development of numerous oral disorders. Antioxidant nanomaterials possess enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging properties and can reduce oxidative stress, presenting significant potential for application in oral health. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of antioxidant nanomaterials in recent years, as well as their applications, deficiencies, and future research directions in oral diseases.  METHODS: Literature was retrieved in PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords “reactive oxygen, antioxidant, nano, oxidative stress, oral,” and literature was retrieved in CNKI using the same keywords. Articles with weak relevance to the research topic were excluded, resulting in a final inclusion of 103 publications for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of various oral diseases. Eliminating excess reactive oxygen species and rebalancing oxidation and antioxidation is a crucial approach to treating oral-related diseases. Antioxidant nanomaterials have efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging ability due to their nanostructure characteristics, can improve the body's oxidative stress, promote the recovery of related diseases, and have significant effects in the research and application of oral-related diseases. The raw materials for the synthesis of antioxidant nanomaterials are expensive, the process is complex, and the long-term safety of in vivo application is unclear, which requires further research, improvement and verification. In the future, the research and application of antioxidant nanomaterials in oral diseases require multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary research, while combining fields such as big data and artificial intelligence to optimize the design, experiment, application, and verification of materials to achieve safe, effective, and comfortable personalized oral disease treatment.  Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics