Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (33): 5385-5393.doi: 10.12307/2023.687

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Bidirectional interaction between inflammatory factors and dental pulp stem cells during bone regeneration

Xu Rongwei, Wang Hao, Fu Qiuyue, Lan Xingming, Yang Kun   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • Received:2022-09-24 Accepted:2022-10-12 Online:2023-11-28 Published:2023-03-30
  • Contact: Yang Kun, MD, Associate professor, Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Xu Rongwei, Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China Wang Hao, Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Health Commission, No. gzwkj2022-169 (to YK); Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Fund Plan, No. [2020]1Y328 (to YK); Zunyi Science and Technology Plan Project, No. HZ(2021)302 (to YK)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental pulp stem cells have excellent characteristics of multi-directional differentiation. Among them, osteogenic differentiation potential has a good prospect in bone tissue engineering and regeneration therapy, while inflammatory factors are strongly associated with it.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on the bidirectional effects of inflammatory factors and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells during bone regeneration.
METHODS: In the PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, the search terms were “dental pulp stem cells, inflammation, osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration”in Chinese and “dental pulp stem cell*, dpsc*, inflam*, osteogenic differentiation, ossification, osteogenesis, bone formation” in English. Relevant articles published from 2012 to 2022 were retrieved, and 76 articles were finally included for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) As dental mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells have well-known multi-directional differentiation characteristics, among which the osteogenic differentiation potential is a research hotspot of bone tissue engineering. (2) Inflammatory factors are strongly associated with bone regeneration mediated by dental pulp stem cells whether they are the microenvironment where cells live, the adjustable immune inflammatory response, or the inflammatory disease with bone tissue defect that needs regeneration. In recent years, there has been no lack of related research. (3) This article selected relevant articles in the past decade, and found that even inflammatory dental pulp stem cells from inflamed pulp tissue still retain certain osteogenic differentiation potential. Further analysis of the bidirectional relationship between inflammatory factors and dental pulp stem cells during bone regeneration found that the effect of inflammatory factors on the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and the immune regulation of dental pulp stem cells on inflammation have both promoting and inhibiting effects. This is mainly related to the type, concentration and time of inflammatory mediators, but the specific mechanisms are not comprehensive. (4) Recently, scholars’ researches focus on exploring the promoting factors that mediate the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in an inflammatory environment, especially the exogenous factors in addition to inflammatory mediators, such as drugs. (5) Some animal experiments and a few clinical trials have verified the therapeutic effect of dental pulp stem cells on inflammatory bone defect diseases especially periodontitis and arthritis by using the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties of dental pulp stem cells. (6) At present, there is still a big gap in the research on the mechanism of the bidirectional interaction between inflammatory factors and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells during bone regeneration, which needs further investigation and verification in the future.

Key words: dental pulp stem cell, dental pulp stem cells from inflamed pulps, inflammation, osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration, bone tissue engineering, treatment, review

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