Effect of treadmill exercise on the repair of full-thickness knee cartilage defects

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.004

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: As the articular cartilage has a special anatomical position, its function is often affected by movement. Whether exercise training can promote the cartilage repair still needs to be confirmed.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different intensities of treadmill exercises on the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rats.
METHODS: Forty rats were selected, and the models of full-thickness articular cartilage defects (3.2 mm in diameter) on the femoral surface were made with a orthopedic drill, followed by randomized into model, low-, moderate- and high-intensity exercise groups (n=10 per group). The rats in the model group were allowed free cage activity. The rats in the low-intensity exercise group exercised on the platform, and the platform speed was 8.2 m/min; rats in the middle-intensity exercise group exercised on the 5° treadmill, and the speed was controlled at 15.5 m/min; rats in the high-intensity exercise group exercised on the 10° treadmill, and the speed was controlled at 26.7 m/min.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 and inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase in the latter three groups were significantly lower than those in the model group at 8 weeks after exercise (P < 0.05), and the level was the lowest in the moderate-intensity exercise group (P < 0.05). In the moderate-intensity exercise group, there were fibrous tissues in the defect area, which were connected with the adjacent cartilage, and the repair effect was superior to that in the other three groups. To conclude, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise can promote the repair of full-thickness knee cartilage defects in rats, thereby improving functional recovery of the rat knee joint.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Key words: Chondrocytes, Knee Joint, Cartilage, Articular, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Zhao Sen-quan, Mao Xin-run. Effect of treadmill exercise on the repair of full-thickness knee cartilage defects[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2017, 21(16): 2478-2483.

Figures/Tables 1

2.1 实验动物数量分析 40只大鼠全部进入结果分析，中途无脱落。 2.2 大体观察 4组大鼠跑台运动前精神状态较好，能正常饮食。模型组术后饮食差，2只大鼠切口发生感染，且活动较差。低强度运动组与高强度运动组治疗后饮食一般，切口均愈合，治疗后未见明显感染，活动一般；中强度运动组大鼠治疗后饮食良好，切口均愈合且未见感染，活动情况与跑台运动前接近。跑台运动8周后，低强度运动组大鼠关节发生轻微粘连，软骨缺损部位有白色的类骨组织填充，并未与周围正常软骨结合，无溃疡形成。中强度运动组关节未见粘连，表面光滑，与周围正常软骨结合，无溃疡形成。高强度运动组缺损部位明显，表面略粗糙，无溃疡形成。模型组未采取任何处理，缺损部位明显，表面粗糙(图2)。 2.3 血清基质金属蛋白酶3、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂浓度 4组大鼠跑台运动前血清基质金属蛋白酶3和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂水平差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；跑台运动8周后，低、中、高强度运动强度组血清基质金属蛋白酶3、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂浓度低于模型组(P < 0.05)，中强度运动组血清基质金属蛋白酶3、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂浓度低于低、高强度运动强度组(P < 0.05；表1)。 2.4 Ⅱ型胶原含量跑台运动4周后时，低强度运动组缺损区以类软骨组织为主，与相邻正常关节结合紧密，组织浅层可见Ⅱ型胶原表达；高强度运动组可见幼稚的细胞，与相邻关节软骨结合紧密，Ⅱ型胶原阳性表达较强。中强度运动组缺损区以纤维组织为主，与相邻关节软骨连接，结合紧密，有细胞生成，Ⅱ型胶原阳性表达率，高于模型组(P < 0.05；图3)。跑台运动8周后时，低强度运动组在缺损区以类软骨组织修复，与周围关节软骨联系紧密，可见Ⅱ型胶原阳性表达，高于模型组(P < 0.05)；高强度运动组跑台运动8周后可见较多的幼稚修复细胞，与相邻关节软骨结合紧密，细胞数量相对较少。中强度运动组缺损区与相邻关节软骨连接，结合紧密，可见大量II胶原阳性表达，高于其他3组(P < 0.05；图3)。 2.5 病理表现番红染色结果显示，低强度运动组跑台运动4周后可见不成熟纤维细胞，排列紊乱，周围软骨无破坏且与修复组织间存在少许细胞；跑台运动8周后缺损部位仍未完全修复，缺损部位有陷窝，但是数量少。高强度运动组跑台运动4周后基质未见染色，缺损部位组织遭到明显破坏。跑台运动8周后缺损区无明显好转，仅底部薄层修复组织，周围软骨形成无细胞区，关节面恢复较差。中强度运动组跑台运动4周后缺损部位与正常组织两端结合，厚度基本正常，细胞数量较多，接近正常软骨细胞。跑台运动8周后缺损表面光滑，基质深染，细胞椭圆形，数量较多，接近正常软骨，模型组模型建立后未进行任何处理番红染色未见新生组织，缺损部位明显，见图4。"

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