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18 May 2025, Volume 29 Issue 14 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction on osteoclast activity in a mouse osteoporosis model induced by aromatase inhibitors  Pu Dongqing, Feng Dandan, Zhang Mengdi, Liu Bingwei, Shi Guangxi, Chen Hanhan, Li Jingwei 2025, 29 (14):  2861-2867.  doi: 10.12307/2025.618 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (2497KB) ( 208 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although aromatase inhibitors significantly improve the clinical benefit of patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, its associated adverse event - osteoporosis seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction can effectively prevent the occurrence of aromatase inhibitor-induced osteoporosis, but its mechanism of action is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction on osteoclast activity in a mouse model of osteoporosis induced by aromatase inhibitors and relevant mechanisms.  METHODS: Sixty 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, high-, medium- and low-dose Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction, and positive control group, with 10 mice in each group. Bilateral ovaries were removed to establish postmenopausal animal models in all the groups except for the sham operation group. After 1 week of recovery, letrozole was injected subcutaneously to establish postmenopausal osteoporosis models via subcutaneous injection of letrozole (an aromatase inhibitor). The high-, medium- and low-dose Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction groups were intragastrically given 19.24, 9.62 and 4.81 g/kg/d Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction (once a day), respectively. The positive control group was given alendronate 5mg/kg once a week. After 3 months of administration, Micro-CT was used to detect tibial bone mineral density and bone microstructure. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of the femur were performed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotectin in the femur. ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the sham operation group, the model group showed a significant decrease in bone mineral density, sparse and fractured trabecular morphology, and a significant increase in serum levels of carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, indicating that the model of aromatase inhibitor-induced osteoporosis was successfully constructed. (2) Compared with the model group, the high-, medium-, and low-dose Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction groups showed significant improvement in bone mineral density and bone microstructure, thickening and densification of trabecular morphology, significantly decreased serum levels of carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, a decrease in the number of osteoclasts and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand proteins, and an increase in the expression of osteoprotegerin. To conclude, Huangqi Bushen Huoxue Decoction may regulate the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB/osteoprotegerin signaling pathway, inhibit osteoclast activity, improve trabecular morphology and bone microstructure, and increase bone mineral density, thus preventing the occurrence and development of aromatase inhibitor-induced osteoporosis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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piR-7472 affects the mechanism by which voltage-regulated potassium channels promote osteogenic differentiation in mice Long Yubin, Wang Xiangbin, Fan Jigeng, Yang Houzhi, Yang Yang, Li Yong 2025, 29 (14):  2868-2874.  doi: 10.12307/2025.610 Abstract ( 194 )   PDF (1855KB) ( 145 )   Save BACKGROUND: Existing studies have made significant progress in PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) against osteoporosis, but the specific targets and related mechanisms by which piRNAs exert their functions remain to be explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and downstream mechanisms of piR-7472 on the differentiation of mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). METHODS: (1) Twelve C57/BL6J mice were randomly divided into a sham-operated and an ovariectomized group, with six mice in each group. Changes in bone mass and the expression of piR-7472 were detected using Micro-CT and RT-qPCR, respectively, at 8 weeks after surgery. (2) MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into NC mimics group, piR-7472 mimics group, NC inhibitor group, and piR-7472 inhibitor group. The mRNA expression of piR-7472, osteopontin, type I collagen, Runt-related transcription factor 2, and potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily F member 1 were detected by RT-qPCR after 7 days of osteogenic induction. The protein expression of osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily F member 1 (KCNF1) was detected using western blot assay. The expression of alkaline phosphatase was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining after 14 days of osteogenic induction, and the number of mineralized nodules was detected by alizarin red staining after 21 days of induction. Whether piR-7472 could bind to KCNF1 was observed by the dual luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, bone trabecular thickness, bone trabecular number were significantly decreased and bone trabecular separation was significantly increased in ovariectomized mice, and piR-7472 in bone tissue was significantly down-regulated in osteoporotic mice. (2) Compared with the NC group, the mRNA expression of osteopontin, type I collagen, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 were significantly increased, the protein expression of osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were significantly elevated, and the levels of mineralized deposition and alkaline phosphatase were increased in the piR-7472 mimics group. Compared with the NC inhibitor group, the mRNA expression of osteopontin, type I collagen, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 was significantly downregulated, the protein expression of osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor 2, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were significantly decreased, and the levels of mineralized deposition and alkaline phosphatase were reduced in the piR-7472 inhibitor group. (3) piR-7472 was found to interact with the potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily F member 1 as predicted by the miRanda database. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that piR-7472 mimics could bind to and promote the expression of KCNF1. To conclude, piR-7472 can promote osteogenic differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells MC3T3-E1, and its mechanism of action may be achieved by promoting the expression of KCNF1. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deer antler peptide modulation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis inhibits dexamethasone-induced ferroptosis in osteoblasts Shao Xuekun, Wang Cheng, Wang Yi, Wang Ping, Qiu Zhuoya, Wang Xinru, Sun Tiefeng 2025, 29 (14):  2875-2881.  doi: 10.12307/2025.619 Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (1303KB) ( 166 )   Save BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is closely related to ferroptosis in osteoblasts. Deer antler peptide can promote the survival and functional establishment of osteoclasts by inhibiting ferroptosis in osteoblasts, and has the potential to treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, but its regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in osteoblasts has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism by which deer antler peptide inhibits dexamethasone-induced ferroptosis in osteoblasts. METHODS: (1) Different concentration gradients of antler peptide and dexamethasone were used to intervene in MC3T3-E1 14 cells, and the cell activity was detected by cell counting kit-8 method to determine the effect concentration of antler peptide and dexamethasone. (2) MC3T3-E1 14 cells treated with dexamethasone (800 μmol/L) were intervened with different concentrations of gradient antler polypeptide, which were then divided into blank control group, dexamethasone group and dexamethasone+antler peptide group. Cell counting kit-8 method was used to calculate the effects of different concentrations of antler polypeptide on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 14 cells. (3) Glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, lipid peroxide, cellular iron, and reactive oxygen species levels in the blank control group, dexamethasone group and dexamethasone+antler peptide group were detected using kits. The protein expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 were detected by western blot to verify the pathway by which antler polypeptide inhibits ferroptosis. RESULTS AND CONCIUSION: After cell activity was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay, antler peptide (10 mg/mL) and dexamethasone (800 μmol/L) were selected to treat MC3T3-E1 14 cells for 24 hours in subsequent experiments. After treatment with dexamethasone, malondialdehyde, lipid peroxide, cellular iron and reactive oxygen species levels were all increased (P < 0.01), while glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity were decreased and the protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 were also decreased (P < 0.05-0.01). After antler peptide intervention, the changes in the above indexes were obviously reversed (P < 0.05-0.01). To conclude, antler peptide may inhibit ferroptosis in osteoblasts by regulating the glutathione peroxidase 4/solute carrier family 7 member 11 axis, and thereby exert a therapeutic role in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Juanbi Decoction-containing serum inhibits interleukin-1beta induced articular chondrocyte damage via regulating mitophagy Zheng Yongzhi, Chen Feifei, Kang Qian, Jin Chunyang, Wang Ruoqin 2025, 29 (14):  2882-2891.  doi: 10.12307/2025.387 Abstract ( 236 )   PDF (2161KB) ( 164 )   Save BACKGROUND: Defective outgrowth of chondrocyte mitophagy causes degenerative chondrocyte pathological changes such as apoptosis and matrix loss.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of Juanbi Decoction-containing serum on interleukin-1β-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis of rat knee joint chondrocytes.  METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly given saline, Juanbi Decoction in low, medium and high doses (1.24, 2.48 and 4.96 g/kg), and celecoxib (positive drug) group. Drug-containing serum was obtained by continuous gavage for 2 weeks. (1) Chondrocytes were isolated and randomly divided into control group, interleukin-1β group, Juanbi Decoction low, medium and high dose containing serum groups and positive drug serum group. Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect cell viability; immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect mitophagy level; immunofluorescence was used to detect the phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase level; western blot was used to detect the expression of PTEN induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway-related protein and cleaved caspase-3; and ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factor level. (2) PTEN induced putative kinase 1 siRNA and Compound C were used for intervention to explore the role of AMP-activated protein kinase/PTEN induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway in the regulation of mitophagy by Juanbi Decoction-containing serum.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, chondrocyte survival, type II collagen, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, PTEN induced putative kinase 1, Parkin, and microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3 protein levels, and mitophagy levels were significantly lower in the interleukin-1β group (P < 0.05), while cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Compared with the interleukin-1β group, opposite changes in all the above indexes were observed in Juanbi Decoction low, medium and high dose containing serum groups and positive drug serum group (P < 0.05). (2) PTEN induced putative kinase 1 siRNA significantly inhibited the effect of Juanbi Decoction-containing serum on mitophagy in interleukin-1β-treated chondrocytes and reduced the protective effect of Juanbi Decoction-containing serum on interleukin-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes; Compound C reversed the effect of Juanbi Decoction-containing serum on the PTEN induced putative kinase 1/Parkin signaling pathway in interleukin-1β-treated chondrocytes. To conclude, Juanbi Decoction-containing serum inhibits chondrocyte inflammation and apoptosis by affecting the level of mitochondrial autophagy, thereby attenuating interleukin-1β-induced chondrocyte degradation by a mechanism that may be related to the regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/PTEN induced putative kinase 1/Parkin pathway. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential effects of ornidazole on intracanal vascularization in endodontic regeneration #br# #br# 2025, 29 (14):  2892-2898.  doi: 10.12307/2025.605 Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (2133KB) ( 20 )   Save BACKGROUND: In endodontics, revascularization and effective control of bacterial infection are prerequisite for regenerative repair of tissues and further development of the root apex. Ornidazole, carried in pulp-capping materials or vascularized scaffolding materials may control pulpal infections, but its effect on vascularization need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the residual concentration pattern of ornidazole in root canals and to evaluate the effects of ornidazole on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as on vascular irritation. METHODS: (1) Ornidazole was encapsulated in the isolated pulp cavity and then immersed in Hank’s balanced salt solution for 7 days. Ornidazole was then removed from the pulp cavity, reencapsulated in sterile water, and again immersed in Hank’s balanced salt solution. The mass concentration of ornidazole in the pulp cavity fluid was measured periodically by colorimetric method. (2) Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were inoculated into well plates. Adherent cells were stimulated by the addition of lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours, and then co-cultured by the addition of 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 μg/mL ornidazole, to detect the cellular activity and migratory ability. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were inoculated in well plates and co-cultured with different mass concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 10 μg/mL) of ornidazole or stimulated by lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours followed by the addition of different mass concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 8,  10 μg/mL) of ornidazole. The gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor as well as the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was detected. (3) The chorioallantoic membrane assay was employed to assess the vascular irritation of 2 and 10 μg/mL ornidazole. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Residual ornidazole in exfoliated teeth was rapidly released within the initial 6 days, with a subsequent decrease in release rate, maintaining a concentration of approximately 2 μg/mL at the root apex after 8 days. Under lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory conditions, cell counting kit-8 and cell live-dead fluorescence staining showed that ornidazole (1-10 μg/mL) had no significant effect on the activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the cell scratch assay showed that ornidazole (1-10 μg/mL) had no obvious effect on the migratory ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. RT-qPCR assay showed that, after co-cultivation with ornidazole alone, the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed an overall decreasing trend. After co-culturing with ornidazole under lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, the mRNA expression of the two factors showed a rising trend in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Western blot assay showed that vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression had an elevating trend in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after co-culture with ornidazole under lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory conditions. The chorioallantoic membrane assay showed that 2 and 10 μg/mL ornidazole were non-vascular irritating. To conclude, 1-10 μg/mL ornidazole is non-cytotoxic and non-vascular irritating, promotes the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and proteins in inflammatory endothelial cells, and serves as a potential therapeutic agent for pulpal infection control. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between muscle synergy characteristics of the affected leg and gait stability during walking in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Wei Mengli, Zhong Yaping, Yu Tingting, Tan Xilin, Cao Sijia 2025, 29 (14):  2899-2906.  doi: 10.12307/2025.617 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (2577KB) ( 107 )   Save BACKGROUND: Existing studies have preliminarily summarized the potential association between muscle activity of the affected lower limb and gait stability during walking in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, there are some issues such as incomplete observation of muscle categories, incomplete observation of walking action phases, and failure to consider synergistic effects among multiple muscle groups, which urgently require further improvement in this study. OBJECTIVE: To monitor muscle synergy information of the affected leg during walking in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and to analyze the association between muscle synergy information and gait stability.  METHODS: Twenty-four male patients aged (21.66±4.09) years undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, were recruited. Electromyographic and center of pressure data were collected from the affected lower limb during walking. A non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm was used to extract the number of muscle synergic elements from the affected leg, the time spent in peak activation of each muscle synergic element, and the muscle relative weight indexes. Correlation analysis was then performed with the center of pressure indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Six types of muscle synergies were identified in the affected leg. The number of muscle synergic elements showed no significant correlation with the distance and speed of lateral displacement of the center of pressure. Regarding the peak activation time of muscle synergic elements, synergic element 3 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure (r=-0.413, P=0.045) and a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement velocity of the center of pressure (r=-0.470,  P=0.020). The activation time of the remaining types of muscle synergic elements was not significantly related with patient’s gait stability indices. In terms of muscle relative weights, the rectus femoris muscle of synergistic element 1 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure (r=-0.592, P=0.005) and a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement speed of the center of pressure (r=-0.529, P=0.014). Additionally, the relative weight of the biceps femoris muscle of synergistic element 3 in the dominant gait loading response period showed a significant negative correlation with the lateral displacement distance of the center of pressure  (r=-0.428, P=0.037). To conclude, the central system in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction regulates the synergistic muscle activity of the affected leg during walking to enhance gait stability in two primary ways: by prolonging the activation time of the muscle synergists during the dominant loading response period and enhancing the activation of the quadriceps muscle, in order to enhance the control of eccentric contractions of the knee joint during the landing of the affected leg and improve the stability of the knee joint; and by increasing the activation of the biceps femoris muscle during the loading response period, which increases the degree of knee flexion and enhances the lower limb's cushioning function during the landing of the affected leg. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Periodontal stress distribution of maxillary impacted canine under different working conditions: analysis based on three-dimensional finite element method  2025, 29 (14):  2907-2913.  doi: 10.12307/2025.603 Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (2455KB) ( 88 )   Save BACKGROUND: During orthodontic treatment of impacted canines, the site, angle, and force value of bonded orthodontic attachments have a large impact on the traction effect as well as periodontics, but there are fewer studies related to the appropriate traction site, angle, and magnitude of traction force values. OBJECTIVE: To analysis the periodontal stress distribution of maxillary impacted canines under different traction forces during orthodontic treatment by the three-dimensional finite element method. METHODS: Cone-beam CT scan data of a patient diagnosed with a maxillary impacted canine was selected, from which a three-dimensional finite element model including the impacted canine, maxilla, and its supporting structures was created. In the three-mentioned model, traction forces (30, 60, and 90 g) at angles of 60°, 90°, and 120° to the long axis of the tooth were applied to the incisal 1/3, middle 1/3, and cervical 1/3 of the labial surface of the crown. Von Mises stress distribution in the periodontium of the impacted canine was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was similar periodontal stress distribution of the maxillary impacted canine under different working conditions. When the force was applied in the incisal 1/3 of the canine, the Von Mises stress of the periodontium near the cervical part of the model was smaller, and the Von Mises stress of the periodontium near the cervical part of the lingual surface was larger; when the force was applied in the middle 1/3 of the canine, the Von Mises stress of the periodontium near the cervical part of the model was smaller, and the Von Mises stress of the periodontium near the cervical part of the labial surface was larger; and when the force was applied in the cervical 1/3 of the canine, the Von Mises stress of the periodontium near the cervical part of the model was smaller, and the Von Mises stress of the periodontium near the middle part of the labial surface was larger. (2) When the force was applied at the same site and angle, the maximum Von Mises stress of the periodontium tended to increase with the increase of the applied force; when the same amount of force was applied at the same angle, the maximum Von Mises stress of the periodontium at the incisal 1/3, mesial 1/3, and cervical 1/3 sites showed a decreasing trend. When the same amount of force was applied to the incisal 1/3, the maximum and minimum Von Mises stresses of the periodontium tended to decrease with the increase in the angle of the force. When the same amount of force was applied to the cervical 1/3, the maximum Von Mises stresses of the periodontium tended to increase with the increase in the angle of the force. To conclude, traction of the maxillary impacted canine should try to bond the brackets as close as possible to the cervical region. The direction of traction is associated with the site of traction. The traction force of the maxillary impacted canine is generally between 30-60 g. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lijin manipulation alleviates fibrosis of injured skeletal muscle in rabbits Li Kaiying , Wei Xiaoge, Zhao Zhenning , Song Fei, Yang Nan, Wang Yan, Mu Jing, Ma Huisheng 2025, 29 (14):  2914-2921.  doi: 10.12307/2025.625 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (3637KB) ( 225 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lijin manipulation can reduce fibrosis scar hyperplasia and promote skeletal muscle repair. However, improper activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can aggravate the fibrosis of injured skeletal muscle and adversely affect the repair process of skeletal muscle. To study the regulatory effect of Lijin manipulation on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is conducive to elucidate the related mechanisms of Lijin manipulation in reducing fibrosis scar hyperplasia and promoting skeletal muscle injury repair. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Lijin manipulation in promoting the repair of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits. METHODS: Forty-five healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group, model group and Lijin group with 15 rabbits in each group. Gastrocnemius muscle percussion modeling was performed in both model group and Lijin group. Lijin manipulation was performed in the Lijin group on the 3rd day after modeling, once a day, 15 minutes once. Five animals in each group were selected and killed on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after modeling. The general morphological structure of gastrocnemius was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the content of collagen fiber was observed by Masson staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, TCF, type I collagen and type III collagen in gastrocnemius muscle, and RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin and TCF. The expression of β-catenin was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression of type I collagen and type III collagen was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber amount decreased in the Lijin group (P < 0.001), and muscle fibers gradually healed. Western blot results showed that compared with the model group, the protein expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, TCF, type I collagen and type III collagen were significantly decreased in the Lijin group at all observation time points (P < 0.05), while the ratio of P-GSK3β/GSK3β was significantly increased in the Lijin group at all observation time points compared with the model group (P < 0.05). RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group, the mRNA expression levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin and TCF were significantly decreased in the Lijin group at all observation time points (P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the model group, the fluorescence intensity of β-catenin expression in the Lijin group was significantly decreased at each observation time point and gradually became similar to that in the blank group (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of type I collagen and type III collagen in the Lijin group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.01). To conclude, Lijin manipulation could inhibit the abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reduce fibrotic scar hyperplasia, and promote the repair of injured skeletal muscle. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of phenotypes and mechanistic characteristics in two mouse models of sarcopenia Jiang Qiang, Yu Jie, Geng Zixiang, Wang Ning, Guo Jia, Yang Guangyue, Wang Peige, Zhao Yongfang 2025, 29 (14):  2922-2929.  doi: 10.12307/2025.601 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (1558KB) ( 212 )   Save BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone and hindlimb suspension are commonly used methods for modeling sarcopenia in animal experiments due to their short modeling time, ease of operation, and low cost.  OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in muscle mass, strength and functional phenotypes and molecular mechanisms between two mouse sarcopenia models induced by dexamethasone and hindlimb suspension. METHODS: Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group). The normal control group received no intervention. The dexamethasone group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg/d dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution for 6 continuous days to establish sarcopenia models in mice, while mice in the hindlimb suspension group were suspended by tail harness for 16 hours, once per day, to establish sarcopenia models. Within 6 weeks after modeling, changes in body mass were monitored. After 6 weeks of modeling, mice were tested for limb grip strength, mobility (swimming test), skeletal muscle wet mass, and skeletal muscle pathological morphology. Expressions of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and catabolism indexes as well as the AMPK/FoXO3α signaling pathway were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Two weeks after modeling, both dexamethasone and hindlimb suspension groups showed a significant decrease in body mass compared with the normal control group (P < 0.001). After 6 weeks of modeling, grip strength of mice in both dexamethasone and hindlimb suspension groups was lower than that in the normal control group (P < 0.001). The wet mass of gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus muscles and the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the dexamethasone group were lower than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the hindlimb suspension group, the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle was significantly smaller in the dexamethasone group (P < 0.05), while the cross-sectional area of soleus muscle was larger in the dexamethasone group (P < 0.05). Mice in the dexamethasone group had reduced mobility when compared with those in the normal control group and the hindlimb suspension group (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the normal control group, PI3K, mTOR, AMPK, and PGC-1α mRNA expression and P-AMPK/AMPK protein were decreased in the two modeling groups (P < 0.05), and FoXO3α mRNA expression and PGC-1α and FoXO3 protein expression were elevated (P < 0.05); in the dexamethasone group, Akt1 mRNA expression was decreased (P < 0.05), while Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNA expression was elevated (P < 0.05); in the hindlimb suspension group, Akt1 mRNA expression was elevated (P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the dexamethasone group, mTOR, Akt1, and FoXO3α mRNA expression was elevated in the hindlimb suspension group (P < 0.05), while Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNA expression was decreased (P < 0.05). To conclude, both modeling methods could decrease the levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, with the dexamethasone group mediating atrophy of skeletal muscle through the dual action of ubiquitin proteasome and energy metabolism pathways, and the hindlimb suspension group inducing atrophy of skeletal muscle by mediating the energy metabolism pathway through the AMPK/FoXO3α signaling pathway, subsequently causing a reduction in mass, strength, and function of skeletal muscle.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and evaluation of three different methods for preparing rat models of lumbar disc herniation Yin Hao, Ji Meiqi, Hu Zhixiang, Wu Han, Lyu Heng, Li Shengyun, Li Lei, Zhai Chuntao, Lyu Yue 2025, 29 (14):  2930-2936.  doi: 10.12307/2025.608 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (2228KB) ( 104 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are various rat models of lumbar disc herniation used in experiments, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common modeling methods include autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation and annulus fibrosus puncture models. OBJECTIVE: To establish two autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation models (with spinous process and mastoid process excision and with transverse process and mastoid process excision) as well as an annulus fibrosus puncture model, and to compare and evaluate the characteristics of the three models. METHODS: Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 per group): sham surgery group, spinous process group, transverse process group, and annulus fibrosus puncture group. In the sham surgery group, surgical preparation was performed, the skin was incised, and the spinous process was exposed, and then sutured. In the spinous process group, L5 spinous process and transverse process were excised, and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen. In the transverse process group, L5 transverse process and transverse process were excised, and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen. In the annulus fibrosus puncture group, the transverse process was excised and annulus fibrosus puncture and intervertebral disc injection of interleukin 1β were then performed. Thermal paw withdrawal latencies were tested before and after modeling. Lumbar spine MRI was performed 2 weeks after modeling. Pathological changes in the intervertebral discs were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin-O-fast green staining. Immunofluorescence was used to observe CD68+ positive expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Thermal withdrawal threshold testing results showed that compared with the sham surgery group, pain sensitivity and tolerance time of rats decreased significantly after modeling (P < 0.05). (2) Lumbar spine MRI images showed that the spinous process and transverse process groups had obvious protrusion of nucleus pulposus tissue, which more closely resembled MRI images of patients with common lumbar disc herniation. (3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that compared with the sham surgery group, nucleus pulposus tissues in the model groups showed varying degrees of degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, and degradation of spinal cord cells, with the appearance of cystic changes, among which the annulus fibrosus puncture group had the most severe pathological changes. (4) Safranin-O-fast green staining showed that compared with the sham surgery group, the boundaries of nucleus pulposus tissues in the three model groups were blurred, with extensive inflammatory reactions and varying degrees of degeneration in the annulus fibrosus. (5) CD68+ immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with the sham surgery group, the expression of CD68+ in the model groups was higher and more widespread, with the annulus fibrosus puncture model showing the highest expression. All the three methods could be used to effectively establish rat models of lumbar disc herniation, with the annulus fibrosus puncture model established after excision of the transverse process being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model (spinous process+mastoid process), and the first two models being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model (transverse process+mastoid process). 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and evaluation of a model of chronic osteomyelitis in sheep tibia Tian Dongzi, Shen Weiwei, Li Wenshuai, Shi Jie, Deng Xiaowen, Zhao Zhengrong, Liu Dengke, Liu Taotao, Cai Maolin, Gao Qiuming 2025, 29 (14):  2937-2942.  doi: 10.12307/2025.609 Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (837KB) ( 150 )   Save BACKGROUND: The plateau environment affects the immune function and metabolic status of patients with osteomyelitis, leading to acceleration or complication of the disease process. The construction of effective and stable animal models of chronic osteomyelitis is essential for experimental studies of chronic osteomyelitis. OBJECTIVE: To establish a sheep model of chronic osteomyelitis in plateau regions for toxicity assessment and therapeutic research. METHODS: Fifteen healthy sheep were selected in this study. Sodium morrhuate and Staphylococcus aureus suspension were injected into the medullary cavity of the middle segment of the tibia to establish the chronic osteomyelitis model. General observation, body mass and temperature monitoring, blood infection index detection, radiological scoring, and microbial culture were performed for evaluation and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Local tissue swelling and lameness of the affected leg were observed in all sheep in the early stage after modeling, accompanied by varying degrees of anorexia. A slight decrease in body mass was observed in sheep 1 week after modeling, while no significant changes in body temperature were observed. (2) The erythrocyte sedimentation rate significantly accelerated 4 days after modeling (P < 0.05) and gradually returned to normal levels after 1 month. The white blood cell count showed a significant increase within 4 days after modeling and returned to normal after 1 week. The level of C-reactive protein increased significantly after modeling (P < 0.05) and remained significantly higher than normal until the end of the experiment (P < 0.05). (3) Fifteen sheep exhibited typical radiological manifestations of osteomyelitis, including unclear boundaries, irregular osteolytic lesions, and low-density bright absorption areas with interspersed necrotic bone fragments of increased and uneven density. Different degrees of periosteal reaction were observed in the cortex near the lesion. (4) Thirteen sheep were cultured for a single strain of Staphylococcus aureus, while two sheep were cultured for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings indicate that a reliable chronic osteomyelitis animal model of sheep tibia can be successfully established in plateau regions by injecting an appropriate amount of Staphylococcus aureus suspension into the medullary cavity of sheep, combined with local implantation of foreign cotton thread and sodium morrhuate. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a mouse model for alveolar type II epithelial cell-specific knockout of SENP1 gene based on the Cre-loxP recombinase system Yang Kun, Zhang Rong, Wu Yue, Lei Xiaoping, Shen Yunchuan, Kang Lan, Dong Wenbin 2025, 29 (14):  2943-2950.  doi: 10.12307/2025.604 Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (2604KB) ( 204 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previously, a SENP1 gene-silenced human alveolar epithelial cell line was successfully constructed in vitro, and the role of SENP1 in hyperoxic lung injury was investigated at the cellular level. OBJECTIVE: To construct a mouse model of alveolar type II epithelial cell-specific knockout of SENP1 gene based on the Cre-loxP recombinase system. METHODS: SENP1flox/- mice were self-crossed to obtain SENP1flox/flox and SENP1flox/- mice; Sftpc-Cre+/+ mice were crossed with wild-type mice to obtain more Sftpc-Cre+/- mice. Sftpc-Cre+/+ or offspring Sftpc-Cre+/- mice were crossed with SENP1flox/- or offspring SENP1flox/flox mice to obtain SENP1flox/-Sftpc-Cre+/- double heterozygous mice. SENP1flox/-Sftpc-Cre+/- mice were then crossed with SENP1flox/flox mice to obtain SENP1flox/floxSftpc-Cre+/- mice. The genomic DNA was extracted by tail clipping and amplified by PCR. The amplified product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the mouse genotypes. Lung tissues of SENP1flox/flox and SENP1flox/floxSftpc-Cre+/- mice were subjected to immunofluorescence double-labelling and western blot assay to verify the knockdown effect of SENP1 gene. Heart, liver, lung and kidney tissues of SENP1flox/flox and SENP1flox/floxSftpc-Cre+/- mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe the histomorphology of each organ in the two groups of mice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: SENP1flox/floxSftpc-Cre+/- mice were correctly screened by agarose gel electrophoresis. Immunofluorescence double-labeling experiments showed that the mean fluorescence intensity of SENP1 was reduced in lung tissues of SENP1flox/floxSftpc-Cre+/- mice compared with that of SENP1flox/flox mice (P < 0.01) and no significant co-localization of SENP1 and Sftpc was observed (P < 0.01). Western blot results showed that SENP1 protein expression was reduced in lung tissues of SENP1flox/floxSftpc-Cre+/- mice compared with SENP1flox/flox mice (P < 0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed no significant alterations in the histomorphology of heart, liver, lung and kidney tissues in SENP1flox/flox and SENP1flox/floxSftpc-Cre+/- mice. This study successfully constructed alveolar type II epithelial cell-specific knockout SENP1 gene mice using the Cre-loxP recombinase system, which provides a good tool for the subsequent study of the role of SENP1 gene in lung diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in which alveolar type II epithelial cells are the main damage cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aerobic exercise mitigates liver fibrosis in db/db diabetes mice by regulating transforming growth factor beta/Smad pathway Huang Chaolu, Huang Yi, Wu Changyan, Li Fangfei, Li Haiyan 2025, 29 (14):  2951-2957.  doi: 10.12307/2025.611 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (2137KB) ( 109 )   Save BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise can suppress liver fibrosis in diabetic mice. However, the specific mechanism is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of aerobic exercise on liver fibrosis in db/db mice via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathway.  METHODS: 8-week-old male db/db mice and age-matched m/m mice were randomly divided into m/m control group, m/m+exercise group, db/db control group, and db/db+exercise group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in the exercise group were subjected to a 12-week aerobic exercise. After the exercise, fasting blood glucose levels were measured in mice, and glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were conducted. Mouse liver was extracted to calculate liver index and mouse eyeballs were taken to collect blood sample and detect biochemical indicators. Masson, oil red O and Hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to detect and analyze the pathological changes in mouse liver tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and p-Smad3. Western blot analysis was applied to determine the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1, Smad3, p-Smad3, α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen and type III collagen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the m/m group and m/m+exercise group, body mass, liver mass, liver index, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and creatine kinase levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01), but the high-density lipoprotein level significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the db/db group; the protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, p-Smad3, α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen and type III collagen significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the db/db group; the area under curve of glucose and insulin tolerance tests significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the db/db group; and pathological staining of the liver in the db/db group showed extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells, increased lipid droplets, and significant fibrosis. In the db/db+exercise group, aerobic exercise could significantly reduce body mass, liver mass, liver index, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and creatine kinase levels (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and increase high-density lipoprotein level (P < 0.05). Similarly, a marked decrease was observed in the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1, p-Smad3, α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen and type III collagen (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the db/db+exercise group. In addition, the area under the curve of glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and pathological changes in liver tissues were significantly improved. In conclusion, aerobic exercise can attenuate liver fibrosis in diabetic mice, which may be related to the regulation of the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ban’s Culuan Zhuyun Decoction improves oocyte quality in polycystic ovary syndrome mice Li Mingxing, Yue Xiaolei, Chen Xiurong, Li Kangmei, Liu Yunjia, Wu Liming, Huang Yulin, Wu Yuanyuan, Bai Lin, Pan Qiaoli, He Guozhen, Yang Sufang 2025, 29 (14):  2958-2968.  doi: 10.12307/2025.602 Abstract ( 189 )   PDF (10403KB) ( 108 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is urgent to improve the study on the molecular mechanism of Ban’s Culuan Zhuyun Decoction improving oocyte quality in polycystic ovary syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Ban’s Culuan Zhuyun Decoction on oocyte quality in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome and to explore the underlying mechanisms of its intervention in polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODS: Subcutaneous injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was used to establish the polycystic ovary syndrome model in 21-day-old female Kunming mice, and the treatment was conducted for 21 consecutive days. The estrous cycle and pregnancy was recorded. ELISA was used to detect serum sex hormone levels. The rate of apoptosis in oocytes was detected using Annexin V staining. The level of reactive oxygen species in oocytes was detected using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The condition of spindle bodies and chromosomes in oocytes were detected using the immunofluorescence method. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to verify the binding properties of Ban’s Culuan Zhuyun Decoction core active components and oocyte maturation-related factors (growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 in oocytes, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Ban’s Culuan Zhuyun Decoction core active components (quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol) showed good binding activities with growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15. (2) Ban’s Culuan Zhuyun Decoction ameliorated the estrous cycle, regulated serum hormone, increased the pregnancy, decreased the rate of apoptosis, declined the level of reactive oxygen species, diminished the rate of abnormal spindle assembly and chromosome loss (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); and promoted the mRNA and protein expression of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (P < 0.05). Therefore, Ban’s Culuan Zhuyun Decoction may improve the oocyte quality and increase the fertility of polycystic ovary syndrome mice by regulating the gene expression of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanisms of total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and experimental validation in zebrafish  Gu Yufeng, Deng Bingying, Li Niren, Zeng Yixuan, Lu Sifan, Zhu Chen, Chen Lei, Liu Yi 2025, 29 (14):  2969-2978.  doi: 10.12307/2025.612 Abstract ( 194 )   PDF (3565KB) ( 175 )   Save BACKGROUND: Total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-hepatic injury, but the therapeutic effects and mechanisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are not clear.  OBJECTIVE: To reveal the mechanism of total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using bioinformatics, network pharmacology and zebrafish experimental validation.  METHODS: A zebrafish model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was constructed to observe lipid accumulation, pathomorphologic changes, and expression of inflammatory genes in the liver of zebrafish after treatment with total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens. The active ingredients of total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related targets were obtained from TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, and Bat-man databases. STRING was used to perform protein-protein interaction network analysis, GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Based on the GSE33814 dataset, the differentially expressed genes of total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease intersection targets were screened out. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were performed using R4.3.2 software. Core genes were verified by the validation set GSE89632. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were performed to verify the expression of core pathway-related genes and proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens could improve lipid accumulation in the liver of zebrafish with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, significantly inhibited the elevation of lipid and aminotransferase levels in zebrafish (P < 0.05), and regulated the expression of genes related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. (2) A total of 168 common targets were obtained using the network pharmacology, and top 10 core genes, identified by cytoscape topology analysis, were HSP90AA1, STAT3, PIK3R1, MAPK1, AKT1, RXRA, PIK3CA, EGFR, JAK2, and ESR1. GO and KEGG analysis pathways mainly included insulin resistance, lipids, and atherosclerosis. There were a total of 59 differentially expressed genes after intersection of total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease targets. The receiver operating characteristic curve and validation set analyses yielded six core targets that were significantly different between healthy individuals and patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (P < 0.01). (3) RT-PCR and western blot results verified that total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens inhibited the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in zebrafish. To conclude, total flavonoids from Sophora flavescens may alleviate the inflammatory response through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus inhibiting lipid accumulation and improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hyperbaric oxygen intervention eliminates exercise-induced fatigue in a high-intensity interval training shock microcycle Pei Yunxiang, Wu Hao 2025, 29 (14):  2979-2988.  doi: 10.12307/2025.396 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (4604KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen, as one of the emerging means of fatigue elimination, has been increasingly valued and applied in the field of sports. However, there are fewer studies on the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention on fatigue elimination after high-intensity interval training shock microcycle. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention on the elimination of exercise-induced fatigue in the high-intensity interval training shock microcycle, and to study the corresponding mechanisms in terms of blood biochemical markers and metabolomics. METHODS: Twenty male college students were recruited from the Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, and randomly divided into a control group (n=10) and a hyperbaric oxygen group (n=10). Both groups underwent high-intensity interval training shock microcycle training for 2 weeks, a total of 12 sessions, with the following specific training program: warming up at 50% of the maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, and then pedaling at 90%-95% of the maximum heart rate for 4 minutes, repeating the program for 5 sessions, with a rest period of 2.5 minutes in between sessions, and finally pedaling at 50% of the maximum heart rate for 30 minutes. Subjects in the control groups recovered naturally after training, and those in the hyperbaric group recovered from training with hyperbaric oxygen, 60 minutes each, at a pressure of 131.722 kPa. Blood biochemical markers and metabolomics data were analyzed and rating of perceived exertion was performed before, during and at 1 and 3 days after the experiment. Oxidative stress indicators and fatigue monitoring indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Regarding exercise-induced fatigue indicators, the control group showed varying degrees of increase in blood uric acid, creatine kinase, interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion after training, while the hyperbaric oxygen group exhibited minimal changes in blood uric acid, creatine kinase, interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion after training. Additionally, blood uric acid, creatine kinase, and interleukin 6 levels in the control group were significantly higher than those in the hyperbaric oxygen group at 1 day after training. (2) In the control group, superoxide dismutase levels decreased, while malondialdehyde levels increased after training. Conversely, in the hyperbaric oxygen group, superoxide dismutase levels increased, while malondialdehyde levels decreased after training. (3) Superoxide dismutase levels showed a negative correlation with blood uric acid, interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion, while malondialdehyde levels exhibited a positive correlation with interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion. (4) In the metabolomics analysis, significant changes were observed in the metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Differential metabolites enriched in these pathways included arachidonic acid, prostaglandin D2, leukotriene D4, etc. To conclude, the high-intensity interval training shock microcycle induces oxidative stress, leading to exercise-induced fatigue in the body. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention can partially ameliorate oxidative stress levels and cause arachidonic acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby reducing oxidative damage, regulating inflammatory responses, promoting tissue repair, and alleviating exercise-induced fatigue. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different types of taping on ankle joint kinesiology during walking in patients with chronic ankle instability Liu Qing, Ma Gang, Cao Jianling, Zhang Yu, Xiong You, He Ruibo 2025, 29 (14):  2989-2994.  doi: 10.12307/2025.606 Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (1304KB) ( 145 )   Save BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic ankle instability tend to overpronate when walking, which increases the risk of ankle sprain during the stance phase of the walking cycle. Clinicians often use Kinesio taping or athletic taping for ankle taping. Since Kinesio taping is elastic and athletic taping cannot be stretched, there are differences in technical applications and physiological mechanisms between them, which may result in different rehabilitation effects.  OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of Kinesio taping and athletic taping on the frontal plane of the foot motion and the horizontal plane of the tibia motion in patients with chronic ankle instability during the stance phase of walking.  METHODS: Forty patients with chronic ankle instability were randomly divided into Kinesio taping group and athletic taping group. In the Kinesio taping group, two patches were pasted from the inside to the outside of the hind foot to generate pulling tension that facilitates foot eversion; in the athletic taping group, ankle locking basket taping was used. Walking tests were conducted on an electric treadmill before and after taping. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to obtain the kinematic parameters of the subjects’ foot and tibia.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After taping, in the Kinesio taping group, the foot valgus angle increased in the early stance phase (P < 0.05), but there was no effect on foot position in the late stance phase (P > 0.05). After taping, in the athletic taping group, internal rotation of the tibia increased in the late stance phase (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant change in tibial position in the early stance phase (P > 0.05). To conclude, compared with athletic taping, Kinesio taping can provide a flexible pulling force that is beneficial for foot eversion in the early stance phase of the gait cycle, while not restricting normal foot inversion in the late stance phase. Therefore, Kinesio taping may be a practical rehabilitation therapy for patients with chronic ankle instability, correcting abnormal motion of the ankle joint without restricting its natural motion. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical changes of the lower limbs in table tennis players with different foot contact patterns of table tennis forehand loop Jin Pengfei, Ren Jie 2025, 29 (14):  2995-3001.  doi: 10.12307/2025.607 Abstract ( 209 )   PDF (1722KB) ( 158 )   Save BACKGROUND: Exploring the effects of foot contact patterns based on footwork on the joint movement characteristics of human lower limbs in table tennis can provide a scientific basis for guiding lower limb training. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in kinematic and kinetic characteristics of table tennis athletes under different ground contact patterns.  METHODS: Motion capture system and three-dimensional force platform were used to synchronously collect kinematic and kinetic data of the dominant side lower limb of 17 professional table tennis athletes in normal foot contact pattern and full-foot contact pattern. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the statistical differences in discrete metrics such as joint angles, ground reaction forces, joint reaction forces, and joint moments. Statistical parametric mapping was employed to analyze the statistical differences in continuous time-series data, such as the movement trajectory of the center foot of pressure and the knee joint moments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the normal foot contact pattern, knee internal rotation, lateral ground reaction force, knee vertical reaction force, and knee extension moment were significantly higher than those in the full-foot contact pattern. (2) In the 89%-91% movement phase of the distance traveled by the plantar center of pressure, the center of pressure in the normal foot contact pattern was significantly farther away from that in the full-foot contact pattern. (3) In the 23%-38% movement phase of the X-axis torque curve, the knee extension moment in the normal foot contact pattern was significantly higher than that in the full-foot contact pattern. (4) In the 8%-18% phase of the Y-axis torque curve, the knee extension moment in the full-foot contact pattern was significantly higher than that in the normal foot contact pattern. By comparing the difference in lower limb biomechanical characteristics between different ground contact patterns and statistical parametric mapping analysis results, the full-foot contact pattern may be an important factor affecting athletes’ performance. It is necessary to adjust and practice the touch patterns to avoid the use of full-footed touch patterns to improve the lower limb athletic ability of table tennis athletes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electromyographic biofeedback therapy and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury Liang Jiajia, Sun Jiaojiao, Liu Wenjie, Xing Zheng, Li Qi, Li Qingwen, Chu Xiaolei 2025, 29 (14):  3002-3010.  doi: 10.12307/2025.624 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (1747KB) ( 241 )   Save BACKGROUND: Electromyographic biofeedback therapy has demonstrated unique advantages of non-invasive, real-time feedback, personalized treatment and promotion of neuroplasticity, and can promote the recovery of motor function in patients with spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To review the current application status and therapeutic effects of electromyographic biofeedback combined with exercise therapy, robotic exoskeletons, and virtual reality technology in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from CNKI and PubMed databases up to May 2024. The search terms included “spinal cord injury, EMG biofeedback, physical therapy, robotic exoskeleton, VR, motor function, exercise” in both English and Chinese. Finally, 71 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechanisms by which electromyographic biofeedback therapy promotes spinal cord injury rehabilitation include promoting neural plasticity changes, strengthening neuromuscular connections and improving movement patterns. Electromyographic biofeedback, as an emerging tool for treating spinal cord injury, is often used in conjunction with other therapeutic methods, including exercise therapy, robotic exoskeletons, and VR, to promote the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. The effectiveness of combination therapy has been significantly improved. However, there are still some problems and challenges, such as the lack of detailed analysis of the mechanism, the lack of large-scale trials that provide strong evidence for combined efficacy, and the limited adaptability of the technology. Future research can focus on these aspects: to improve the personalization and accuracy of electromyographic biofeedback; to develop new rehabilitation equipment and expand the application areas of electromyographic biofeedback combined with more advanced technologies or engineering equipment; to apply electromyographic biofeedback to gait training systems, respiratory training systems, and limb-linkage rehabilitation systems, so as to improve the accuracy of the feedback and the effect of personalized treatment plans. At the same time, the ease of use and comfort of the equipment will be improved. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Collagen metabolism imbalance in intervertebral disc degeneration Dong Yizhi, Song Xinyue, Yao Mingyu, Zhu He, Wu Ruixia, Du Yaxin, Zhu Yong 2025, 29 (14):  3011-3019.  doi: 10.12307/2025.621 Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (1370KB) ( 208 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc degeneration is a common disease that causes lower back pain and lower limb neurological symptoms. The balance of collagen metabolism plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral discs. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in the imbalance of collagen metabolism in intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: The first author searched for relevant literature published before May 2024 in CNKI, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Search terms were “degenerative disc disease,” “collagen metabolism,” “collagenase family,” “collagen synthesis related factors,” and “collagen breakdown related factors” in Chinese and English. Seventy-six articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the process of intervertebral disc degeneration, the balance of collagen metabolism plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the normal intervertebral disc. When intervertebral disc degeneration occurs, a large amount of pro-inflammatory factors, collagenase, and oxidative stress reactions occur in the intervertebral disc, which increases the breakdown of collagen in the intervertebral disc. At the same time, it inhibits the generation of growth factors, collagen synthase, and collagen synthesis-related factors, resulting in a decrease in collagen synthesis in the intervertebral disc. The combined effect of the above two conditions disrupts the balance of collagen metabolism in the intervertebral disc, further exacerbating the process of intervertebral disc degeneration. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between ferroptosis and peripheral nerve injury Lyu Lijie, Yuan Yiming, Wang Yan, , Pei Fei, 2025, 29 (14):  3020-3026.  doi: 10.12307/2025.616 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (1147KB) ( 208 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been confirmed that ferroptosis is closely related to the mechanism of various nervous diseases. However, the pathological mechanisms of ferroptosis and peripheral nerve injury need to be further studied and clarified. OBJECTIVE: To review the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: The articles related to ferroptosis and nervous system injuries were searched in CNKI and PubMed databases from database inception to May 2024. The keywords were “ferroptosis, peripheral nerve injury, antioxidant defense system, Schwann cells, macrophage, neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain” in Chinese and English, respectively. Sixty eligible articles were finally included for review.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The occurrence of ferroptosis is closely related to abnormal intracellular iron metabolism, reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis occurs in both Schwann cells and macrophages after peripheral nerve injury, leading to changes in the microenvironment and further inducing diseases such as neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. Increasing studies have shown that nerve injury is closely related to ferroptosis, and inhibition of ferroptosis can promote tissue repair and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanism underlying the occurrence and regulation of ferroptosis after peripheral nerve injury. Current research on the role and regulation of ferroptosis after peripheral nerve injury is still in its infancy, and more in-depth studies are needed to provide more strategies to promote repair after peripheral nerve injury.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application prospect of brain-computer interface technology in the rehabilitation of lower limb function in stroke patients Wang Ke, Wang Lei, Li Wenshan, Gong Weijun 2025, 29 (14):  3027-3033.  doi: 10.12307/2025.613 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (1007KB) ( 92 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, brain-computer interface technology has emerged as a transformative approach in human-computer interaction by recognizing movement intentions to control external devices. This technology has been utilized in the treatment of lower limb functions after stroke, offering new hope for the rehabilitation of stroke patients.  OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the application of brain-computer interface technology in the rehabilitation of lower limb motor functions in stroke patients in recent years, and to explore the clinical application value of brain-computer interface technology in the functional rehabilitation of the lower limbs in stroke patients. METHODS: a literature search in CNKI and PubMed was conducted using “stroke, brain-computer interfaces, lower extremity” as search terms in Chinese and English, respectively, with the search time range set from January 2014 to June 2024. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Brain-computer interfaces hold promising prospects for the recovery of lower limb motor function in stroke patients, and their application in the field of rehabilitation medicine is continuously expanding. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, there are certain limitations in the acquisition of electroencephalogram signals from patients, resulting in reduced precision for brain-computer interface systems in recognizing limb movements. Current decoding methods also exhibit constraints in identifying the gait cycle and fail to accurately locate voluntary movements of the various joints and muscles of the lower limbs, impeding the application of brain-computer interface technology. Subsequent research should focus on elucidating the neural mechanisms by which brain-computer interface technology facilitates the recovery of lower limb motor functions in stroke patients, refining the technologies and devices for extracting brain motor signals, and formulating multimodal feedback for individual patients to realize more effective motor rehabilitation. These advances could propel the development of brain-computer interface technology in the field of lower limb motor function recovery, ameliorate patient rehabilitation outcomes, and elevate the quality of life. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intestinal flora, exercise intervention and respiratory diseases Yin Yue, Leng Siyi, Jin Pan, Chen Ziyang, Pu Rui 2025, 29 (14):  3034-3042.  doi: 10.12307/2025.398 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (1118KB) ( 289 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intestinal flora is a diverse and dynamic microbial community located in the human gastrointestinal tract, which plays a crucial role in maintaining human immunity and health. In recent years, the concept of “gut-lung axis” has been proposed, suggesting that intestinal flora is closely related to the lung, and exercise can regulate respiratory diseases by maintaining the balance of intestinal flora. OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between intestinal flora and different respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer, asthma and chronic pulmonary obstruction, and the influence of different exercise modes on intestinal flora and respiratory diseases, providing new ideas for an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms by which exercise regulates the role of intestinal flora in respiratory diseases. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature published from 1944 to 2024, using the search terms of “intestinal flora, gut bacteria, respiratory illness, pneumonia, lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, aerobic exercise, resistance training” in Chinese and English, respectively. Totally 101 documents were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Intestinal flora plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer, asthma and chronic pulmonary obstruction diseases. (2) Different exercise modes are closely related to intestinal flora. Aerobic exercise can play a beneficial role in the regulation of intestinal flora by improving insulin sensitivity, increasing microbial diversity and inhibiting systemic chronic inflammation. Resistance exercise can decrease the permeability of intestinal mucosa and promote the production of short-chain fatty acids. Aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise can also increase the diversity of intestinal flora and affect the composition of intestinal flora. (3) Exercise can improve respiratory diseases by regulating inflammatory response and reducing oxidative stress damage as well as improving cardiopulmonary function and exercise performance. (4) Exercise plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases by regulating intestinal flora, inhibiting inflammatory response, regulating oxidative stress, improving intestinal barrier permeability and maintaining intestinal flora homeostasis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic evolution of research topics in the field of physical activity and executive function Deng Qing, Qiu Chen, Wang Qingjun, Huang Gui, Zhang Yeting 2025, 29 (14):  3043-3050.  doi: 10.12307/2025.400 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (2508KB) ( 191 )   Save BACKGROUND: Research on physical activity and executive function continues to emerge, but no scholars have used visual tools to explore the dynamic evolution path of research topics in this field. OBJECTIVE: To explore the dynamic evolution process of research topics in the field of physical activity and executive function using bibliometrics methos, so as to clarify their development status and changes in knowledge structure. METHODS: The Web of Science database was searched by the search formula: TS=(“Physical activity” AND “Executive function*”) OR TS=(Exercise AND “Executive function*”). According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4 386 relevant documents were selected as content, and SciMAT software was used for visual analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The field of physical activity and executive function is booming, with more and more in-depth research and more room for future development. This field can be divided into four directions: executive function, children, the elderly, and intervention, and forms 11 main evolutionary paths. Topics such as “motor skills,” “lifestyle,” “aerobic exercise,” and “interventions” are likely to be the focus of future research, with the “adolescent” and “elderly” groups being the focus of research in this area. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The gut microbiota characteristics of athletes Zhang Qiuping, Xu Qian, Tian Huajun, Chu Yudan, He Junliang, Ma Guoqiang, Qiu Jun 2025, 29 (14):  3051-3060.  doi: 10.12307/2025.399 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1665KB) ( 343 )   Save BACKGROUND: Understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of the gut microbiota in athletes can help determine the optimal gut microbial composition for relevant sport events. Further investigation in this area could provide important insights for improving athletic performance and recovery as well as developing personalized nutrition prescriptions. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of gut microbiota in athletes, and to elucidate the important factors influencing the gut microbiota characteristics of athletes from the perspectives of exercise training and dietary intake.  METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases for publications from 2004 to 2024. The search terms included “microbiota, microbiome, athlete, exercise, training, diet, nutrition, dietary fiber, protein, ketogenic, fat” in English and Chinese. After excluding studies of poor quality and irrelevant content, a total of 65 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The gut microbiota of elite athletes differs from that of the general population, characterized by increased α-diversity, elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased abundance of beneficial bacteria, and enrichment of functional pathways contributing to athletic performance. (2) The type of sport and training load are closely related to the species structure and functional expression of the gut microbiota in athletes. (3) The bidirectional communication between the host and gut microbiota mediated by metabolites is an important mechanism by which exercise influences the gut microbiota. (4) Phase training typically induces adaptive changes in the gut microbiota, and alterations in the structure or function of the microbiota have lasting effects. (5) The type, quantity, and combination of macronutrients intake can significantly influence the structure and function of the gut microbiota, and interact synergistically or antagonistically with exercise training. (6) In the future, it is important to continue the exploration of the gut microbiota in athletes, clarify causal relationships, and establish new targets for exercise training interventions. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different frequencies of electrical stimulation promote recovery from peripheral nerve injury Liu Minqi, Gao Mingwei, Chu Xiaolei, Xing Zheng, Li Shihao, Ding Ning, Li Yajie, Li Qi 2025, 29 (14):  3061-3069.  doi: 10.12307/2025.620 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (1478KB) ( 272 )   Save BACKGROUND: Electrical stimulation is an effective treatment plan for peripheral nerve injuries, but different frequencies of electrical stimulation have different mechanisms and applications for promoting peripheral nerve recovery. OBJECTIVE: To systematically sort out and summarize the roles and applications of different frequencies of electrical stimulation in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries, and to deeply analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in order to find the most beneficial treatment strategy for patients’ nerve recovery. METHODS: Computer-based searches were conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases from the inception of the databases to May 2024. The search terms included “peripheral nerve injury, electrical stimulation, low frequency electrical stimulation, medium frequency electrical stimulation, high frequency electrical stimulation, TENS, interfering electricity, short wave, ultrashort wave, frequency” in both English and Chinese. Ultimately, 74 relevant documents were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Peripheral nerve injury, a common clinical disease, can cause sensory and motor dysfunction in patients. Low-frequency electrical stimulation can promote cell proliferation and accelerate the expression of nerve growth factor within the cell after electrical stimulation, promote macrophage recruitment and infiltration, accelerate the clearance of myelin debris, and promote myelin regeneration of damaged axons. Medium-frequency electrical stimulation can act on deeper tissues and is better for relieving neuropathic pain. High-frequency electrical stimulation can promote the proliferation of Schwann cells and macrophages, inhibit inflammatory factors, and rapidly recruit cells to the site of nerve injury, accelerating the speed of nerve repair. Different frequencies of electrical stimulation have their own advantages in promoting the recovery of peripheral nerve injuries, but there are still some issues, such as differences in the site of electrical stimulation and the treatment plans for various disease types. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and trends of research on animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a bibliometric visualization analysis Zhang Xiaoyun, Li Kunjian, Mo Jian, Chai Yuan, Huang Yourong 2025, 29 (14):  3070-3080.  doi: 10.12307/2025.397 Abstract ( 206 )   PDF (4965KB) ( 359 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, postmenopausal osteoporosis has been widely concerned by the society. With the gradual deepening of the research on animal models, animal models have become an important means of modern traditional Chinese medicine research as well as the experimental basis. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the current status, hotspots, and development trend of the research on animal models. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the research status, hotspots, and development trend of animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis at home and abroad, and to provide a certain theoretical foundation and reference basis for subsequent research. METHODS: Using “Subject=Postmenopausal osteoporosis AND Subject line=Mouse + Rabbit + Dog + Pig + Sheep + Monkey + Fish + Laboratory animals + Animal experimentation” in Chinese as the search formula, we searched for relevant literature published from January 1, 1999 to October 1, 2023 in CNKI and WanFang databases. Meanwhile, the articles published from January 1, 1999 to October 1, 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection database were searched using “TS=(Postmenopausal osteoporosis) AND TS=(mouse or mice or rat or rabbit or dog or swine or pig or sheep or monkey or fish or flies or “laboratory animal” or “experiment animal” as the search formula. CiteSpace software was applied to visualize and analyze the authors, institutions, countries, keywords, and literature co-citations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After analyzing and screening, 1 238 documents were included in the CNKI and WanFang databases, and 3 419 documents were included in the Web of Science Core Collection database. The overall number of articles issued since 1999 has been on an upward trend, with the highest research centrality in the United States, the highest number of articles issued in China. Moreover, the institution with the highest research centrality is the University of California. (2) After removing the keywords directly related to the article topics and synthesizing the co-occurrence frequency and centrality, “biomechanics,” “Zuo Gui Wan,” “alendronate,” “breast cancer,” and “biochemical indicators” are in the core of the research field. (3) According to the analysis of co-citations, among the top 10 cited documents, 5 of them are related to the treatment measures and clinical efficacy of postmenopausal osteoporosis. (4) Based on the analysis of keywords and co-cited literature, investigations on osteoblast formation and the mechanism of bone formation, the mechanism of metabolomics, the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, signaling pathway, parathyroid hormone treatment, and sclerostin antibody treatment are the hot research topics now and the future research trends. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics