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08 December 2019, Volume 23 Issue 34 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Minimally invasive treatment of acute scaphoid fracture with titanium hollow compression screw Han Quan, Xiong Jian, Wang Yanhua, Dang Yu, Zhang Peixun, Fu Zhongguo, Zhang Dianying, Wang Tianbing 2019, 23 (34):  5413-5417.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1946 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (17807KB) ( 97 )   Save BACKGROUND: Surgery is one of the main methods for the treatment of acute scaphoid fracture. But it is still controversial whether percutaneous titanium hollow compression screw internal fixation is reliable for the treatment of non-displaced or slightly displaced scaphoid fractures. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the efficacy of closed reduction and percutaneous hollow compression screw internal fixation in the treatment of scaphoid fractures. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with scaphoid fractures who received closed reduction and percutaneous hollow compression screw internal fixation surgery in the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Peking University People’s Hospital, China between January 2010 and July 2018 were included in this study. All of them underwent preoperative X-ray and CT examination to make diagnosis and clarify classification. They were followed up for over 3 months. Postoperative X-ray examination was also performed to identify fracture healing. Modified Mayo wrist function score was used to evaluate postoperative efficacy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scaphoid fractures healed successfully in all patients, with an average healing time of (9.10±3.03) weeks. The average time for patients to resume daily work or study was (7.00±4.08) days. According to the modified Mayo clinic score, excellent healing was found in 16 patients, good healing in 4 patients, and fair healing in 1 patient, with the excellent and good rate of 95.2%. Patients with Herbert type B1 (n=6) had lower postoperative Mayo pain score than those with A2 (n=5) and B2 (n=10) (P < 0.05). This indicates that patients with B1 type had more postoperative pain. Results from this study suggest that closed reduction percutaneous titanium hollow compression screw internal fixation surgery is reliable in the treatment of acute scaphoid fracture. This study was approved by Medical Ethics Committee, Peking University People’s Hospital, China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between different types of interbody fusion cage and vertebral endplate injury in oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion Zheng Xiaoqing, Yin Dong, Gu Honglin, Liang Guoyan, Chang Yunbing 2019, 23 (34):  5418-5424.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1933 Abstract ( 552 )   PDF (28669KB) ( 99 )   Save BACKGROUND: The characteristics of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion are large interbody fusion cage, large bone contact surface and large bone grafting window, leading to strong intervertebral stability, low risk of subsidence, and high intervertebral fusion rate. These advantages make this procedure popular in the clinic. At present, there is no specific report regarding the effects of the relationship between different types of interbody fusion cage and vertebral endplate injury in oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion on postoperative imaging. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between different types of interbody fusion cage and vertebral endplate injury in oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion as well as its effect on postoperative imaging, which can help select the model of clinical cages. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 49 patients undergoing oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion in a single segment from January 2018 to January 2019 was performed. All patients provided written informed consent and this study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Patient’s imaging data and clinical data were collected and the relationship between intervertebral cages of different heights, widths and lengths with vertebral endplate injuries of surgical segments was analyzed. The effects of intervertebral cages of different heights, widths and lengths on intervertebral space height and intervertebral posterior margin height were analyzed and the effects of the relationship on postoperative imaging were evaluated. The effects of endplate injury on Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index were analyzed, and the clinical effects were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion, the height of the interbody cage used in the endplate injury was significantly higher than that in the non-injured, suggesting that the height of the interbody cage was related to endplate injury (P < 0.05). The  22 mm wide interbody cage was more ideal than the 18 mm wide one in intervertebral posterior margin height distraction, suggesting that the wider interbody cage had better postoperative imaging efficacy (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the length and width of the interbody cage with intraoperative endplate injury, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The height and length of the interbody cage had no significant effect on the vertebral space height and the intervertebral posterior margin height (P > 0.05). The endplate injury had no significant effect on the Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores (P > 0.05). 81.8% of endplate injuries occurred in the upper endplate of the lower vertebral body. These results show that the higher the height of the interbody cage, the easier the endplate is injured and more common in the upper endplate. The wider the cage to open the posterior margin of the intervertebral space is more advantageous. Two important parameters, height and width, should be taken into account in the selection of the interbody fusion cage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Magnetic verapamil nanoparticles promote peripheral nerve regeneration Zong Qiang, Xu Yanan, Qu Tianyi, Li Lijun, Hai Miti·Abuduaini, Ni Dongkui 2019, 23 (34):  5425-5429.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1952 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (22084KB) ( 89 )   Save BACKGROUND: Verapamil has been shown to effectively inhibit fibrosis and reduce scar. But its application is relatively limited in the repair of nerve scar. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of magnetic verapamil nanoparticles in the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats. METHODS: Verapamil was used as the model drug and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as drug carrier to prepare verapamil nanoparticles and its physicochemical properties were characterized. Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats (bought from Tianjin Aochen Laboratory Animals Co., Ltd., China) of specific-pathogen-free grade were chosen to establish rat models of the right sciatic nerve injury. Then these models were randomly divided into three groups: rats in the groups A and B were injected with magnetic verapamil nanoparticles via the tail vein once a week and their right lower limbs were exposed to the magnetic field for 2 hours. Rats in the group B received injection of magnetic verapamil nanoparticles via the tail vein once a week without exposure to the outside magnetic field. Rats in the group C received tail vein injection of verapamil solution once a week. The amount of verapamil injected was the same in the three groups. After 8 weeks of drug injection, electrophysiological examination of the proximal and distal sciatic nerve trunks was performed to measure the compound muscle action potential, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was also performed to observe right sciatic nerve regeneration and scar formation. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Yantai Hospital of Binzhou Medical University (approval No. F-KY-0022-20161201-01). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Magnetic verapamil nanoparticles were spherical with the mean diameter of 208.3±0.8 nm, encapsulation efficiency of (70.21±3.25)%, and drug loading rate of 5.23%, respectively. They exhibited good release effect in vitro. MRI showed that the mean T2 value of the right lower limbs of rat models of sciatic nerve injury was 327.48, and it was 235.71 in the group B and 168.79 in the group A. The nerve conduction velocity in the group A was significantly greater than that in the groups B and C (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in nerve conduction velocity between groups B and C (P > 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that in the group A, the nerve fibers in the anastomosis site were arranged neatly and there were few scars. In the groups B and C, the nerve fibers in the anastomosis site were poorly arranged and there were many scars. These results suggest that magnetic verapamil nanoparticles can promote the recovery of rat sciatic nerve injury. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of tricalcium phosphate materials with different microstructures on the expression of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway-related markers Chen Kairui, Bao Chongyun, Liu Xian, Xiao Yu, Tan Yanlin, Liu Xiupiao, Xiong Bokai, Zhang Qiang 2019, 23 (34):  5430-5435.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1960 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (24327KB) ( 172 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mechanism of osteoinduction is still unclear. The scaffold material microstructure plays a key role in the process of osteoinduction by regulating the relevant bone differentiation signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of tricalcium phosphate with different microstructures on the expression levels of related markers in non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in MG63 cells. METHODS: Tricalcium phosphate materials with different microstructures (TCP-compact, TCP-middle, TCP-big) were synthesized by controlling H2O2 foaming and sintering temperature. The microstructure of the material was confirmed by mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. At the same time, three types of tricalcium phosphate materials with different microstructures were co-cultured with MG63 cells to detect the expression of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway-related markers (Wnt5a, FZD1, ROR2, DKK1). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression levels of Wnt5a, FZD1, ROR2 and DKK1 were significantly increased in MG63 cells co-cultured with microporous materials (P < 0.05). The expressions of Wnt5a, ROR2 and DKK1 were significantly different between materials with different pore sizes (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Wnt5a, FZD1, ROR2 and DKK1 between three material groups (P > 0.05). The material microstructure affected the expression level of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The difference of the expression level of related markers was regulated by material microstructure. The larger the pore size of the material, the greater the Wnt non-canonical signaling pathway was promoted. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and evaluation of human articular cartilage-derived extracellular matrix tissue engineering scaffold Peng Liqing, Luo Xujiang, Zhang Bin, Shen Shi, Huang Bo, Gao Chao, Lu Xiaobo, Liu Shuyun, Guo Quanyi 2019, 23 (34):  5436-5441.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1439 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (22247KB) ( 131 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cartilage-derived extracellular matrix as a natural material provides an ideal microenvironment for cells that depend on tissue growth and has become an ideal scaffold material for cartilage repair. OBJECTIVE: To prepare human articular cartilage-derived extracellular matrix as a cartilage tissue engineering scaffold and to evaluate its physicochemical properties and biological properties. METHODS: The human articular cartilage tissue was collected, pulverized into homogenate, decellularized, and freeze-dried to prepare a cartilage tissue engineering scaffold. Scaffold morphology was observed under scanning electron microscope. The porosity and water absorption and mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue engineering scaffold were determined. The composition of tissue engineering scaffold was observed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Rabbit chondrocytes were cultured with the leaching liquor of human cartilage-derived extracellular matrix tissue engineering scaffold for different time periods. Routine cell culture fluid was used as control. The cytotoxicity of tissue engineering scaffold was detected by MTT colorimetry. Human chondrocytes and tissue engineering scaffold were co-cultured and cell adhesion and proliferation were observed under the scanning electron microscope and confocal microscope. The cell-scaffold complex sections were stained by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared scaffold had three-dimensional porous sponge-like longitudinally oriented structure. There were cartilage fibers around the scaffold pores. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, no nucleus was observed. Both safranin O and Sirius red staining confirmed that cartilage tissue engineering scaffold contained collagen and cartilage matrix. The porosity and water absorption of the scaffold was (91.8±2.9)% and (93.5±1.4)%, respectively. MTT results showed that the leaching liquor of human cartilage-derived extracellular matrix was non-toxic to chondrocytes. After co-culture, human chondrocytes adhered, proliferated and evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the scaffold pores. The results showed that human articular cartilage-derived extracellular matrix had similar composition to natural cartilage, provided the structure suitable for cell adhesion and proliferation, and exhibited good histocompatibility. Therefore, human articular cartilage-derived extracellular matrix can be used as a scaffold material for repairing cartilage defects by tissue engineering technique. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D printing technology in reduction and fixation of zygomatic arch fracture Ou Bangbin, Li Yingxia, Liu Tingting 2019, 23 (34):  5442-5446.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1406 Abstract ( 442 )   PDF (20521KB) ( 167 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the treatment of zygomatic arch fracture, due to the special anatomical structure of zygomatic arch and the strict requirement of maxillofacial morphology recovery, it is necessary for the operator to accurately locate the fracture location, displacement degree and fracture line to implement precise reduction and achieve ideal surgical results. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of 3D printing technology in reduction and fixation of zygomatic arch fracture. METHODS: Seventy-six patients with zygomatic arch fracture admitted to Xingyi People's Hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 were divided into two groups by random number table method. In the control group (n=38), patients received traditional open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate. In the observation group (n=38), open reduction and internal fixation with titanium plate was designed and implemented on a pre-made 3D fracture model. The fracture reduction effect was evaluated in these two groups. Complications were recorded. Prior to and 8 days after surgery, fasting venous blood was collected to detect serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. The time of bone healing was judged by imaging examination. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xingyi People's Hospital, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The excellent and good rate of fracture reduction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (92%, 76%, P < 0.05); the healing time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group [(32.83±4.26), (45.28±6.71) days, P < 0.05]. At 8 days after surgery, serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly higher than those before surgery in each group (P < 0.05). At 8 days after surgery, serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (8%, 26%, P < 0.05). The results suggest that in the treatment of zygomatic arch fracture, application of 3D printing technology can effectively enhance fracture reduction and healing, and reduce the incidence of surgery-related complications. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and property study of sustained-release osteoinductive gel Lü Dongmei, Luo Yonghua, Wan Xiaolong, Zeng Chunyu, Li Ling, He Yun 2019, 23 (34):  5447-5453.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1966 Abstract ( 466 )   PDF (29993KB) ( 86 )   Save BACKGROUND: Local application of sustained-release osteoinductive medicine to improve the healing of socket and reduce the absorption of alveolar bone after tooth extraction has been receiving increasing attention. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the best ratio of each component of the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) loaded sustained-release osteoinductive gel form the perspectives of the properties, coagulation time, viscosity of the gel and the cumulative drug release rate. METHODS: The orthogonal design method was used to investigate the effect of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to glycerol triacetate (GTA) ratio (5∶5, 6∶4, 7∶3, 8∶2, 9∶1), PLGA mass fraction (20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%), and osteoinductive gel content on the properties, coagulation time and viscosity of the gel and the cumulative drug release rate. One-way analysis of variance was used to explore the differences among different groups in the viscosity and coagulation time of the gel. Two-way analysis of variance was used to explore the differences among different groups in the cumulative drug release rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When osteoinductive gel content was 10% and PLGA mass fraction was 20%, as NMP increased and GTA decreased, gel fluidity increased, coagulation time was shortened, coagulation hardness was reduced, viscosity was reduced, and the cumulative drug release rate during the same time was increased. The gel property and performance was encouraging when the NMP to GTA ratio was at 5∶5. (2) When the NMP to GTA ratio was at 5∶5, the volume fraction of osteoinductive gel was 10%, with the mass fraction of PLGA content increased, gel fluidity was reduced, coagulation time was shortened, viscosity was increased, and gel hardness was increased, the cumulative drug release rate during the same time was decreased. The gel property and performance was encouraging when GLGA content was 40%. (3) When the NMP to GTA ratio was at 5∶5, the volume fraction of osteoinductive gel was 40%, when the volume fraction of osteogenic inducer was greater than 20%, no coagulation occurred when the gel contacted with water. When the volume fraction of osteoinductive gel was less than 20%, coagulation time was similar between groups, gel was soft, and the cumulative drug release rate during the same time was decreased. When the volume fraction of osteoinductive gel was 15%, gel had an encouraging property and performance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold combined with neural stem cells promote motor function recovery after spinal cord injury Cao Zongrui, Zheng Bo, Zhong Lin, Hu Liangcong, Zhang Xiuli, Qu bo, Jiang Tao 2019, 23 (34):  5454-5461.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1445 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (29277KB) ( 89 )   Save Abstract BACKGROUND: In recent years, collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds have been used as nerve tissue engineering scaffolds in the repair of peripheral nerves, spinal cords, and brain injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold combined with neural stem cells on motor function recovery after spinal cord injury. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rat neural stem cells were inoculated on a collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold for 7 days to construct a cell-scaffold complex. Sixty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (purchased from Chengdu Dashuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China) were randomly divided into four groups with 15 rats in each group. In the sham operation group, only T10 lamina was removed. In the model group, rat models of spinal cord injury were stablished by removing 1.5 mm long spinal cord at the level of T10 lamina. In the scaffold group, collagen/heparin sulfate scaffolds were implanted in the spinal cord injury sites. In the cell-scaffold complex group, collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold-neural stem cells complex was implanted into the injury site. At postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, BBB score and oblique plate test were performed to evaluate the recovery of limb function in rats. At postoperative 8 weeks, the motor evoked potentials of rat hind limbs were detected and the recovery of motor function was evaluated. At postoperative 8 weeks, a nuclear magnetic scan was performed on the spinal cord injury site, and a diffusion tensor imaging image was obtained to observe nerve fiber regeneration. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At postoperative 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, the BBB score and oblique plate test angle in the cell-scaffold complex group were significantly greater than those in the model and scaffold groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The amplitude of motor evoked potential in the rat hind limbs in the cell-scaffold group was significantly higher than that in the model and scaffold groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The latency in the cell-scaffold group was significantly shorter than that in the model and scaffold groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Diffusion tensor imaging revealed that nerve fibers were intact in the sham operation group and the nerve fibers around the lesions in the model group lacked continuity in different directions. In the scaffold and cell-scaffold groups, a large number of nerve fibers passed through the lesion area. The number of nerve fibers passing through the lesion area in the cell-scaffold group was higher than that in the scaffold group. These results suggest that collagen/heparin sulfate scaffold combined with neural stem cells can promote the regeneration of nerve fibers in the spinal cord injury area and improve the motor function of rat hind limbs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Force-dependent mechanism of interaction between fibronectin and αvβ6 Yang Bishan, Li Na, Li Quhuan 2019, 23 (34):  5462-5467.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1949 Abstract ( 489 )   PDF (20864KB) ( 113 )   Save BACKGROUND: Integrin αvβ6 is highly expressed on cancer cells and promotes abnormal proliferation and malignant metastasis of cancer cells. Integrin αvβ6 mediates the adhesion and migration of tumor cells through interacting with its ligand, fibronectin. This process is not only regulated by the interaction between integrin αvβ6 and fibronectin, but also adjusted by shear stress under blood flow. Therefore, it is significant to study the force-chemical mechanism of integrin αvβ6-fibronectin interaction. It will further our understanding of the process of malignant metastasis, and benefit the design of novel αvβ6-targeted drugs. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the force-regulated mechanism of cell adhesion, interaction between integrin αvβ6 and fibronectin was quantified under fluid shear stress. METHODS: The adhesive behaviors of microspheres coated with RGD fibronectin fragment on the integrin αvβ6-coated substrate under different shear forces were observed and recorded. To study the mechanism of integrin αvβ6 interacting with fibronectin, the lifetime and dissociation rate of integrin αvβ6-fibronectin bond were extracted from the instantaneous velocity-time and cumulative distance-time graphs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow-enhanced phenomenon of integrin αvβ6 interacting with fibronectin fragments was observed. Bond lifetime of integrin αvβ6-fibronectin increased first and then decreased as fluid shear force increased, while the bond dissociation rate decreased first and then increased. As the fluid shear force increased, the bond dissociation rate decreased first and then increased. The force-dependent lifetime and dissociation rate of integrin αvβ6-fibronectin bond showed that the flow-enhanced adhesion phenomenon was regulated by catch-bond mechanism. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a gene-loaded multifunctional polymer microbubble targeting breast cancer cells Lin Min, Wei Weili, He Yimi, Chen Zhikui 2019, 23 (34):  5468-5472.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1968 Abstract ( 502 )   PDF (23450KB) ( 228 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polymer microbubbles have good stability and long retention time. OBJECTIVE: To construct gene-loaded polymer microbubbles and to assess their ability to target receptors in vitro. METHODS: The microbubbles were prepared with polymers (mPEG-PLLA, PLGA-PEG-COOH and DC-Chol) as shell and PFP as core by emulsion method, then modified with herceptin and cationic polymer coated plasmid DNA to form the gene-loaded targeting polymer microbubbles. The morphology, size, and distribution were determined by optical microscopy. The rate of the polymer microbubbles conjugating with both plasmid DNA and trastuzumab-IgG-FITC was determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. When human epidermal growth factor receptor  2 (+) breast cancer cells grew to about 80% confluency, they were divided into two groups: one group was incubated with polymer microbubbles for 1 hour; the other group was pre-incubated with trastuzumab for 1 hour, and then with polymer microbubbles for another 1 hour. The ability of the microbubbles binding to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (+) breast cancer cells in vitro was detected under a microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gene-targeted polymer microbubbles were round and well dispersed, with an average particle size of (3.0±1.5) μm and they had uniform size distribution with a concentration of 8.8×1010/L. Under the fluorescence microscope, trastuzumab-IgG-FITC on the surface of gene-loaded breast cancer cells-targeting polymer microbubbles emitted green fluorescence, and plasmid DNA-PI emitted red fluorescence. Flow cytometry showed that the rate of polymer microbubbles both conjugating with plasmid DNA and trastuzumab was 96.28%. After the gene-loaded polymer microbubbles and breast cancer cells were co-incubated and for 1 hour, microscopy showed that a large number of polymer microbubbles were bound on the cell surface, and after blocking with trastuzumab, the amount of polymer microbubbles bounding to breast cancer cells was significantly reduced. The results showed that the polymer microbubbles prepared by the single emulsion method can effectively carry plasmid DNA and antibody drugs, and have good targeting function. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Motion compatibility recognition of walk-aid robot based on multi-scale permutation entropy Chen Lingling, Yang Zekun, Sun Jianjun, Zhang Cun 2019, 23 (34):  5473-5478.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1954 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (23542KB) ( 109 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the number of older adults with impaired limb motor ability continues to increase due to the influence of the environment or the deterioration of bodily functions. The decline of the lower limbs' motor ability of the older adults has made the design and development of walk-aid robot become one of current social care focus. OBJECTIVE: When the motion trajectory of walk-aid robot is inconsistent with the desired trajectory of the human, the adaptive adjustment of walk-aid robot should be realized. This study was to recognize three kinds of situations, such as too large stride, too small stride and appropriate stride. METHODS: In view of the nonlinearity and strong noise of surface electromyography, a multi-scale permutation entropy method based on wavelet decomposition was proposed to recognize three situations of man-robot’s motion compatibility. First, wavelet decomposition of collected surface electromyography signal was performed. Then, the permutation entropy was calculated for each scale of surface electromyography. Finally, Gaussian kernel support vector machine was used for pattern recognition. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After wavelet decomposition, the signal on the d5 scale could be better recognized. Among them, recognition rate was 92% for too large stride, 90% for too small stride, and 94% for appropriate stride. The average recognition rate was 92%, which was 4.67% higher than that of original surface electromyography. Wavelet decomposition also achieved better results than other commonly used multi-scale methods. Therefore, in the man-machine motion compatibility recognition, the surface electromyography signal can be decomposed by wavelet to extract the permutation entropy on each scale, which can help to increase the recognition accuracy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The competitive situation of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine based on patent analysis 2019, 23 (34):  5479-5485.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1923 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (26695KB) ( 132 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering can achieve tissue and organ regeneration, which is important for regenerative medicine and also reflects the main development direction of regenerative medicine. Patents are the most effective carriers of technical information. The patents in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are analyzed, which can provide a new research direction in this field from the perspective of information science, and also give some reference for technology development. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the global technological competition through patent analysis in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. METHODS: The global patent applications, invention patent applications and authorizations, and tripartite patent applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in nearly 20 years were analyzed to reveal the status and trends of technology development in this field from the perspectives of the number and quality of patents, regional distribution of patent applicants, patent acceptance countries/regions, patent applicants, inventors, and technical fields. This helps reveal China's technical strength in this field. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, global technique development is active, rapid, and innovative, in particularly in recent 3 years. A number of technological achievements with high market value have been produced. China's tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technology is far beyond that of the United States in terms of development scale and growth rate, and is one of the world's major technical birthplaces. China and the United States are the two most concerned target markets in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine field, and increasing attention has been paid to the Chinese market. The scale of technological development in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in many universities in China ranks among the top in the world. Chinese inventors have achieved outstanding research results in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sustained-release properties and histocompatibility of ropivacaine-coated polyethylene glycol/polylactic acid microspheres implanted around the sciatic nerve Wu Bo, Li Xiangkui, Wang Hua, Wen Zhiyuan 2019, 23 (34):  5486-5491.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1953 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (26510KB) ( 88 )   Save BACKGROUND: The polyethylene glycol/polylactic acid (PEG/PLA) microspheres encapsulated by ropivacaine were prepared by oil in water emulsion solvent evaporation method. In vitro experiments showed that the prepared PEG/PLA microspheres have good pharmacodynamics and in vitro sustained release performance. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the in vivo sustained-release properties and histocompatibility of PEG/PLA microspheres encapsulated by ropivacaine. METHODS: PEG/PLA microspheres encapsulated by ropivacaine were prepared by oil in water O/W emulsion solvent evaporation method. A total of 150 male Wistar rats were provided by Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, China and randomly divided into three groups (n=50/group). In the blank control group, PEG/PLA microspheres without ropivacaine encapsulation were implanted into the space surrounding the sciatic nerve on one side. In the common drug group, ropivacaine hydrochloride was injected into the space surrounding the sciatic nerve. In the sustained release drug group, PEG/PLA microspheres encapsulated by ropivacaine were implanted into the same region. The dose of ropivacaine used in the common drug and ropivacaine hydrochloride groups was the same. At 10 and 30 minutes, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30 and 48 hours after drug administration, the sensory block of rat sciatic nerve was evaluated by hot pedal test, the motor block of the sciatic nerve was observed by tail-lifting test, and serum concentration of ropivacaine was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. At 1 week after surgery, change in rat body mass was evaluated, and the pathological changes of rat sciatic nerve as well as its surrounding tissue and the important organs such as the heart, liver, lung, kidney, and spleen were observed. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the common drug group, sciatic nerve sensory and motor block appeared 30 minutes after drug administration. The sensory block disappeared at 7 hours, and the nerve block disappeared at 10 hours. In the sustained-release drug group, sciatic nerve sensory and motor block occurred 3 hours after drug administration, and the nerve block disappeared at 48 hours. In the common drug group, serum concentration of ropivacaine gradually increased, peaked at 1 hour after drug administration, then rapidly decreased, and was non-detectable at 7 hours. In the sustained-release drug group, serum concentration of ropivacaine was gradually increased to a greater extent at 3 hours, peaked at 10 hours, then gradually decreased, and maintained at a relatively low concentration at 48 hours. In the drug sustained-release group, no respiratory depression, convulsion, asphyxia or death were observed. In addition, incisions healed normally, the increase in body mass was not affected. No obvious structural abnormalities and pathological changes were observed in important organs such as the heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen. No obvious necrosis, infection and tissue fibrosis were observed in the muscle tissue on the donor side. No obvious pathological changes were observed in the nerve tissue. These results suggest that PEG/PLA microspheres encapsulated by ropivacaine have good sustained-release properties and histocompatibility in vivo. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the fixation effects of three kinds of fixatives on mouse eyeball tissue Sun Liang, Xu Lin 2019, 23 (34):  5492-5496.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1414 Abstract ( 865 )   PDF (20831KB) ( 145 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fixative is a major factor affecting the quality of pathological sections. To optimize the conditions of pathological observation of eyeball tissue, a relatively simple, practical, and reliable fixative is required. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of three fixative solutions on paraffin sections of mouse eyeball tissues and optimize the fixation methods. METHODS: Thirty eyeballs of BALB/c mice (Jinan Pengyue Experimental Animal Breeding Co., Ltd., China) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 eyeballs/group). The harvested eyeballs were fixed in three kinds of fixatives separately, namely formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative (group A), Davidson’s fixative (group B) and 10% formaldehyde fixative (group C). Twenty-four hours later, specimens were prepared for hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the fixation effects were compared. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, China (approval No. sdsldsyy-m-201801006). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The eyeballs of each group were all slightly contracted and deformed. Hematoxlyin-eosin staining revealed that in the group A, the eyeball wall was shrunk; the tissue structure of the lens was relatively complete and clear without fragments in the center, and cells arranged well; large gaps appeared between corneal fibroblasts; retinal tissue was clearly detached and separated, with cells in each layer unclear; obvious blank fissures were visible between cells. In the group B, the retinal was slightly thinned, the layered arrangement was flat, with no obvious loss or shedding; the cells in each layer were arranged neatly, the nuclear membrane of each layer of the nucleus was clear, the cells did not shrink or expand; the layers of the cornea were intact and had no obvious structural changes, with no peeling phenomenon; the structure of each corneal layer was clear with no crack; different degrees of fragmentation and peeling were observed in the center of the lens, with discontinuous staining. In the group C, the corneal tissue was slightly contracted, the layers of the corneal epithelium were relatively neat, the layers were relatively clear; the lens and retinal structure were basically intact, but the lens tissue shrank and ruptured; vacant space formed, cells were arranged in disorder, retinal tissue fell off, the layers were arranged evenly; cell structure was basically clear, and obvious blank fissures were visible between cells. These results suggest that for hematoxylin-eosin staining, Davidson’s fixative is ideal for the fixation of the cornea and retina and formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative is better for fixing mouse eyeball lens tissue.    Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of 3D printed three-dimensional porous marine shell/cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material Lou Yi, Zhang Zhiwen 2019, 23 (34):  5497-5502.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1936 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (24975KB) ( 272 )   Save BACKGROUND: The development of artificial bone has become a hot spot in bone tissue engineering. Clinical practice has proved that single component bone materials can not meet the clinical needs very well. Therefore, the development and application of composite scaffold materials have been paid more concern. OBJECTIVE: To prepare three-dimensional porous marine shell/cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material by 3D printing technology and investigate its biocompatibility. METHODS: The porous marine shell/ cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material was prepared by 3D printing technology. Its composition, microstructure and mechanical strength of the material were investigated. The toxicity of porous marine shell/lugua polypeptide bioscaffold materials to osteoblasts was detected by inverted microscopy and CCK-8 assay. The growth and adhesion of osteoblasts on the porous marine shell/ cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The biocompatibility of porous marine shell/cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material was determined by acute toxicity test, muscle implantation test and bone defect implantation experiment. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Military Medical University, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The porous marine shell/cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material was mainly composed of calcium carbonate and biological polypeptide, with 10 MP or more compressive strength, more than 85%porosity, and 50-100 μm pore diameter. Osteoblasts grew well in the porous marine shell/cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material, and cell viability was strong. The cytotoxicity of the scaffold material was grade 1. Osteoblasts could adhere and proliferate on the surface of the scaffold material. The scaffold material could be degraded in vivo, did not cause systemic toxicity in animals, had no muscle stimulation reaction, and could promote the repair of bone defects. These results suggest that porous marine shell/cervus and cucumis polypeptide composite scaffold material has excellent mechanical properties, three-dimensional spatial structure, good cytocompatibility and histocompatibility.   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of sulforaphane on mitophagy-related proteins in nanobacteria-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis Pu Daojing, Zheng Fu, Xu Xianshun, Ding Wenjuan, Chen Yan, Zou Zhaoyin 2019, 23 (34):  5503-5507.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1484 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (17376KB) ( 110 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sulforaohane has been shown to effectively improve the oxidative stress injury of renal tubular epithelial cells and inhibit the cell apoptosis to protect against renal tubular epithelial cell damage. However, the effect of sulforaohane on the mitophagy in renal tubular epithelial cells needs to be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of sulforaphane on apoptosis- and mitophagy-related proteins in nanobacteria-induced renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) apoptosis. METHODS: The study was in accordance with the ethics requirements of the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Nanobacteria were from the urine of patients with kidney stone receiving no administration or undergoing surgery at Department of Urology, the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and the patients signed the informed consents. HK-2 cells were divided into three groups, control group, nanobacteria-infected group, and sulforaphane intervention group (treated with nanobacteria and 30 μmol/L sulforaphane). The relative survival rates of HK-2 cells were determined using cell counting kit-8. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate of HK-2 cells. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and proteins including PINK1, Parkin, LC3-II, LC3-I associated with mitophagy mediated by phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The inhibition of nanobacteria-induced cell proliferation was effectively lightened by sulforaphane (P < 0.05). (2) The expression levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and mitophagy-associated proteins PINK1 and Parkin and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in HK-2 cells were up-regulated by nanobacteria (P < 0.05), and then were significantly down-regulated by sulforaphane (P < 0.05). The expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in HK-2 cells were down-regulated by nanobacteria (P < 0.05), and then was significantly up-regulated by sulforaphane (P < 0.05). (3) In summary, sulforaphane can inhibit the apoptosis of nanobacteria-induced renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2, and alleviate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of smart responsive hydrogel as a drug delivery system Cui Yutao, Liu He, Ji Xuan, Leng Yi, Ren Zhenxiao, Li Zuhao, Wu Dankai 2019, 23 (34):  5508-5515.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1956 Abstract ( 722 )   PDF (48607KB) ( 147 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hydrogels play an important role in sustained release and targeted delivery of drugs. Because of the large variations in physiological conditions between normal microenvironment and diseased sites, normal hydrogels may not achieve the desired goals in a complex pathological microenvironment. Therefore, polymeric materials with environmentally responsive functions are highly desirable for drug delivery. OBJECTIVE: We will introduce recent studies on stimuli-responsive hydrogels, describe the strategies of hydrogel synthesis and their application in drug delivery, and finally discuss the current research focus and future trends. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Wanfang and CNKI databases with the search terms “responsive hydrogel, temperature-responsive hydrogel, pH-responsive hydrogel hydrogel, drug delivery” for relevant papers published from 2007 to 2019. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Initially, 352 papers were retrieved, and finally 62 of them were selected for further analysis. Environment-responsive intelligent hydrogels can be designed according to microenvironment changes such as temperature rising, pH value decreasing, overexpression of specific enzymes, and aggregation of redox agents. Changes in environment can reduce hydrogen bonds, increase charge repulsion, break chemical bonds, and other physical and chemical properties, thus causing hydrogel to shrink, swell, or degrade. After therapeutic drugs are loaded on the intelligent hydrogel, the environment-responsive changes in physical and chemical properties of the intelligent hydrogel can promote the release of drugs, thus treating local diseases and improving the imbalance of microenvironment. This local drug release therapy provides a new treatment method for various diseases such as tumors, skin diseases and bone defects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffold Wang Kai, Zheng Shuang, Pan Su, Zhang Heng, Zhang Wei, Wang Haosheng, Yang Xiaoyu, Fu Chuan 2019, 23 (34):  5516-5522.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1447 Abstract ( 498 )   PDF (38408KB) ( 298 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the repair of bone defects, it is often necessary to implant the bone scaffold material to restore the corresponding tissue structure at the injury site. 3D printing technology can accurately simulate human bone morphology and can be applied to bone tissue repair and reconstruction, which provides a new solution for bone defect repair. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the preparation technology and material selection of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffold, and to summarize its application in bone defect repair. METHODS: The authors retrieved PubMed, Web of Science, Springerlink, Medline, Wanfang and CNKI databases with “3D printing materials, 3D printing technology, bone defect, bone tissue engineering, active substances, clinical application” as search terms for relevant articles published from 2009 to 2019. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, the bone tissue engineering scaffold prepared by the 3D printing technology has the unique advantages of individualization, accurate internal structure and can overcome the defects such as poor controllability of the internal structure of the conventional scaffold, mismatch between the shape and the defect. The emergence of 3D printing technology provides a new solution to the problems encountered in the preparation of the above traditional bone tissue scaffold. The 3D printing technology applied to the preparation of bone tissue scaffold mainly includes fused deposition molding, selective laser sintering, and biological 3D printing with relatively large attention in recent years. At present, the more commonly used 3D-printed materials are mainly metal, bioceramic, high molecular polymer and the composite materials composed of various materials. 3D printed bone tissue scaffold can not only shorten the time of surgery and recovery in clinical bone defect treatment, but also plays an important role in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative rehabilitation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electroactive biomaterials in tissue engineering research Xiong Ying, Xu Yan, Zhou Jianping, Zhang Xujing, Wang Kedian 2019, 23 (34):  5523-5530.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1970 Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (43950KB) ( 126 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that human tissue is closely related to bioelectricity. Therefore, in-depth research on the establishment of cell and tissue electrical microenvironment of materials is a breakthrough for achieving perfect repair and regeneration of defective tissues. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of electroactive biomaterials in tissue engineering. METHODS: Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched to retrieve papers addressing on the research and application of electroactive biomaterials (conductive polymers, piezoelectric materials and carbon-based materials) in tissue engineering published from January 2006 to March 2019. The search terms were "electroactive biomaterials, conductive polymers, piezoelectric materials, carbon-based materials, tissue engineering" in Chinese and “electroactive biomaterials, composite materials, piezoelectric materials, carbon-based materials, tissue engineering” in English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Electroactive biomaterials possess certain biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and signal transmission ability, which can make up for the shortcomings of current biomaterials in regulating cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. So it has a good application prospect in the field of tissue engineering. However, it has some disadvantages such as poor degradation performance and poor mechanical property, which restrict its application. Therefore, it is necessary to fully grasp the characteristics of electroactive biological materials and their advantages and disadvantages, so as to produce the structure and function to the largest extent similar to those of natural tissues, which provide a good electrophysiological microenvironment for cell differentiation and tissue regeneration, and finally intelligently regulate cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Self-assembling peptide hydrogels and bone tissue construction Xiong Na, Liu Yanfei, Wei Wei 2019, 23 (34):  5531-5537.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1446 Abstract ( 459 )   PDF (38684KB) ( 81 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional biomaterials, self-assembling peptide hydrogels have been widely used in three-dimensional cell culture, drug/protein release, tissue engineering, hemostasis and antibacterial agents because of its good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, high water content, and the degradation product amino acids that can be absorbed and utilized by organism. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of self-assembling peptide hydrogel in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based search of CBM, CNKI, PubMed and Elsevier was performed for retrieving articles concerning self-assembling peptide hydrogels in bone tissue engineering published from 2000 to 2019. The search terms were “self-assembling peptides, hydrogels, bone defect, osteoblasts, bone tissue engineering, biomaterials” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Self-assembling peptide hydrogels have the structure similar to the natural extracellular matrix. The structure has the advantages of being programmable, low cost, good biocompatibility, and nontoxic degradation products. It can enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) as well as other seed cells and promote bone healing and regeneration. Therefore, self-assembling peptide hydrogels can be used as scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering to participate in the repair of bone defects. However, the low pH of self-assembling peptide hydrogels may damage cells, so different biologically active sequences should be designed to modify the peptide to enhance its biological activity, biocompatibility, and biostability. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D printing technology in hip diseases Huang Youyi, Yuan Wei 2019, 23 (34):  5538-5543.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1969 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (32858KB) ( 107 )   Save BACKGROUND: Because the pelvic has complex anatomical structure and is adjacent to many important organs, blood vessels, and nerves, so it is difficult to treat complex hip diseases by traditional methods. The use of 3D printing technology has significantly increased the success rate of surgery and patient satisfaction for these diseases. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application effects of 3D printing technology in the treatment of hip diseases. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved by computer. The search terms were "3D printing, development dysplasia of the hip, DDH, pelvic fracture, acetabular fracture, pelvic tumor, acetabular tumor, replacement or the hip joint" in Chinese and English. The retrieval time was from January 2000 to March 2019. A total of 103 articles were retrieved. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 articles were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The advantage of 3D printing is that it does not require molds and directly creates complex geometric molds or models through digital technology. The application of 3D printing technology in the development of developmental hip dysplasia, complex pelvic and acetabular fractures and hip joint tumors significantly improve patient satisfaction and reduce complications. Therefore, the use of 3D printing technology for the diagnosis and treatment of hip joint disease has important clinical significance and broad application prospects for preoperative guidance, intraoperative operation and postoperative rehabilitation of hip joint diseases. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone metabolism and exercise training: bone remodeling and osteoblast proliferation  Li Miaomiao, Luo Jiong, Zhang Tingran, Ouyang Yiyi, Zhou Chenglin 2019, 23 (34):  5544-5549.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1941 Abstract ( 629 )   PDF (33270KB) ( 124 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone metabolism has become an important topic in recent years. Suitable exercise training has a positive effect on bone metabolism, and different exercise methods have different effects on bone metabolism. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic understanding of the effects of sports on bone metabolism related mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of exercise on bone metabolism reported by scholars inside and outside China and reveal the biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms of bone metabolism and the positive effects of exercise on bone metabolism, providing theoretical basis and practical reference for increasing the efficacy of bone metabolism and preventing metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Elsevier, Springer, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP and Taiwan Academic Literature Database was performed to retrieve literatures regarding bone metabolism and exercise training in Chinese and English. These retrieved literatures were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanism of bone remodeling is an important process of bone metabolism. The influence of exercise on the biomechanical mechanism of bone metabolism mainly has two aspects. One is to directly stimulate the direction of force acting on the bone. The other is the indirect stimulation of muscle contraction during exercise to bone, which manifests as the effects of exercise on peak bone mass, the reduction of bone loss, and bone mineral density in a specific area during the growth period. Exercise can increase peak bone mass and reduce bone loss during the growth period. Different types of exercise have different effects on bone metabolism. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation mechanism and effect of jump shock-induced nuclear factor kappaB on bone metabolism Yan Pingping, Wang Kun, Luo Jiong 2019, 23 (34):  5550-5557.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1441 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (49189KB) ( 108 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is an important topic in preventive medicine in recent years. Sports intervention plays an active and key role in bone health. However, there are significant differences in the effects of different types of exercise on individual bone content and bone mineral density. It is necessary to clarify the causes of these differences and their related mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the regulatory mechanism of jump shock-induced changes in nuclear factor-κB pathway which affects bone metabolism, so as to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for exercise intervention to improve bone metabolism efficiency and prevent metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. METHODS: A computer-based online search of ELSEVIER, Springer, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang database, Vip and other databases to retrieve relevant literatures with the search terms “jumping impact, inflammatory response, jumping exercise, mechanical load, osteoporosis, bone metabolism, bone remodeling, bone mineral density, exercise training, resistance training, impact training, nuclear factor-κB" in Chinese and English published before December 2018. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Jumping impact can induce strong mechanical load to stimulate bone formation. Jumping exercise has a significant effect on bone content and bone density in the whole leg bone and the area under significant stress. Jumping impact can increase the activation threshold of nuclear factor-κB in the body. The injury of muscle and bone caused by impact load ground reaction forces can induce the activation of nuclear factor-κB, which not only promotes the development of inflammatory response, but also promotes tissue regeneration to adapt to changes in external shocks. Whether bone metabolism and inflammation are linked by NF-κB will greatly affect the treatment of bone diseases. Exercise will reduce the activation of NF-κB, and then reduce inflammatory response and bone resorption. These findings suggest that sufficient intensity of jump impact can greatly promote local bone formation. Besides increasing local bone mineral density and bone content, it can also improve the biomechanical properties of bone tissue. According to the known evidence, jump impact-induced inflammatory response may be highly correlated with the NF-κB pathway, thereby affecting the mononuclear differentiation and cell fusion, and controlling the trend of bone metabolism during exericise. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in research on peri-implantitis in diabetic patients Wu Jiaxin, Pei Xibo 2019, 23 (34):  5558-5564.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1449 Abstract ( 450 )   PDF (37969KB) ( 126 )   Save BACKGROUND: Diabetes is the related risk factor of peri-implantitis. However, the influencial mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that diabetes accelerates the development of  peri-implantitis. Therefore, the underlying mechanism and treatment of peri-implantitis in diabetes patients have become important research directions. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the influencial mechanism of diabetes on peri-implantitis and the latest progress in the treatment and prediction of peri-implantitis in diabetis. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, VIP, Wanfang and CNKI databases for relevant articles published from January 1985 to April 2019 in English and Chinese with the search terms “peri-implantitis, diabetes melltius or diabetes or DM, implant, osteointegration, implant modification”. Finally, 70 articles were included for further analysis after screening and summarization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, there is no definite solution for the treatment and early prediction of peri-implantitis in diabetes. The influence of diabetes on the bacterial biofilm on the surface of the implant and the immune-inflammation system of the organism may be the intrinsic reason for the high incidence of inflammation around the implant in diabetic patients. There is still no definite solution for the treatment and early prediction of peri-implantitis in diabetic patients, but many studies have achieved good clinical results. Combining the original treatment of peri-implantitis with the control of blood glucose in diabetes, and using the characteristic microscopic manifestations of diabetes to make early diagnosis and predict clinical development of peri-implantitis are of significant research areas in the future.   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application characteristics of unidirectional barbed wire in suture of vaginal stump after laparoscopic hysterectomy Wu Jinrou, Luo Jie, Tao Ying 2019, 23 (34):  5565-5569.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1967 Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (36925KB) ( 106 )   Save BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic hysterectomy requires vaginal stump suture, and the healing of the vaginal stump wound is of great significance for postoperative recovery. Different material sutures may affect the healing of the vaginal stump and affect the postoperative recovery. OBJECTIVE: To briefly review the studies regarding the efficacy of unidirectional barbed wire and common absorbable wire in the suture of vaginal stump after laparoscopic hysterectomy, and clarify the application and advance progress of unidirectional barbed suture. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang and CNKI databases was performed for papers published during 2013-2019 with the search terms “unidirectional barbed wire; hysterectomy; laparoscopic available absorbable suture; vaginal stump; stem cell” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After laparoscopic hysterectomy, vaginal stump was sutured by a unidirectional barbed wire, which had the advantages of short suture time, low suturing difficulty, and less intraoperative bleeding. Relevant study showed that the unilateral barbed wire did not increase the complications associated with the vaginal stump, and to some extent, the suture was more easily absorbed because of knots, which facilitated the healing of the stump. However, the above studies are based on the comparison of continuous sutures under laparoscopy, and little is reported on the efficacy of continuous vaginal suture using a unilateral barbed wire versus absorbable wire. Whether the unilateral barbed wire can shorten the time taken for vaginal stump should be further investigated by randomized controlled trials involving larger sample sizes. In addition, the preventive effects of unilateral barbed wire used for suture of vaginal stump after laparoscopic hysterectomy on long-term pelvic organ prolapse are still to be further studied. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protein acetylation in hypoxic environment: research advance and the existing problems Zhao Min, Chen Yao, Li Xuguang, Li Wenhua 2019, 23 (34):  5570-5576.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1448 Abstract ( 456 )   PDF (35086KB) ( 95 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies have found that protein acetylation plays an important role in stress response, which is regulated by deacetylase and acetyltransferase, and has become a research hotspot in the field of protein. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the change of protein acetylation in hypoxic environment. METHODS: English literatures published during 2000-2019 were retrieved from Pubmed and Medline. Chinese literatures published during 2001-2017 were retrieved from CNKI and Wanfang databases. Search terms were “Hypoxia, acetylation of proteins, stress response” in English and Chinese respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Protein acetylation plays an important role in many cellular processes, such as transcription, chromatin remodeling, protein synthesis and degradation, and metabolism. In hypoxic environment, protein acetylation has been involved in many fields, which are related to many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and some epigenetic diseases. Although protein acetylation can promote the metastasis of cancer cells, it can also bring great help to cancer treatment. From these studies, it can be found that protein acetylation will certainly provide a new treatment for cancer. However, there are still some deficiencies in the current research, and more in-depth research is needed on this basis.   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics