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    20 May 2016, Volume 20 Issue 21 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Preparation and performance of a bionic spinal catheter
    Zhu Xiang, Chen Xu-yi, Li Rui-xin, Xing Ran, Li Dong, Tu Yue
    2016, 20 (21):  3045-3050.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.001
    Abstract ( 416 )   PDF (1881KB) ( 275 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The traditional method of preparing tissue-engineered conduit has the defects of complex shape manufacturing and uncontrollable inner space structure, which cannot meet the requirements of some micro-catheters.

    OBJECTIVE: To prepare a bionic spinal catheter and analyze its performance.
    METHODS: The data model of the conduit was established using Solid Works software, and platform scan path was generated on three-dimensional printer to produce the bionic spinal catheter with fibroin and collagen as raw materials. Then the water absorption, porosity, mechanical properties and cellular compatibility of the conduits were detected. Next, the conduits were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats and taken out at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery, respectively, to observe the degradation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The porosity of the conduit was (53.6±1.0)%, the water absorption was (1347±19.4)%, and the compression modulus was (0.60±0.12) MPa. The micropores distributed uniformly with different size ranging from 10 to 240 μm. Spherical or fusiform stem cells survived in the pores and densely adhered to the conduit with pseudopodia. The degradation rate of the conduit was 20%, 59%, 74% and 100% at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery, respectively. These findings indicate that the artificial bionic spinal catheter has good biocompatibility and degradability.
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    Feasibility of light-cured composite resin for adult crown restoration during orthodontic treatment
    Cheng De-sheng
    2016, 20 (21):  3051-3056.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.002
    Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (966KB) ( 289 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Because of good performance, beautiful and permanent color, and certain compressive strength, light-cured composite resin has been widely used in dental restoration. But there are less reports about its usage in adult crown restoration during orthodontic treatment.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of light-cured composite resin in the adult crown restoration during orthodontic treatment.
    METHODS: 300 adult cases of crown defects scheduled for orthodontic treatment were enrolled, including 160 males and 140 females, aged from 16 to 41 years. All the crown defects were filled with light-cured composite resins. After 36-month follow-up, the gross appearances of repaired teeth, repairing effect and adverse reactions were statistically recorded and analyzed.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After restoration, patients exhibited normal occlusion, and the filled crowns were fixed stably and firmly whose appearance was symmetric with that of the contralateral isonym tooth of the adjacent tooth. In addition, patients complained of no percussion pain, and no apical shade was shown by X-ray examination. At the end of the follow-up, crown restoration was successful in 268 of 300 cases, with a success rate of 89.33%, and the filled crowns fell out in the other 32 cases; 271 of 300 cases were satisfied with the repairing effect, and the satisfaction rate was 90.33%. Besides, there were no serious adverse reactions in all the patients. These results show that light-cured composite resin for adult crown restoration during orthodontic treatment obtains a higher repair success rate and satisfaction rate, with no serious adverse reactions.

     

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    Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) scaffolds carrying human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering
    Zhang Jun-biao, He Zhi-xu, Ye Chuan, Wang Yong, Wang Mei, Liu Qin, Yang Long, Li Jing, Ma Min-xian
    2016, 20 (21):  3057-3064.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.003
    Abstract ( 701 )   PDF (6666KB) ( 318 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: As a noticeable tissue engineering material of polyhydroxyalkanoates family, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)(P3HB4HB)exhibits good biocompatibility, adhesion and mechanical properties, presenting a extensive application future in tissue-engineered research.

     
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility in vitro and ectopic osteogenic differentiation in vivo of P3HB4HB and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
    METHODS: Passage 5 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted onto the three-dimensional P3HB4HB scaffold were incubated with osteogenic induction medium (test group) or with no osteogenic induction(control group), respectively. After 5-day incubation, the cell growth was assessed by acridine orange staining and scanning electron microscopy; after14-day incubation, both kinds of cell-scaffold composites were subcutaneously implanted into the nude mice. At 16 weeks after implantation, the cell-scaffold composites were removed to observe ectopic osteogenic differentiation in vivo using hematoxylin-eosin staining, von Kossa staining and collagen type I immunohistochemical staining.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Acridine orange staining showed that cells adhered well on the surface of the scaffold; under the scanning electron microscope, induced cells grew well on the P3HB4HB scaffold and produced abundant extracellular matrixes. In addition, at 16 weeks after implantation, there were osteoid tissues in the test group, positive for von Kossa staining as well as collagen type I immunohistochemical staining; furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed numerous osteoblasts and bone lacunas. In contrast, no bone tissues appeared in the control group. To conclude, P3HB4HB is a suitable material for bone tissue engineering.

     

     

     
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    A calcified biomimetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering in the treatment of martial arts-induced ankle injury
    Chen Hui-peng, Liu Ling-na
    2016, 20 (21):  3065-3070.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.004
    Abstract ( 520 )   PDF (4272KB) ( 247 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In sports or in daily life, damage due to sudden power, especially due to non-physiological release, is commonly seen. For example, during basketball, soccer, rugby, or martial arts movement, oppositional and explosive movements result in a higher incidence of ankle injuries. While conventional methods can improve symptoms, the long-term efficacy is unsatisfactory, accompanied by a higher incidence of complications that are likely to cause secondary damage.

    OBJECTIVE: To prepare a calcified biomimetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering and to observe the therapeutic effect of this scaffold on martial arts-induced ankle injuries.
    METHODS: Eighty patients with martial arts-induced ankle injury were selected from Chengdu Sport Institute between December 2014 and December 2015. These patients were randomly assigned to control group with drug treatment and biomimetic scaffold group with calcified biomimetic scaffold implantation (n=40 per group). Acellular suspension prepared by goat cartilage was used to make cartilage tissue blocks with a calcified layer with a diameter of 8 mm in a prechilled abrasive apparatus. Then, the calcified biomimetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering was prepared using lyophilization and chemical crosslinking methods.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteochondral tissues were partially hyalinized on the surface with the presence of osteochondral calcified layer. The hyalinized cartilage was white in color, the calcified layer existed between normal osteochondral tissues, and the subchondral bone was considered as the cancellous bone. Then the calcified layer was stained using hematoxylin-eosin. We found that cartilage cells in the calcified layer were basically removed, forming “empty nests” one by one. But the structure of bone cartilage in the tissue block, the calcified layer and the subchondral bone retained well. For pain assessment, visual analog scale scores were detected and showed no difference between two groups prior to treatment (P > 0.05), but became significantly higher in the biomimetic scaffold than the control group at 1 and 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05). Besides, the biomimetic scaffold exhibited better therapeutic efficacy than the drug treatment (P < 0.05). Overall, this study successfully prepare the calcified biomimetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering that is suitable for repair of sport-induced ankle injuries.

     

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    Effect of zein/chitosan composite membrane on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
    Li Chun-liang, Qin Feng, Li Lin-chang, Tang Bao-ming, Li Zhao-wei
    2016, 20 (21):  3071-3079.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.005
    Abstract ( 558 )   PDF (6201KB) ( 251 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Some scholars have prepared zein/chitosan composite membrane based on blending methods, and preliminary evaluation of its physical and chemical properties shows that chitosan partly improves the mechanical properties and hydrophilic properties of zein. Therefore, zein/chitosan composite membrane presumably has good cytocompatibility, which is beneficial to osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

     
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of zein/chitosan composite membrane on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and its feasibility as a bone tissue-engineered material.
    METHODS:With 60% acetic acid as solvent, zein/chitosan composite membrane was prepared by blending and casting method. The structure and physicochemical properties of the composite membrane were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tensile testing, water absorption testing and scanning electron microscopy. And the cytocompatibility of the membrane was evaluated by in vitro cell cufture. Besides, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rat were isolated via adherence screening method, and the effects of the composite membrane on the osteogenic differentiation of these cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent labeling and alkaline phosphatase assay.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tensile strength, water absorption and hydrophilicity of the films were improved with the chitosan increased; chitosan could promote cell proliferation indicating the good cytocompatibility of the composite films. Moreover, osteogenic induction occurred in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the composite membrane, and with an increase of chitosan, the induction was promoted. In conclusion, zein/chitosan composite membrane can be applied widely in the field of bone tissue engineering.

     

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    Nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells prevents femur nonunion
    Li Ang, Wang Xiao-yu, Xu Qian-nan, Bi Zheng-gang
    2016, 20 (21):  3080-3087.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.006
    Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (7469KB) ( 217 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Orthopedists should pay more attentions to nonunion prevention in view of nonunion treatment, that is, active interventions should be taken to avoid bone delayed union and nonunion.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of composite tissue-engineered scaffold constructed by nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (nHA/PA 66) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to repair a femoral fracture with severe nonunion.
    METHODS: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and then they were divided into three groups: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic induction, with osteogenic induction or combined with nHA/PA 66 followed by osteogenic induction as control group, test group or composite group, respectively. Then osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro was analyzed by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining, cell adhesion on the nHA/PA 66 was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the cell growth and proliferation were detected by MTT assay. In the meanwhile, established Sprague-Dawley rat femur nonunion models were randomly divided into three groups: the areas of nonunion were implanted with nothing as blank control group, those were with nHA/PA 66 as simple scaffold group, and the others were with nHA/PA 66 combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as composite scaffold group. Afterwards, X-ray examination, micro-CT and Masson staining were used to evaluate the femoral healing.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 6 and 12 days after osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase activity in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group; at 14 days, compared with the control group, the amount of mineralized nodules in the test group was significantly higher, which indicated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after osteogenic induction could differentiate into osteoblasts. Attached cells spread well on the scaffold with good proliferation activity, suggesting that nHA/PA 66 is suitable for cell adherence, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Besides, at 12 weeks after modeling, in the blank control group, no callus appeared in the nonunion region. In the simple scaffold group, the broken femur did not heal at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. In the composite scaffold group, the broken femur did not heal at 8 weeks, but a lot of callus appeared; at 12 weeks, bone healing achieved and the scaffold was encased and absorbed. These findings demonstrate that the tissue-engineered bone scaffolds constructed by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and nHA/PA 66 effectively prevent bone nonunion by accelerating femoral healing in a rat femur nonunion model.

     

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    Constructing tissue-engineered bladder by vascular endothelial growth factor nanoparticle-bacterial cellulose composite scaffold with various kinds of cells
    Zhang Xin-ru, Lu Wen-long, Feng Chao, Lv Xiang-guo, Zhu Wei-dong
    2016, 20 (21):  3088-3096.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.007
    Abstract ( 501 )   PDF (6889KB) ( 267 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Traditional bladder repair methods have many problems such as damage to normal organ function and many postoperative complications. Tissue engineering technology provides a new way for bladder repair.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of constructing tissue-engineered bladder with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) nanoparticle-bacterial cellulose (BC) composite scaffold with rabbit lingual epithelial cells and tongue muscle cells.
    METHODS: Rabbit lingual epithelial cells and muscle cells were successively implanted onto the BC scaffold (control group) and VEGF-BC scaffold (experimental group). Six rabbits were taken to make bladder defect models and randomized into two groups: experimental group implanted with VEGF-BC scaffold carrying autologous lingual epithelial cells and tongue muscle cells, and control group implanted with BC scaffold carrying autologous lingual epithelial cells and tongue muscle cells. Specimens were taken from the two groups for urographic evaluation and histological examination at 3 months after implantation. Meanwhile, the urodynamic tests were performed.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experimental group showed the relatively complete bladder, and the control group showed a small-area filling defect of the bladder. The maximum bladder capacity and bladder compliance in both two groups were decreased after implantation, especially significantly in the control group (P < 0.05). In the control group, it failed to build a complete epithelial cell layer, and the muscle layer and microvessels were formed a little. In the experimental group, the complete epithelial cell layer was formed, and a larger amount of muscle layers and capillaries appeared. These findings indicate that the VEGF-BC scaffold carrying lingual epithelial cells and tongue muscle cells can be used to construct the tissue-engineered bladder.

     

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     Biocompatibility of vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes
    Zhang Hang-zhou, Tian Ang, Liang Qing-wei, Bai Xi-zhuang, Xue Xiang-xin
    2016, 20 (21):  3097-3103.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.008
    Abstract ( 459 )   PDF (3927KB) ( 284 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In order to overcome the shortcomings of single materials, antibiotics-loaded hydroxyapatite/titanium composites have attracted people’s attentions.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes.
    METHODS: Mouse osteoblasts, MC-3T3-E1, were co-cultured with titanium (Cp-T), TiO2 nanotubes, and vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes, respectively. Cell morphology and growth were observed after 1, 3 and 5 days of co-culture under inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. The cell proliferation was detected by AO-EB method. The total protein, calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels were detected at 7 and 14 days of co-culture.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The MC-3T3-E1 cells with good viability and morphology adhered well on the surface of vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes compared with those on the surface of pure titanium and TiO2 nanotubes under the scanning electron miscroscope. Moreover, there were a large amount of pseudopodia on the surface of composite nanotubes. Compared with the other two groups, the cell number on the surface and the levels of intracellular calcium and alkaline phosphatase were all higher in the vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes group. These findings suggest that the vancomycin/hydroxyapatite/titanium nanotubes have good biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity.

     

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     Nano-cellulose protein versus acellular matrix in oral mucosa repair
    Wang Zhong-chao, Fan Li-yuan, Cai Wei, Jiang Jun-qiang
    2016, 20 (21):  3104-3109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.009
    Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (3971KB) ( 260 )   Save

     BACKGROUND: The sensitivity and mucus secretion of the oral mucosa make oral soft tissues difficult to repair, so patients cannot achieve satisfactory outcomes after treatment. Nano-cellulose protein mainly composed of glycine, alanine and serine has good histocompatibility. However, there is a lack of comparative study about the effect of nano-cellulose protein and acellular matrix in oral mucosa repair, and the clinical effects of the two materials are still under discussion.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of nano-cellulose protein versus acellular matrix in oral mucosa repair.
    METHODS: Oral mucosa defect models were prepared in rats, and these rat models were randomly divided into four groups: oral mucosa defects were repaired by vaseline (control group), nano-cellulose protein, bovine skin acellular matrix and human skin acellular matrix, respectively. Repair effects were compared among different materials within 2 months after surgery.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The diameter of oral mucosa defect measured using a vernier caliper, had no significant differences among groups at 1 day after surgery (P > 0.05); the diameter of oral mucosa defect in the nano-cellulose protein group was significantly lower than that in the other groups at 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery (P < 0.05); the diameter of oral mucosa defect in the bovine and human skin acellular matrix groups was significantly lower than that in the control group at 5 and 7 days after surgery (P < 0.05). Morphological observation of the oral mucosa under light microscope showed: the number of newborn capillary endothelial cells in the defect region had no significant differences among nano-cellulose protein, bovine acellular matrix and human acellular matrix groups at 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after surgery (P > 0.05); but there were significant differences in the number of newborn capillary endothelial cells between the control group and the other three groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, at 21 days after surgery, closely aligned and thicker new epithelial tissue could be found in the nano-cellulose protein group; in the bovine acellular matrix group, the defect region was repaired well, new epithelial tissue appeared and the number of inflammatory cells decreased; in the human acellular matrix group, inflammatory cells appeared obviously, and new epithelial tissue formed with the normal thickness. In contrast, abundant inflammatory cells and thinner epithelial tissues appeared in the control group. To conclude, both nano-cellulose protein and acellular matrix can accelerate wound healing by promoting oral mucosal epithelial hyperplasia.

     

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    Preparation of the small intestinal submucosa sponge
    Sun Hui-zhe, Tian Wei, Zeng Liang, Wang Xiao-jie, Wang Zheng-dong, Ren Yue, Kuang Bao-ping
    2016, 20 (21):  3110-3116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.010
    Abstract ( 538 )   PDF (1850KB) ( 551 )   Save

     BACKGROUND: Studies have found that small intestinal submucosa that is directly implanted into the lesion cannot effectively promote cell growth and differentiation in vivo and in vitro, because of its small pore size and poor permeability.

    OBJECTIVE: To establish the small intestinal submucosa sponge and to explore its morphological characteristics.
    METHODS: Porcine small intestinal submucosa was prepared by physiochemical method. Then the small intestinal submucosa with the mass fraction of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% was cross-linked by 50, 100 and 150 mmol/L 1-ehyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, respectively, so as to obtain small intestinal submucosa sponge, whose morphology was detected by lighting and scanning electron microscope. In the meanwhile, small intestinal submucosa as control group, and small intestinal submucosa sponge as test group were intramuscularly implanted into the back of rats, respectively. At 1, 2 and 3 weeks after implantation, histological changes and implant degradation were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. 

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The small intestinal submucosa sponge, which was prepared by the small intestinal submucosa with the mass fraction of 1% and 100 mmol/L cross-linking agent, had elastic and close space structure, uniform pore size and regular structure, so it was selected as the implant into the muscle. At 1 week after implantation, in the test group, the mesh sponge had the complete structure with few neutrophils, lymphocytes and giant cell reaction, and soft tissue hyperplasia and migration surrounding the implant appeared; in the control group, there were numerous inflammatory cells, and wound adhesion and little migration of surrounding tissues could be found. At 3 weeks, inflammatory cells mostly disappeared, and fibroblast-like cells and vascular components appeared, with thinner and regular collagen fiber bundles, and connective tissue-like structures could be found. In contrast, the control group still had numerous inflammatory cells and few collagen fibers. In conclusion, small intestinal submucosa sponge is a potential material used as the tissue-engineered skin scaffold.

     

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     Acellular amniotic membrane versus medical membrane to prevent tendon adhesion in tendon sheath repair
    Liu Guo-li, Yu Kun-lun, Bai Jiang-bo, Ma Tao, Yang Yan-tao, Tian De-hu
    2016, 20 (21):  3117-3123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.011
    Abstract ( 491 )   PDF (6772KB) ( 254 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Experiments have demonstrated that biological membranes can be used to reconstruct the tendon sheath and inhibit exogenous healing of the tendon. Therefore, these membranes provide a good bed for tendon gliding and reduce tendon adhesion.

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of acellular amniotic membrane and medical membrane against tendon adhesion during the repair of tendon sheath defects.
    METHODS: Toes III from the bipeds of 66 leghorns were chosen to prepare tendon injury and tendon sheath defect models, which were randomly divided into three groups (n=22 per group). Amnion group were repaired with acellular amniotic membrane, medical membrane group with absorbable membrane, and control group had no treatment on tendon sheath defects. Gross, histological and biomechanical tests of each group were performed at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery. 

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after surgery, in the amniotic membrane and medical membrane groups, the tendon sheath formed completely, and the tendon healed well, with no adhesion, but in the control group, there was serious tendon adhesion. At 8 weeks after surgery, the number of synovial cells in the false sheath was highest in the amniotic membrane group sequentially followed by the medical membrane group and control group. In the amniotic membrane group, the rough endoplasmic reticulum expanded highly and secreted exuberantly in the matrix, while in the control group, the synovial cells presented with messy arrangement, and expanded vacuoles in the matrix were weaker than those in the other two groups. At 12 weeks after surgery, fibroblasts were arrayed tidily in layer with dense structure in the medical membrane and amniotic membrane groups; but in the control group, fibroblasts were distributed disorderly with loose structure. Tendon sliding distance and total flexor toe angle in the amniotic membrane and medical film groups were significantly larger than those in the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the medical membrane and amniotic membrane groups. Additionally, the maximum tensile fracture strength had no significant difference among three groups at 12 weeks after surgery. These results indicate that both amniotic membrane and medical membrane can markedly protect the tendon from exogenous healing and adhesion.

     

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    E.max crowns by monolithic technique applied to endodontically treated molars
    Zheng Zhao-jie, Lv Wen-fang, Li Na, Zhang Peng, Song Ling, Lu Shu-lai, Cao Yang, Yu Jiang-bo, Guo Da-wei
    2016, 20 (21):  3124-3130.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.012
    Abstract ( 482 )   PDF (1166KB) ( 344 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: IPS e.max Press has an excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, which obtains satisfactory clinical outcomes on dental veneers, inlay and onlay restorations. But little is reported on molar monolithic restoration by IPS e.max Press crown.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of IPS e.max Press crown on molar repair after root canal therapy.
    METHODS: Totally 215 patients with 324 affected molars, including 88 males and 127 females, aged 22-58 years old, were enrolled for repairing with IPS e.max Press crown. Then the color, shape, fracture and edge coloring of the restoration, marginal discrepancy, secondary caries and gingival health status were assessed after a 3-year follow-up.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the follow-up, 324 dental restorations met the class A standards for color, marginal discrepancy, shape as well as secondary caries. In addition, 3 restorations were fractured, 14 restorations had margin coloring, and 8 restorations appeared to have gingival inflammation. More than 95% restorations were scored grade A. These results indicate that IPS e.max Press crown applied to molar repair after root canal therapy can achieve ideal outcomes.

     

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    Targis/composite fiber is used to repair young permanent tooth defects
    Yuan Zhi, Chen Yi-hui
    2016, 20 (21):  3131-3136.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.013
    Abstract ( 415 )   PDF (1114KB) ( 271 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Targis/composite fiber is a new type of non-metallic repair material that has good hardness and strength, but it is rarely reported on its application in the repair of young permanent tooth defects.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of Targis/composite fiber in repairing young permanent tooth defects.
    METHODS: Sixty cases of young permanent teeth defects 10-17 years of age were enrolled, including 27 males and 33 females. All cases were subjected to Targis/composite fiber repairing. After 36 months of follow-up, alkaline phosphatase level, probing depth, gingival sulcus bleeding index, tooth mobility, plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid volume and aspartate aminotransferase level in patients were detected; the integrity and edge of dental prosthesis and the color matching.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 36 months, the alkaline phosphatase level in the patients had no significant changes (P > 0.05), but the probing depth, gingival sulcus bleeding index, tooth mobility, plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid volume and aspartate aminotransferase level were decreased significantly compared with those before repair (P < 0.05). Additionally, there were two cases of incomplete dental prosthesis, six of color mismatching, and two of unsealed prosthesis edge. These findings indicate that the Targis/composite fiber for repairing young permanent tooth defects has good histocompatibility maintains periodontal health in good condition, is a kind of ideal repair materials.

     

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    Large watercress molded piece repairs approximal caries in molars of the elderly
    Chen Hong, He Jing, Zhang Peng-en
    2016, 20 (21):  3137-3142.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.014
    Abstract ( 813 )   PDF (1060KB) ( 258 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The large watercress molded piece is longer than that of the normal molded piece, which is suitable for dental restoration of elderly patients with gingival recession and relatively long crown. 

    OBJECTIVE: To test and verify the effect of large watercress molded piece on the auxiliary repair of approximal caries lesions in molars of the elderly.
    METHODS: Eighty-seven senile patients with molar approximal caries were randomly divided into two groups: those were repaired by large watercress molded piece as experimental group, and those repaired by traditional amalgam molded piece as control group. Then we compared the comfortable satisfaction rate, the excellent and good rate of repair and the gingival index between the two groups immediately, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after repair.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The comfortable satisfaction rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after repair (P < 0.05), and the gingival index was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The excellent and good rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at different time points after repair (P < 0.05). No loss or fracture of the restorations occurred in the two groups. These results demonstrate that the large watercress molded piece for repairing approximal caries lesions in molars of the elderly can better restore the anatomical shape and approximal points of teeth, and reduce food impaction and gingival inflammation.

     

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    Biocompatibility of rabbit annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells with genipin cross-linked decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hydrogels
    Liu Chen, Zhao Quan-lai, Wang Ling-ting, Wang Hong, Liu Ping, Li Bin, Xu Hong-guang
    2016, 20 (21):  3143-3149.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.015
    Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (1352KB) ( 291 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: To improve the mechanical properties and uncontrollability of degradation of decellularized matrix, we manufactured genipin cross-linked decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hydrogels as annulus fibrosus tissue-engineered scaffold.

    OBJECTIVE: To observe the biocompatibility of annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells with genipin cross-linked decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hydrogels, and the degradation of hydrogels in vivo.

    METHODS: Genipin cross-linked decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hydrogel scaffolds were prepared, and the internal structure and hydrophilic property of hydrogels was detected by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle meter, respectively. Afterwards, passage 1 rabbit annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells were seeded on the scaffolds for 3 days, cell morphology was observed by inverted immunofluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy after cytoskeleton staining, and additionally, curve of cell growth was obtained. In the meanwhile, the scafflods were transplanted into the intermuscular space of New Zealand white rabbits, and the degradation and inflammatory reaction of the hydrogels were observed after 4 weeks.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared hydrogel scaffold showed porous and network structure and the contact angle was (39.94±1.61)°; annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells adhered well on the scaffold surface with a faster growth rate. Furthermore, at 4 weeks after transplantation, the hydrogel in vivo was degraded, and inflammatory cells appeared. These findings indicate that genipin cross-linked decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix/chitosan hydrogels have good biocompatibility.

     

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    Biocompatibility of hirudin peptide-modified acrylic intraocular lens
    Li Su-hua, Zhang Yi-ni, Li Jian-bo
    2016, 20 (21):  3150-3155.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.016
    Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (1116KB) ( 234 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Because of poor biocompatibility, conventional intraocular lenses (IOLs) used to improve visual acuity can result in a higher incidence of inflammatory foreign body reactions.

     

    OBJECTIVE: To study the biocompatibility and therapeutic effects of hirudin peptide-modified acrylic IOL on eye diseases.

     

    METHODS: By immersion coating method, we prepared a polymethylmethacrylate IOL by the modification with hirudin polypeptides and observed its biocompatibility through the cytological observation. In this study, six New Zealand white rabbits were equivalently randomized into conventional and hirudin peptide grouppolypeptide hirudin group. Rabbits in the conventional group were given conventional lens implantation; while those in the hirudin peptide group underwent hirudin peptide-modified polymethylmethacrylate IOL.

     

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three days after implantation of hirudin peptide-modified polymethylmethacrylate IOL, cells proliferated and spread well on the acrylic IOL, but on the cell membrane, there were a few cells most of which were gathered spherically with no spreading. In the hirudin peptide group, some cells attached to the border zone migrated to the IOL surface, but did not impede the central visual field; in the conventional group, the IOL surface was still covered by fibrotic cell membrane. Compared with the conventional group, the score in the Schirmer I test was increased but the breakup time of tear film decreased in the hirudin peptide group. To conclude, the polymethylmethacrylate IOL modified by hirudin peptides has good physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, increases visual acuity, and yields satisfactory outcomes in the cataract treatment, which provides a new insight into the treatment of cataract.

     

     

     
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     Effect of lightweight polypropylene mesh versus standard polypropylene mesh on tension-free repair of inguinal hernia
    Zhou Xian-feng, Ma Cong, Wang Qi, Hu Hao
    2016, 20 (21):  3156-3162.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.017
    Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (1124KB) ( 239 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Lightweight polypropylene mesh with lower content of polypropylene is added with some absorbable ingredients, and will these ingredients cause adverse reactions in vivo?

     

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of lightweight polypropylene mesh and standard polypropylene mesh on tension-free repair of inguinal hernia.

     

    METHODS: Forty patients with inguinal hernia were randomly divided into two groups (n=20 per group): the patients were treated by lightweight polypropylene mesh as experimental group and those treated by standard polypropylene mesh as control group. At 2 days after surgery, white blood cell counts, neutrophils percentage and level of C-reactive protein were detected. Furthermore, pain scores as well as discomfort incidence and complications were assessed and recorded at 2 days, 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, respectively.

     

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in postoperative complications between two groups. White blood cell counts and neutrophils percentage in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), but the level of C-reactive protein had no significant difference. Besides, pain scores had no significant difference between the two groups, but the postoperative discomfort incidence in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P < 0.05). In conclusion, lightweight polypropylene mesh can reduce postoperative inflammation and discomfort incidence.

     

     

     
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    Surface shear stress of intracranial aneurysm stent based on CT data
    Wei He, Muhetaer Kelimu, Liu Xiao-yue
    2016, 20 (21):  3163-3170.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.018
    Abstract ( 440 )   PDF (1363KB) ( 298 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Numerical stimulation technology is a good method to analyze blood flow changes after intracranial aneurysm stenting that often result in restenosis.

     

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the hemodynamic effect of stent implantation on patient-specific intracranial aneurysm and the distribution of the wall shear stress on the stent surface.

     

    METHODS: Brain CT data from a patient with intracranial aneurysm were extracted and optimized to establish a patient-specific intracranial aneurysm materialization model. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional model of rectangular section spiral stent was designed to develop an aneurysm model with the stent by the method of boolean operation. Then, the possibility of restenosis was analyzed based on the distribution of wall shear stress on the surface of stent model. 

     

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wall shear stress on the stent surface which was more than 40 Pa increased along with the increase of blood velocity and blood viscosity at the same moment. However, the wall shear stress on the stent surface which was less than 0.5 Pa decreased along with the increase of blood viscosity, and its distribution was the largest when the blood velocity was 0. This stent provides a new insight into the controlling of the aneurysm growth and rupture, but the restenosis area is too large. In order to prevent restenosis, the stent need to be optimized or reselected to keep the desired shear stress values of 0.5 to 40 Pa, and meanwhile to minimize the pulsating change of wall shear stress during a cardiac cycle.

     

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

     
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     Visual function of senile cataract patients after implantation of an aspheric multifocal versus an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens
    Wang Guo-qiang, Zhao Yan, Zhao Yan-tao, Ding Ying
    2016, 20 (21):  3171-3177.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.019
    Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (1081KB) ( 348 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Monofocal intraocular lens can restore distant vision of cataract patients, but it is not suitable for near vision recovery, so most of patients still need to wear glasses. In contrast, multifocal intraocular lens can make up for the shortcomings of the single lens to improve near vision and increase the rate of taking off the spectacles.

     

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the visual function of senile cataract patients after aspheric multifocal and monofocal intraocular lens implantation.

     

    METHODS: Totally 30 senile cataract patients with 50 affected eyes were randomly divided into two groups: the eyes were implanted with aspheric multifocal and monofocal intraocular lens as experimental group and control group, respectively. At 3 months after implantation, distance visual acuity at a distance of 5 m, the best corrected distance visual acuity, as well as near and intermediate visual acuity at a distance of 30, 60 and 100 cm were detected, respectively. Besides, contrast sensitivity at a spatial frequency of 0.8, 1.5, 6 and 18 cpd under light and dark environment was measured.

     

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 months after implantation, the distance visual acuity at a distance of 5 m in the two groups was significantly better than that before surgery (P < 0.05); no significant differences were found in near and intermediate visual acuities at a distance of 5 m and 100 cm between two groups, but the near visual acuities at a distance of 30 and 60 cm in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the contrast sensitivity at different spatial frequencies under light environment had no significant differences between two groups; and compared with the control group, contrast sensitivity at the frequency of 6 cpd under dark environment was significantly decreased in the experimental group (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in the other spatial frequencies. These results show that aspheric multifocal intraocular lens can significantly improve the near and intermediate visual acuity of senile cataract patients compared with the monofocal lens.

     

     

     
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    Preparation of zirconia bioceramics and its application in prosthodontics
    Wang Qiang, Yin Jiao-jiao, Yang Hua-zhe
    2016, 20 (21):  3178-3184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.020
    Abstract ( 681 )   PDF (1285KB) ( 294 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Zirconia is considered to be one of the promising prosthodontics materials because of its high strength, high hardness, excellent wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the development of zirconia is hindered owing to the uncertainty in long-term stability of zirconia all-ceramic crowns such as the cracking (chipping) of veneering porcelain and deterioration of mechanical properties of zirconia dental crowns under intraoral conditions.

     

    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the preparation of zirconia bioceramic and its application progress in the field of prosthodontics.

     

    METHODS: The properties, crystal structure, preparation and use of zirconia in prosthodontics were reviewed. Reasons that affected the stability of zirconia were also discussed. The future development of zirconia was forecasted.

     

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Preparation of zirconia bioceramics involves the following aspects: powder synthesis, biscuit molding, and ceramic sintering. To improve the istability of zirconia all-ceramic crowns, we optimize the preparation of zirconia powder to promote the purity, mechanical properties, biological properties and stability. Furthermore, it is necessary to explore the effects of crystal nucleation, growth, second phase and grain size on crystal stability and biomechanical properties of the tooth abutment, as well as to conduct an in-depth theoretical analysis on the effect of tooth abutment and lattice matching of porcelain crowns on the interface.

     

     

     
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    Anti-adhesion effect of absorbable biomaterials during tendon reconstruction
    Kang Dong
    2016, 20 (21):  3185-3192.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.21.021
    Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (1083KB) ( 293 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: After sports tendon injury, tendon adhesion is the main reason for the failure to repair tendon injury. So, an ideal anti-adhesion material plays an important role in the tendon reconstruction.

     

    OBGECTIVE: To analyze the clinical effect and features of absorbable medical biomaterials in inhibiting tendon adhesion after repair of sports tendon injury.  

     

    METHODS: CNKI and PubMed database were retrieved by the first author using computer to search relevant articles about meniscal repair and tissue engineering technology published from 1988 to 2015. The key words were “tendon repair, tendon adhesion, absorbable biomaterials” in Chinese and English, respectively.  

     

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Basic and clinical studies on absorbable anti-adhesion materials have achieved remarkable results. Currently absorbable anti-adhesion materials include hyaluronic acid, polylactic acid, collagen and fibrin glue, which have good biocompatibility and can be absorbed and degraded in vivo. With simple clinical implementation, these materials can completely cover the wound surface. The main mechanisms are as follows: reducing the generation of collagen fibers, isolation barrier, accelerating hemostasis, antisepsis and anti-inflammation, thereby effectively reducing reconstructed tendon adhesion and promoting tendon healing. But they have their limitations: hyaluronic acid has short acting duration in vivo and immunogenicity; polylactic acid eventually is decomposed into small molecules that can cause aseptic inflammation; collagen and fibrin glue both have certain shortcomings in biocompatibility and activity.

     

     

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