Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (23): 3710-3715.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0309

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Development and biomechanical properties of occipital atlantoaxial complex in 0-6-year-old children: a finite element analysis  

Feng Hui-mei1, 2, Wang Xing1, Zhang Shao-jie1, Xu Yang-yang2, Su Bao-ke2, Li Kun2, Wang Hai-yan1, Li Xiao-he1, Li Zhi-jun1   

  1. 1Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Online:2018-08-18 Published:2018-08-18
  • Contact: Li Zhi-jun, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Feng Hui-mei, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81260269, 81560348 and 81660358; the Higher Education Research Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. NJZC16108; the Science and Technology Million Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 2015YKDKJBW03 and YKD2017KJBW009

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: All types of severe trauma, malformations, tumors, tuberculosis, and inflammation in 0-6 years old children can easily cause damage to the occipital atlantoaxial complex. When the injury compresses the medulla oblongata, the upper cervical cord, nerves, and blood vessels, surgical correction is needed to restore the mechanical stability of the area. Given that this period of children have different development characteristics from adolescents and adults, the design of internal fixators through anterior, posterior or lateral approaches, orthopedic fixation and mechanical mechanism have not been studied in-depth and unified at home and abroad.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphological development and mechanical mechanism of occipital atlantoaxial complex morphological characteristics in children aged 0-6 years, and to enrich the database of developmental morphological, imaging, and microstructural mechanics of Chinese, and to provide reference for prevention, diagnosis of the disease and treatment and internal fixation device design, research and development.
METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases was performed for the articles published between January 2004 and December 2017. The keywords were “0-6 years old, pediatric, occipital atlantoaxial complex, anatomy, biomechanical” in English and Chinese, respectively. Eighty-two articles were retrieved, and 58 articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The complex anatomy of the vertebral and skull bases in Children aged 0-6 years is more subtle and highly variable, and the adjacent relationship is complex. Therefore, the adult or juvenile screw-related technical data cannot be applied in developing children, and the surgical risk is very high. Thus, improving the accuracy of nail placement and reducing the error rate have become the key for whether internal fixation can be widely utilized in the occipital atlantoaxial complex surgeries. (2) The severe injury of occipital atlantoaxial complex in 0-6 years old children should be treated with internal fixation, and posterior internal fixation is a commonly used method. Because accompanied with a variety of deformities, and the bone structure is different among children, internal fixation becomes very difficult. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Finite Element Analysis, Atlanto-Axial Joint, Atlanto-Occipital Joint, Child, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number: