Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 2437-2444.doi: 10.12307/2024.268

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Application of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategy for treatment of growth plate cartilage regeneration

Guo Ruoyi, Zhuang Hanjie, Chen Xiuning, Ben Yulong, Fan Minjie, Wang Yiwei, Zheng Pengfei   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-03-13 Accepted:2023-04-28 Online:2024-05-28 Published:2023-09-23
  • Contact: Zheng Pengfei, Associate professor, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Guo Ruoyi, Department of Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program, No. BE2019608 (to ZPF); Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China, No. 2022M721685 (to ZPF); Jiangsu Health Commission Medical Research Program, No. 2020158 (to ZPF); Nanjing Science and Technology Development Plan Medical and Health International Joint Research and Development Project, No. 2020 (to ZPF); National Facility for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) Open Program, No. TMSK-2021-304 (to ZPF); Key Program of Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development, No. ZKX18041 (to ZPF)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering is considered an ideal treatment for growth plate regeneration. However, most of the current research on regenerative tissue engineering is the traditional scaffold-based strategy. As the limitations of traditional scaffolds are gradually revealed, the research direction is gradually diversifying.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies in the treatment of growth plate cartilage regeneration and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
METHODS: The relevant articles were searched from PubMed, Wiley, and Elsevier. The search terms were “growth plate injury, regeneration, tissue engineering, scaffold, scaffold-free, biomimetic, cartilage” in English. The time was limited from 1990 to 2023. Finally, 104 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The biomimetic strategy is to reduce the cell composition, biological signals and unique mechanical properties of each region to the greatest extent by simulating the unique organizational structure of the growth plate, so as to build a biomimetic microenvironment that can promote tissue regeneration. Therefore, the design of a biomimetic scaffold is to simulate the original growth plate as far as possible in terms of composition, structure and mechanical properties. Although some results have been achieved, there is still the problem of the unstable regeneration effect. The scaffold-free strategy believes that the limitations of scaffolds will have adverse effects on regenerative therapy. Therefore, the design of scaffold-free constructs relies as much as possible on the ability of cells to generate and maintain extracellular matrix without interfering with cell-cell signals or introducing exogenous substances. However, there are some problems, such as poor stability, low mechanical strength and greater difficulty in operation. Biomimetic strategy and scaffold-free strategy have different emphases, advantages and disadvantages, but they both have positive effects on growth plate cartilage regeneration. Therefore, subsequent studies, whether adopting a biomimetic strategy or a scaffold-free strategy, will focus on the continuous optimization of existing technologies in order to achieve effective growth plate cartilage regeneration therapy. 

Key words: growth plate injury, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, scaffold, biomimetic, scaffold-free

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