Hyperbaric oxygen intervention eliminates exercise-induced fatigue in a high-intensity interval training shock microcycle

doi:10.12307/2025.396

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen, as one of the emerging means of fatigue elimination, has been increasingly valued and applied in the field of sports. However, there are fewer studies on the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention on fatigue elimination after high-intensity interval training shock microcycle.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention on the elimination of exercise-induced fatigue in the high-intensity interval training shock microcycle, and to study the corresponding mechanisms in terms of blood biochemical markers and metabolomics.
METHODS: Twenty male college students were recruited from the Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, and randomly divided into a control group (n=10) and a hyperbaric oxygen group (n=10). Both groups underwent high-intensity interval training shock microcycle training for 2 weeks, a total of 12 sessions, with the following specific training program: warming up at 50% of the maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, and then pedaling at 90%-95% of the maximum heart rate for 4 minutes, repeating the program for 5 sessions, with a rest period of 2.5 minutes in between sessions, and finally pedaling at 50% of the maximum heart rate for 30 minutes. Subjects in the control groups recovered naturally after training, and those in the hyperbaric group recovered from training with hyperbaric oxygen, 60 minutes each, at a pressure of 131.722 kPa. Blood biochemical markers and metabolomics data were analyzed and rating of perceived exertion was performed before, during and at 1 and 3 days after the experiment. Oxidative stress indicators and fatigue monitoring indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Regarding exercise-induced fatigue indicators, the control group showed varying degrees of increase in blood uric acid, creatine kinase, interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion after training, while the hyperbaric oxygen group exhibited minimal changes in blood uric acid, creatine kinase, interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion after training. Additionally, blood uric acid, creatine kinase, and interleukin 6 levels in the control group were significantly higher than those in the hyperbaric oxygen group at 1 day after training. (2) In the control group, superoxide dismutase levels decreased, while malondialdehyde levels increased after training. Conversely, in the hyperbaric oxygen group, superoxide dismutase levels increased, while malondialdehyde levels decreased after training. (3) Superoxide dismutase levels showed a negative correlation with blood uric acid, interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion, while malondialdehyde levels exhibited a positive correlation with interleukin 6 and the rating of perceived exertion. (4) In the metabolomics analysis, significant changes were observed in the metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Differential metabolites enriched in these pathways included arachidonic acid, prostaglandin D2, leukotriene D4, etc. To conclude, the high-intensity interval training shock microcycle induces oxidative stress, leading to exercise-induced fatigue in the body. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention can partially ameliorate oxidative stress levels and cause arachidonic acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, thereby reducing oxidative damage, regulating inflammatory responses, promoting tissue repair, and alleviating exercise-induced fatigue.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Key words: hyperbaric oxygen, high-intensity interval training shock microcycle, exercise-induced fatigue, oxidative stress, metabolomics

CLC Number:

Pei Yunxiang, Wu Hao. Hyperbaric oxygen intervention eliminates exercise-induced fatigue in a high-intensity interval training shock microcycle[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025, 29(14): 2979-2988.

Figures/Tables 10

2.1 参与者数量分析共招募20名受试者，均为首都体育学院有运动爱好的男性大学生，对照组10名，高压氧组10名。试验开始前，根据每人的空余时间，制定详细的训练课程计划表，严格按照训练计划表进行训练。有特殊情况时，提前沟通，协调训练时间，这也保证受试者人员全程参与。整个试验全程受试者依从性良好，训练过程中均未出现不良事件，没有出现受试者脱落情况。 2.2 试验流程图见图3。 2.3 运动性疲劳监控指标的变化重复测量方差分析结果显示：①血尿酸的变化：时间、组别×时间因素的效应均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)，组别效应没有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。对照组后测1值显著高于基础值(P < 0.05)，且显著高于高压氧组(P < 0.05)，而高压氧组在试验前后无显著性差异(P > 0.05)；②肌酸激酶的变化：时间、组别×时间因素的效应均有统计学意义(P < 0.001)，组别效应没有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。对照组中测和后测1值均显著高于基础值(P < 0.05)，而高压氧组仅中测值显著高于基础值(P < 0.05)，且对照组中测和后测1值显著高于高压氧组(P < 0.05)；③白细胞介素6的变化：组别×时间因素的效应有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，对照组后测2个时间点均显著高于基础值(P < 0.05)，且后测1值和后测2值显著高于高压氧组；④主观感觉疲劳量表评分的变化：时间、组别×时间因素的效应均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。两组中测和后测1值均显著高于基础值(P < 0.05)，对照组显著大于高压氧组(P < 0.05)，见表3。为了让结果清晰明了，绘制图4。 2.4 氧化应激指标的变化重复测量方差分析结果显示：①超氧化物歧化酶的变化：时间、组别、组别×时间因素的效应均有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。对照组后测1值和后测2值显著小于基础值和中测值(P < 0.05)，高压氧组2个后测点值均显著大于基础值(P < 0.05)，且后测1值和后测2值均显著大于中测值(P < 0.05)。高压氧组后测1值和后测2值均显著大于对照组(P < 0.05)；②丙二醛的变化：时间效应有统计学意义(P < 0.001)，组别、组别×时间因素的效应没有统计学意义(P > 0.05)。高压氧组后测1值和后测2值均显著小于基础值和中测值(P < 0.05)，且显著小于对照组(P < 0.05)，见表4。为了让结果清晰明了，绘制图5。 2.5 氧化应激指标与运动性疲劳重点监控指标的相关关系由表5可知，受试者超氧化物歧化酶与血尿酸呈明显负相关(r=-0.437，P=0.016)，与白细胞介素6呈明显负相关(r=-0.438，P=0.015)，与主观感觉疲劳量表评分呈明显负相关(r=-0.855，P=0.000)；受试者丙二醛与白细胞介素6呈明显正相关(r=0.404，P=0.027)，与主观感觉疲劳量表评分呈明显正相关(r=0.671，P=0.000)。 2.6 代谢组学变化 2.6.1 基峰色谱图经色谱分离流出的组分不断进入质谱，质谱连续扫描进行数据采集，得到的图谱即为基峰色谱图。该基峰质谱图各组别趋势高度相似，进一步证实数据集的高质量、可靠性和适用性，见图6。其中对照组标注Aa，高压氧组标注Ca。 2.6.2 多元统计分析在基于质谱技术的代谢组学研究中，为了获得可靠且高质量的代谢组学数据，需进行质量控制(QC)[19]。该研究在LC-MS检测时利用质量控制样本进行质控，见图7；质量控制样本中，相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation，RSD) < 30%的特征峰比例能达到65%左右，说明数据良好[17]。该研究RSD < 30%的特征峰比例分别能达到85.4%和79.2%，表明试验数据可靠，见图8；OPLS-DA Splot图从另一个角度提供了有关代谢分子的重要性信息。Splot图主要用于识别与生物学过程中主要成分(也即Y矩阵)相关性强的代谢物。图中越靠近两个角(右上角和左下角)的代谢物其重要程度越高。该研究"

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