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21 October 2016, Volume 20 Issue 43 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Biological bone mixed with autologous bone for reducible atlantoaxial dislocation via posterior reduction with bone graft fusion Luo Xu, Li Dan, Liang Ying-jie 2016, 20 (43):  6389-6395.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.001 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (1226KB) ( 254 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that biological bone and autogenous iliac bone exhibit equivalent lumbar fusion effects, but the former one significantly reduces the risk of secondary surgery and contributes to improving vertebral dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of biological bone mixed with autologous bone in posterior screw rod internal fixation with bone graft fusion for reducible atlantoaxial dislocation. METHODS: Seventy-two patients with recoverable atlantoaxial dislocation, including 37 males and 35 females, aged 28-72 years old, were all subjected to posterior atlantoaxial screw rod fixation with bone graft fusion: the atlas was fixed with lateral mass screw or pedicle screw, and the axis fixed with the pedicle screw, lamina screws or lateral mass screw. These patients were assigned into experimental group (n=34) undergoing biological bone mixed with autologous iliac particle bone graft fusion, or control group (n=38) undergoing autologous iliac bone graft fusion. Twelve months later, fusion rate, pain relief, cervical function recovery, cervical activity and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After postoperatively 12 months, all patients were satisfied with atlantoaxial dislocation reduction, with a good bone fusion rate up to 100%, and their neck incision healed well by primary intention. The pain, cervical function, cervical curvature and activity were improved significantly in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the amount of bone mass taken from the patient and pain relief time were lower in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Taken together, the biological bone mixed with autogenous iliac bone for reducible atlantoaxial dislocation via posterior screw rod internal fixation and bone graft fusion can rapidly relieve pain, reduce the amount of bone mass taken from patients, and achieve good fusion effect and cervical functional recovery. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A tissue-engineered bone constructed with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and calcium sulfate artificial bone: its osteoinductive effects in spinal fusion Ying Lv-fang, Jia Xu-feng, Cheng Yin, Feng Da-xiong 2016, 20 (43):  6396-6402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.002 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (1270KB) ( 267 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biodegrable calcium sulfate artificial bone has a good biocompatibility, so it is used as a bone graft substitute in the treatment of spinal fusion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteoinductive effects of the tissue-engineered bone made of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and calcium sulfate artificial bone in spinal fusion. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro, and then combined with the calcium sulfate artificial bone. The composite material was observed under electron microscope. Totally 67 patients undergoing spinal fusion were enrolled, who were divided into control group (n=35) and observation group (n=32), receiving autologous iliac bone graft and autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with calcium sulfate transplantation, respectively. Subsequently, spinal fusion Lenke classification and low back outcome score were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under electron microscope, the visible calcium sulfate artificial bone presented a good porous structure, on which bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew and adhered well. Slightly but insignificantly better outcomes in the spinal fusion through the use of the Lenke classification system were obtained in the observation group than the control group after surgery (P > 0.05). Besides, scores on low back outcomes in both two groups were significantly higher than baseline data (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the tissue-engineered bone made of calcium sulfate artificial bone as the scaffold and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells can exert a good osteoinduction in spinal fusion, and obtain ideal effects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of tissue-engineered bone by porous calcium phosphate cement with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene for repair of femoral condyle defects Xiao Qi-ke, Wei Yu-shan, Zhao Yi-nan, Bai Feng 2016, 20 (43):  6403-6408.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.003 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (4709KB) ( 261 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) can improve the osteogenesis capacity of tissue-engineered bone. However, how to prolong BMP release is a key for constructing tissue-engineered bone. OBJECTIVE: To study the repair effect of porous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with BMP-2 gene on bone defects. METHODS: After modeling of bilateral femoral condyle bone defects, 12 model rabbits were given implantation of porous CPC with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with BMP-2 on the left (experimental group) and given implantation of porous CPC with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the right (control group). Bilateral femoral condyles were taken and analyzed histologically at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Better osteogenesis including more newly formed bone tissues and faster scaffold absorption was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. The area of newly formed bone tissues at different time and rate of bone formation at 12 weeks were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that transfer of BMP-2 into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with porous CPC could increase repair of bone defects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contraceptive effect and safety of a biological ceramic intrauterine device Yang Ai-qin, Chai Yu-zhen, Song Min 2016, 20 (43):  6409-6415.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.004 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (4341KB) ( 276 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intrauterine device (IUD), widely used for contraception, achieves contraceptive effect by mechanical stimulation or chemical interference. Biological ceramics have been reported to have good performance and biocompatibility, but its effect used for IUD is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the contraceptive effect of biological ceramic IUDS. METHODS: Totally 90 female rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=30 per group). The biological ceramic IUD and the bare copper IUD were respectively implanted into the middle of rat uterus, and blank control group received no intervention. One month later, according to the male and female ratio of 3:1, 30 male rats were selected to mate with female rats in the three groups. At 14 days after mating, 10 female rats were randomly selected from each group to detect the number of embryos in the implanted side and the number of pregnant rats, and the contraceptive rate was calculated. Ten rats among the remaining rats in each group underwent removal surgery of IUD, and mated with male rats again. After 60 days, the remaining rats were sacrificed to observe the morphology of liver, kidney and uterus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of uterine embryos and pregnant rats in the groups of biological ceramic and bare copper IUD was significantly lower than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05), and the contraceptive rate reached 100% in the former two groups. The number of uterine embryos of implanted side and pregnant rats, and fertility recovery rate in the blank control and biological ceramic IUD groups were significantly higher than those in the bare copper IUD group (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between blank control and biological ceramic groups (P > 0.05). In the biological ceramic IUD group, there existed mild gland expansion, and visible some neutrophils both inside and outside the uterine cavity, but these phenomena were milder compared with the bare copper IUD group. No abnormal changes occurred in the rat kidney and liver. These results show that the biological ceramic IUD and bare copper IUD both can obtain the ideal contraceptive effect but make no damage to the rat kidney and liver. Especially, biological ceramic IUD holds better reversible recovery of fertility ability with less endometrial stimulation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Titanium dioxide nanotube composite coating: preparation and early drug-release Wang Fei-fan, Song Yun-jia1, Wu Wen-meng, Lv Wu-long, Li Ying, Li Chang-yi 2016, 20 (43):  6416-6423.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.005 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (6137KB) ( 210 )   Save BACKGROUND: The surface modification of pure titanium has become a hotspot for research on improving the early implant-osseointegration ability. OBJECTIVE: To construct the icariin/TiO2 nanotube composite coating, and to explore its drug-loading rate and early drug-release kinetics. METHODS: Pure titanium was anodized to obtain TiO2 nanotube. Thereafter, the pure titanium and TiO2 nanotube were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and contact angle instrument. Icariin was loaded onto the pure titanium and TiO2 nanotube by immersion method. Afterwards, the early drug-releasing amount of the two materials was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Accumulated release and accumulated drug-release percentage curves were drawn. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The diameter of TiO2 nanotube was 80 nm, and the roughness of TiO2 nanotube was significantly higher than that of pure titanium (P < 0.05), but the contact angle was significantly lower than that of pure titanium (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the icariin/pure titanium group, the icariin/TiO2 nanotube group had obviously higher accumulated drug-releasing amount at former 14 days and accumulated drug-releasing carve at former 4 hours. The accumulated drug-releasing percentage curve in the icariin/TiO2 nanotube group was flatter than that in the icariin/pure titanium group, suggesting a longer release time. To conclude, the icariin/TiO2 nanotube composite coating has a higher drug, loading and exerts better sustained-release effect. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of bioactive glass ceramic coating and Hedgehog signaling pathway in osteogenesis Ni Wei-dong, Fang Long-yun 2016, 20 (43):  6424-6430.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.006 Abstract ( 215 )   PDF (4441KB) ( 247 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bioactive glass ceramics (BGC) has been successfully applied as titanium alloy coating in the clinic. However, the correlation between Hedgehog signaling pathway and BGC coating in osteogenesis has not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of Hedgehog signaling pathways and BGC coating in osteogenesis. METHODS: The BGC coating was prepared and observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Primary cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were incubated onto the BGC coating. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Gliloma-association oncogene homoglog in the Hedgehog signaling pathway were detected using fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR, western blot assay, and immunofluorescence staining, and the cell migration ability was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Electron microscopes showed that there were no cracks on the smooth BGC coating that had the dense mesoporous structure, and the coating thickness was 350 nm. The mRNA and protein expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Gliloma-association oncogene homoglog in the BGC group were significantly higher than those in the control group; and the expresssed bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Gliloma-association oncogene homoglog proteins interacted with each other in the process of osteogenesis. The cell migration ability in the BGC group was obviously enhanced compared with the control group. These results indicate that the BGC coating increases the expression of Gliloma-association oncogene homoglog, then further activates the Hedgehog signaling pathway, and finally accelerates the osteoblast proliferation in combination with bone morphogenetic protein 2. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Type-2 cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits titanium particle-induced osteoblast apoptosis Pei Fang, Zhou Bing, Zheng Wei, Shen Zhen-yu, Wang Chen, Qiu Shang, Guo Kai-jin 2016, 20 (43):  6431-6437.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.007 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (5633KB) ( 213 )   Save BACKGROUND: Impaired osteogenesis caused by osteoblast apoptosis is a main reason of aseptic loosening. Type-2 cannabinoid receptor activation can promote osteoblast proliferation and reduce apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of HU-308 (type-2 cannabinoid receptor agonist) on the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells co-cultured with titanium particles and its relative mechanism. METHODS: Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into five groups: cells were cultured in the normal medium as blank control group, cultured in the medium with 2.5 g/L titanium particles as titanium group, cultured in the medium containing 2.5 g/L titanium particles plus 10-9, 10-8 and 10-7 mol/L HU-308 as low-, medium- and high-concentration groups, respectively. Forty-eight hours later, cell proliferation, apoptosis, levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential as well as Caspase-3 activity were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the black control group, the cell proliferation activity and the level of mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly reduced and the apoptosis rate, the level of reactive oxygen species and Caspase-3 activity were significantly increased in the titanium group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the titanium group, the cell proliferation activity and the level of mitochondrial membrane potential significantly increased in the high-concentration group, and the apoptosis rate and Caspase-3 activity significantly decreased in the medium- and high-concentration groups (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that HU-308 can effectively improve the impaired osteogenesis induced by titanium particles, probably through modulating reactive oxygen species and elevating mitochondrial membrane potential and Caspase-3 activity.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vivo osseointegration of micro-arc oxidation-silane-melatonin-covered titanium alloy implant Li De-chao, Liu Hui-ping, Li Mu-qin, Liu Miao 2016, 20 (43):  6438-6444.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.008 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (4361KB) ( 212 )   Save BACKGROUND: Imperfect strength of titanium alloy implant-bone interface delays bone healing. OBJECTIVE: In order to further improve the early healing ability of titanium dental implants, to make the surface modification of titanium alloy implant and observe the osseointegration ability of the implant. METHODS: Titanium alloy implants were coated with micro-arc oxidation (group A), micro-arc oxidation-silane (group B), and micro-arc oxidation-silane-melatonin (group C) coatings, respectively. Three kinds of implants were placed into the mandible of New Zealand white rabbits, and 2, 4, 6 weeks after implantation, implant-bone interface osseointegration was observed using cone-beam CT, fluorescence microscopy, and torsion test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Cone-beam CT examination: 6 weeks after implantation, the osseointegration of the implant with the mandible achieved the best results in the group C, followed by group B and group A. (2) Fluorescence microscope observation: the implants in the three groups exhibited the strongest fluorescence at 4 weeks and slightly weakened at 6 weeks, and the fluorescence intensity was higher in the group C than the other two groups. (3) Torsion test: with implantation time prolonged, the implant-bone osseointegration activity gradually increased in the three groups, while it was still highest in the group C (P < 0.05). In summary, our results show that the titanium alloy implant coated with micro-arc oxidation-silane-melatonin composite coating has higher osseointegration activity and promotes bone formation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biodegradable vascular stent materials: surface properties and biocompatibility Zhang Hong-mei, Zhang Li-peng 2016, 20 (43):  6445-6450.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.009 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (3784KB) ( 199 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biodegradable stent implantation is a commonly used method in the clinical treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, the corresponding stent should have good surface properties and biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To observe the surface properties of the biodegradable vascular stent material, and to analyze its biocompatibility. METHODS: Artificial plasma was prepared for soaking the biodegradable magnesium alloy stent, and the corrosion of the material was observed by scanning electron microscope. Stent extraction solution was prepared and cytotoxicity test was carried out to observe the toxicity level of human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured in the culture medium. Platelet adhesion test and hemolysis test were performed to detect cell and blood compatibility of the material. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the 10-day immersion in artificial plasma, the material was scanned and a uniform corrosion layer was found on the surface of the material. During the drying of the material, some cracks appeared on the corrosion layer. After the corrosion products were removed, there were corrosion pits uniformly distributed on the corrosion surface of the material. In the cytotoxicity test, there were no absorbance values in the positive control group, and almost all of the cells died. After cultured in the material extraction, the toxicity level of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was graded 0 or 1. In the adhesion test, platelets on the stent surface were mostly disk-shaped under scanning electron microscope, some of which were deformed and extended pseudopodia, but no platelet aggregation occurred. The hemolysis rate of the material was 3.15%, in accordance with the requirement of the hemolytic rate < 5%. These experimental results show that the biodegradable magnesium alloy stent material has good corrosion resistance and good cell and blood compatibility, which can meet the demand of clinical application.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A plasma-modified polyurethane-collagen-chondroitin sulfate composite material: preparation and performance Xuan Guang-shan, Mu Lan-lan, Sun Tong, Li Qing 2016, 20 (43):  6451-6457.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.010 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (1657KB) ( 359 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polyurethane has excellent mechanical properties and perfect biocompatibility. But its hydrophobicity is not conductive to the adhesion and growth of cells, which limits its use as the scaffold of the skin. OBJECTIVE: To modify a polyurethane scaffold by plasma processing and crosslinking then to test its hydrophilic, mechanical properties and cytotoxicity in vitro. METHODS: Polyurethane porous materials were prepared into membranous materials by eletrospinning method and modified by CO2 and NH3 plasma. Then the plasma-modified polyurethane-collagen- chondroitin sulfate composite materials were prepared by crosslinking with collagen type I and chondroitin sulfate at the same time, which was named Group A. Polyurethane porous materials which were electrospun and modified by plasma were soaked into a mixed solution of collagen and chondroitin sulfate without crosslinking agent. After being air-dryed, the materials were prepared, named Group B. Polyurethane porous materials which were electrospun and modified by plasma were named Group C. Electrospun polyurethane porous materials without other treatments were named Group D. Then the morphology, hydrophilicity, mechanical property and in vitro cytotoxicity of the four groups were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The plasma-modified polyurethane-collagen-chondroitin sulfate composite materials enjoy excellent fiber morphology, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. It can also promote cell adhesion, proliferation and have no cytotoxicity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety and efficacy of nickel-titanium memory alloy compression anastomosis clip in gastroenterostomy Zheng Hang, Yang Chun, Guo Zhi-yi, Wang Kang, Zhang Wei, Hou Neng-yi 2016, 20 (43):  6458-6464.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.011 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 226 )   Save BACKGROUND: The nickel-titanium memory alloy has been extensively used in blood vessel prosthesis, internal fixation, and orthopedic stents, and its biological characters have obtained better understanding. In the meanwhile, the compression anastomosis technology has been mature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of nickel-titanium memory alloy compression anastomosis clip (CAC) in gastrointestinal anastomosis. METHODS: Totally 64 patients undergoing distal subtotal gastrectomy from June 2013 to February 2016 in Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital were divided into two groups. Patients in CAC and control groups underwent gastrointestinal anastomosis using the CAC and disposable tantalum nail stapler, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the operation time, stomach jejunum anastomosis time, postoperative exhaust time, eating time and hospitalization time between groups (P > 0.05). No complications such as anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic leakage and delayed gastric emptying occurred in the two groups. There was no anastomotic stenosis in the CAC group, but one case in the control group with the incidence of 3%. The abdominal X-ray examination of CAC group at postoperative 3 days showed that the CAC did not move, and was excreted at postoperative 9-28 days. Six months after operation, the gastrointestinal anastomosis was smooth without congestion and edema under endoscopy. In conclusion, the CAC for gastrointestinal anastomosis is safe and reliable, achieving the same or even better results with a disposable tantalum nail stapler, and will not cause anastomotic complications due to good histocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Absorbable screw fixation with autologous hamstring for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament under arthroscopy Yin Yi, Sun Guan-jun, Wang Zhi-qiang, Peng Xu, Liao Wei 2016, 20 (43):  6465-6471.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.012 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 231 )   Save BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic reconstruction is a common method in the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury, in which tendon fixation is an important part. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of absorbable screw fixation with autologous hamstring for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under arthroscopy. METHODS: Totally 47 cases of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were included, containing 27 male patients and 20 female patients, aged from 18-48 years old, and all patients underwent the absorbable screw fixation with autologous hamstring implantation. After12-month follow-up, patients underwent Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scoring before treatment and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Additionally, anterioposterior lateral X-ray and MRI reexamination were performed, and adverse reactions were recorded at 12 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Postoperative knee instability symptoms such as “weak legs” walking gait recovered to normal levels, and the wound all reached the primary healing. Moreover, the Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (P < 0.05). There were no incision infection, nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis and other adverse events except hemarthrosis of the knee joint in one case. After 12 months of treatment, the imaging examinations showed that there was no enlargement of the bone tunnel, and no significant change in the joint space. In conclusion, the absorbable screw fixation with autologous hamstring for the reconstruction of anterior cross ligament has good fixing effect and little trauma, and significantly improves the extremity function of patients.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety and effectiveness of proximal femoral nail antirotation for the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fracture: study protocol for a prospective case series Xu Jun-jie, Li Ye-hai, Liang Jun-sheng, Liu Qing, Tang Hao-ran, Liu He-feng 2016, 20 (43):  6472-6478.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.0013 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 248 )   Save BACKGROUND: The root cause of intertrochanteric femoral fracture in elderly patients is osteoporosis manifested by reduced bone strength, decreased bone mineral density, and subsequently decreased anchoring between the internal fixator and bone. This is also a major cause of ineffective internal fixation and leads to surgical failure. Because of the special anatomical structure and biomechanical requirements of the proximal femur, internal fixation must have two basic functions, to prevent inversion and rotation of the proximal fractured femur. Reducing the incidence of coxa vara is also one of the treatment objectives. OBJECTIVE: To validate the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fracture. METHODS: This is a single-center, prospective, self-controlled case series. The objective of this study is to validate the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive PFNA in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fracture. Twenty patients with intertrochanteric femoral fracture scheduled to undergo PFNA implantation will be recruited from the Department of Orthopedics, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University in China. The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China and will be performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. All patients will provide the written informed consent. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02880501). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The primary outcome measure of this study is the percentage of patients having PFNA implantation-related safety problems manifested as pain in the affected region, wound nonunion, incisional infection, and gross findings observed at the time of nail removal, including inflammatory reaction, tissue proliferation, and the appearance of a fibrous capsule wall 3 and 6 months after PFNA implantation. The secondary outcome measures are operative time, intraoperative blood loss, duration of intraoperative fluoroscopy, patients’ quality of life evaluated by the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire and the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living, fracture healing examined by X-ray images, and hip joint function evaluated by Harris hip scores 3 and 6 months after PFNA implantation. The currently reported clinical studies on PFNA for the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fracture are mainly case series, a few of which are retrospective, randomized, controlled trials. Here, we will perform a normalized prospective case series to validate the safety and effectiveness of PFNA in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fracture. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Porous tantalum implants in the early treatment of femoral head necrosis Mao Zi-mu, Yin Kun, Wang Yu-ze, Wei Xiao-chun 2016, 20 (43):  6479-6486.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.014 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (1159KB) ( 271 )   Save BACKGROUND: Porous tantalum rod implantation is a relatively new technique that has been applied to patients with early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head, but its efficacy is mixed. OBJECTIVE: To review the etiology and pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the latest research progress of porous tantalum rod implantation. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI database was performed for articles related to the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head and porous tantalum rod implantation published from 1985 to 2015. The key words were “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, etiology, porous tantalum rod, tissue engineering, nanomaterials, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells” in Chinese and English in the title and abstract. Finally, 67 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The porous tantalum rod is considered effective for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head patients in short term. More recently, the porous tantalum rod implantation combined with other therapies, such as stem cell transplantation, has developed for long-term reserving the hip in early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Therefore, we need further clinical trials for long-term follow-up to give a final clinical and socioeconomic assessment of porous tantalum rod implantation. Moreover, the most effective approach and position of porous tantalum rod implantation have not been reported until now.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Titanium-based cermet as an artificial joint material: the surface hardness is increased by titanium carbide ceramics and complex pore structure Yang Ting, Luo Yong, Cao Dong-dong, Ke Hai-bao 2016, 20 (43):  6487-6493.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.015 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 247 )   Save BACKGROUND: Research on the preparation and properties of titanium-based cermet, serving as a new type of artificial joint material, is of great significance to improve the stability and reliability of the artificial joint. OBJECTIVE: To emphatically describe the research progress of titanium-based cermet as an artificial joint material. METHODS: A computer-based search of Web of Science and CNKI databases was performed for articles related to development, selection, and friction pairs of artificial joint materials published from 2000 to 2015. The keywords were “Titanium, Artificial hip, cermet, CoCrMo” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUTION: Titanium-based cermet is a functionally graded material that effectively combines the properties of metals and ceramics, which is different from traditional ceramics coated on the metal surface. As the element composition profile with depth shows a gradient transition across the coating-substrate, the titanium-based cermet has a good metallurgic bond between the coating and the substrate. However, titanium-based cermets are likely to have poor toughness and mechanical properties due to preparation techniques. Therefore, a suitable method and technique for preparation of titanium-based cermet is warranted to improve the properties of the artificial joint material. Findings from X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that uniform and compact titanium carbide with a face-centred cubic structure is formed on the surface of titanium alloy. The surface hardness of titanium-based cermets is significantly improved due to the formation of titanium carbide and its complex microporous structure.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Alpha-tricalcium phosphate as a bone graft: research and development in orthopedics Xiao Yu, Li Yan-lin, Gao Huan-yu, Wang Guo-liang, Xia Ping 2016, 20 (43):  6494-6500.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.016 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (1018KB) ( 235 )   Save BACKGROUND: As one of the important bone substitute materials in bone tissue engineering, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) has been widely applied and researched. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the newest research progress about α-TCP as a kind of bone substitute material, and to prospect its development. METHODS: The first author searched the relative literatures addressing α-TCP as a bone substitute material published from January 1965 to August 2015 in PubMed, FMJS, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM databases. The keywords were “alpha tricalcium phosphate, composite material, bone graft, bone substitution material” in English and Chinese, respectively. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 42 articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: α-TCP is one of calcium phosphate compounds which has been extensively applied and researched. It holds good bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, biodegradation and osteoconductivity except osteoinduction. Therefore, combining α-TCP with inorganic or organic factors to establish the composite material cannot only overcome the shortage of α-TCP in physicochemical characteristics, but also provide a mixed material with better resilience that is easy for cells to adhere, shorten bone reconstruction time, and even can carry antibacterial drugs. All these improvements will markedly shorten the bone repair time and provide a new idea for future development of bone graft materials. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cyanoacrylate as a bone adhesive: its potential and superiority in fracture repair Huang Shi-qiao, Gao Hui 2016, 20 (43):  6501-6506.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.017 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (992KB) ( 270 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cyanoacrylate adhesives are widely used in medical fields such as hemostatic agent, wound closure and medical embolism. OBJECTIVE: To point out the problems and focus of research of cyanoacrylate adhesives used in the orthopedic field through reviewing the properties and research progress of cyanoacrylate adhesives in fracture fixation and relevant modification research. METHODS: Articles related to cyanoacrylate as bone adhesives and relevant modification studies were retrieved in CNKI and PubMed databases (2008-01/2015-12). The key words were “cyanoacrylate, fracture, bone defect” in Chinese and English, respectively. A total of 40 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained for the further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cyanoacrylate adhesives have been widely used in medical fields such as vascular anastomosis and embolization in vascular surgery, soft tissue repair, skin closure. However, it is still in the stage of animal experiments as bone adhesives for fracture fixation in load-bearing parts. Importantly, there are two problems to be solved. First, cyanoacrylate adhesives could not complete the fixation of fracture in the load-bearing parts because of viscosity and biomechanical deficiencies. Second, it still needs to observe whether the adhesives on the fracture end hinder the growth of bone. In conclusion, modification of cyanoacrylate shows a great potential in fracture fixation compared with traditional internal fixation methods. This new method has a wonderful prospect in clinical treatment of fractures.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and development of biodegradable magnesium and magnesium alloy stents: an analysis based on patent application information Yang Jin-hui, Chen Yan-yan 2016, 20 (43):  6507-6513.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.018 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (1180KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: Research on patented technology plays a real and important role in the technological development and industrial application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current patented technologies concerning biodegradable magnesium and magnesium alloy vascular stents. METHODS: We searched the patent applications for biodegradable magnesium and magnesium alloy stents in China, and analyzed relevant information in the following aspects: application trend, authorization trend, applicant geographical distribution, distribution of applicant types, sub-sector patented technology, and patented technology of major applicants. Afterwards, recommendations for patent application in this field could be given. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In China, Chinese applicants occupy a dominant position in the patent applications for biodegradable magnesium and magnesium alloy stents, and hot technologies in various sub-sectors are highlighted. Unfortunately, more patented technologies have not achieved a real breakthrough in the application.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of calcium hydroxide preparation in the dental field Nie Er-min, Jiang Rui, Zhang Chun-yuan, Zeng Jin-di, Tan Ji-zhou, Huang Zhe-xun 2016, 20 (43):  6514-6520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.019 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (947KB) ( 316 )   Save BACKGROUND: Calcium hydroxide has been used widely in clinical dental field, and its physical properties and bio-safety become more excellent along with the development of material science. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the physical properties, bio-safety and clinical application of calcium hydroxide materials. METHODS: A computer-based online research was performed in PubMed and CNKI databases using the keywords of “calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide preparation” in English and in Chinese, respectively, to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2010 to January 2016. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Calcium hydroxide preparation can be respectively divided into mono-component and bio-component, chemical curing and light curing, as well as power form and paste form according to its components, curing form and characteristics. Calcium hydroxide preparation has good physicochemical properties that can be used for dental root canal, root canal filling, direct pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, vital pulpotomy, and apexification. Clinical evaluation and experimental research have confirmed that the calcium hydroxide preparation has good biological safety and clinical effects; however, some urgent problems still need to be studied in depth.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autogeneic iliac crest graft versus bone morphogenetic protein 2 in lumbar fusion: a Meta-analysis Zhang Hai-fei, Zhang Zhi-yu, Cui Yan, Wang Feng, Ma Cheng-bin, Zhang Wei 2016, 20 (43):  6521-6529.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.020 Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (3566KB) ( 206 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a substitute for autogeneic iliac crest, bone morphogenetic protein 2 has been widely used in lumbar fusion and relative trials. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in lumbar fusion. METHODS: CBM, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases were retrieved for relevant randomized controlled trials of bone morphogenetic protein 2 versus autogenous iliac crest graft in lumbar fusion published before September 2015. A Meta-analysis was performed utilizing the Cochrane system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 14 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, including 1 613 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the reoperation rate and operation time in bone morphogenetic protein 2 group were significantly less than those in the autogenous iliac crest graft group (P ≤ 0.01), and the fusion rate was significantly higher than that in the autologous iliac crest graft group (P ≤ 0.01). There were no significant differences in the clinical outcomes, complications, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, patient satisfaction and work status after surgery between two groups. Based on the limited evidence, bone morphogenetic protein 2 for lumbar degenerative disease exerts no significant superiority to the autologous iliac crest graft. Moreover, more high-quality randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed to further assess the effectiveness and safety of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in lumbar fusion.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties of sustained-release and controlled-release polymeric materials and application in the treatment of hypertension Chen Yao 2016, 20 (43):  6530-6536.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.43.021 Abstract ( 427 )   PDF (1366KB) ( 264 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polymeric material, an important carrier used in the sustained-release and controlled-release system, is a major factor influencing drug efficacy; so understanding of different carrier materials contributes to obtain an ideal control-released effect. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the characters of medical polymeric materials, and analyze their application in the sustained-release and controlled-release system in the treatment of hypertension. METHODS: An online research was performed in databases of PubMed and WanFang for relative literatures published from 2006 to 2015 using the keywords of “polymers; sustained-release material; controlled-release material; chitosan; cyclodextrin; ilk fibroin; poly acid anhydride; polylactic acid” in Chinese and English, respectively. Totally 30 literatures were enrolled for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analyzing the application tendency of sustained-release and controlled-release system in the treatment of hypertension was conducted by retrieving WanFang database between 2010 and 2015 in China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polymeric materials used for release carriers should be non-toxic or low toxic and hold good biocompatibility and biodegradability, including natural polymeric materials (polysaccharides and proteins) and synthetic polymeric materials (polylactic acids, polyanhydrides, polypeptides and amino acids). These new polymeric materials overcome some shortcomings of the single material and expand the range of controlled-release carriers showing a light application prospect. Studies on the sustained-release and controlled-release system have achieved satisfactory outcomes, but questions of efficiency, speed-control and intelligentization remain to be resolved. The number of literatures related to the application of sustained-release and controlled-release system in the treatment of hypertension in WanFang database between 2010 and 2015 are increased gradually, suggesting that the sustained-release and controlled-release drugs have become popular in the hypertension treatment. Nifedipine sustained-release or control-release tablets, felodipin sustained-release tablets and metoprolol sustained-release tablets are commonly used.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics