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08 June 2017, Volume 21 Issue 16 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Correlation between resistin level and severity of knee osteoarthritis Song Yong-zhou, Guan Jian, Li Ming, Ma Wei, Tong Jiu-hui, Su Rui-hong 2017, 21 (16):  2461-2466.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.001 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 152 )   Save BACKGROUND: Resistin has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between resistin level in serum and synovial fluid and the severity of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with knee osteoarthritis and 79 healthy individuals were recruited. The Noyes  score method was used to assess articular cartilage damage arthroscopically. The severity of knee osteoarthritis was evaluated according to the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score. The radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis was assessed by the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system. The levels of resistin and cross linked C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) in serum and synovial fluid were determined by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The resistin level in the synovial fluid was positively correlated with the radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis, WOMAC pain, WOMAC function, and WOMAC total scores, but showed no correlation with the WOMAC stiffness score. There were no significant correlations between the serum level of resistin and WOMAC total scores, subscale or K-L Grading system in the the osteoarthritis patients. Multiple regression analysis showed that the correlation between the synovial fluid level of resistin and WOMAC scores was of significance after removal of other confounding factors, and the resistin level in the synovial fluid was positively correlated with Noyes scores and CTX-II level. These results suggest that the resistin level in the synovial fluid can serve as a potential biomarker reflecting the severity of knee osteoarthritis and cartilage degenerative degree in patients with osteoarthritis.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics of 1 638 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures in Hohhot Ji Hao-yu 2017, 21 (16):  2467-2471.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.002 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 160 )   Save BACKGROUND: Femoral intertrochanteric fractures are closely related to sex, age, geographical environment and race. But there is a lack of epidemiology studies on femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological features of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in Hohhot. METHODS: The clinical data of 1 638 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures admitted in four hospitals of Hohhot from May 2008 to April 2015, including their age, gender, the etiology, time of injury, fracture types, were collected and reviewed retrospectively, and the distribution of the epidemiological characteristics were described.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients aged 70-79 years accounted for 27.35%, which was the highest in all groups. The overall proportion of older patients was up to 61.17%, among whom, the number of patients with the age of 75-89 years (33.82%) was the highest, and the number of children was the lowest (6.53%). The number of male patients was higher than that of female patients before the age of 50 years, and there was a small peak incidence in age of 10-19 years, but the number of female patients was more than that of male patients after 50 years (P < 0.05). Falling down became the leading cause of femoral intertrochanteric injury, accounting for 50.16% (P < 0.05); in addition, traffic and high falling injuries were also the major injury causes in male patients. The highest incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures occurred in winter (36.75%), while the lowest incidence was found in spring (15.75%). The incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures showed the epidemic peak in November, while it was lowest in July. According to the Evans classification, type III was the most common (35.23%), and the proportion of unstable fracture was significantly higher than that of stable fracture (63.74% vs. 36.26%, P < 0.05). 31-A2 fractures accounted for 57.02% in AO classification. To conclude, the distribution of patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures in Hohhot exhibits certain epidemiological characteristics in the aspects of age, sex, etiology, time of injury, and fracture types.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogenic ability of fascia- versus muscle-derived cells in rats Su Hai-bin, Li Guang-heng 2017, 21 (16):  2472-2477.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.00 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (5646KB) ( 135 )   Save BACKGROUND: Multipotent differentiation ability enables mesenchymal stem cells from autologous bone marrow to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, thereby promoting the formation of bones and cartilage. However, the osteogenic ability differs from each other, and whose osteogenic ability is the best still needs to be studied further. OBJECTIVE: To compare the osteogenic ability of fascia- and muscle-derived stem cells in rats. METHODS: Fascia- and muscle-derived cells were isolated from 20 rats, followed by flow cytometry sorting, and were then cultured. FDC-LacZ cells were transfected with retro-BMP4 virus twice. Afterwards, the transfection efficiency of fascia-derived cells was detected through LacZ and alkaline phosphatase staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with fascia-derived cells, muscle-derived cells showed stronger chondrogenic ability and produced more calcium deposition. These findings indicate that the osteogenic ability of muscle-derived cells is superior to that of fascia-derived cells in rats.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of treadmill exercise on the repair of full-thickness knee cartilage defects Zhao Sen-quan, Mao Xin-run 2017, 21 (16):  2478-2483.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.004 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (4523KB) ( 166 )   Save BACKGROUND: As the articular cartilage has a special anatomical position, its function is often affected by movement. Whether exercise training can promote the cartilage repair still needs to be confirmed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different intensities of treadmill exercises on the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rats. METHODS: Forty rats were selected, and the models of full-thickness articular cartilage defects (3.2 mm in diameter) on the femoral surface were made with a orthopedic drill, followed by randomized into model, low-, moderate- and high-intensity exercise groups (n=10 per group). The rats in the model group were allowed free cage activity. The rats in the low-intensity exercise group exercised on the platform, and the platform speed was 8.2 m/min; rats in the middle-intensity exercise group exercised on the 5° treadmill, and the speed was controlled at 15.5 m/min; rats in the high-intensity exercise group exercised on the 10° treadmill, and the speed was controlled at 26.7 m/min. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 and inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase in the latter three groups were significantly lower than those in the model group at 8 weeks after exercise (P < 0.05), and the level was the lowest in the moderate-intensity exercise group (P < 0.05). In the moderate-intensity exercise group, there were fibrous tissues in the defect area, which were connected with the adjacent cartilage, and the repair effect was superior to that in the other three groups. To conclude, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise can promote the repair of full-thickness knee cartilage defects in rats, thereby improving functional recovery of the rat knee joint.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule on miR-27a in the synovium and chondrocytes in Sprague-Dawley rats with osteoarthritis Sun Zhi-tao, Lai Ju-yi, He Sheng-hua, Wang Ye-guang, Wang Jian, Feng Hua-long, Huang Fei-qiang 2017, 21 (16):  2484-2488.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.005 Abstract ( 453 )   PDF (4313KB) ( 255 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule, a well-known traditional prescription, exhibits remarkable treatment outcomes in knee osteoarthritis, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory effect of Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule on miR-27a of synovial cells in Sprague-Dawley rats with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: The model of knee osteoarthritis was established in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats using Hulth method, and then these rat models were randomized into four groups, followed by given75 mg/kg normal saline (blank control group), 34 (low-dose group), 75 (medium-dose group) and 140 (high-dose group) mg/kg Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule aqueous solvent via gavage according to body mass, respectively, twice daily, for consecutive 2 courses (15 days as a course) with 2 days in between. The synovium and cartilages were removed after each course, and the expression of miR-27a in the knee joint synovium and chondrocytes was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation found that the degeneration of synovium and cartilage in the Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule groups was milder than that in the blank control group. Real-time PCR revealed that there was an increasing trend in the expression of miRNA-27a in the synovium and cartilage in each group, especially in the high-dose group, and there was a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). Our findings show that Bushen Huoxue Tongluo Capsule can suppress the reduced expression of miRNA-27a in the synovium and chondrocytes in rats with knee osteoarthritis, further alleviating knee degeneration and protecting the knee from damage.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dexmedetomidine relieves oxidative stress and inflammatory damage after tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury Shen Peng-fei, Wang Bin, Xie Zi-kang, Zheng Chong, Qu Yu-xing 2017, 21 (16):  2489-2494.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.006 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 215 )   Save BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine has been shown to fight against ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by tourniquets. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of dexmedetomidine on the oxidative stress and inflammatory damage caused by tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Seventy-six patients scheduled for lower limb operation were randomized into two groups: patients in dexmedetomidine group were given the intravenous injection of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for 10 minutes, followed by 0.5 μg/kg•h until the end of operation; while the controls were subjected to 0.9% saline injection at an equivalent velocity and volume. The levels of serum propanediol, lactic dehydrogenase, superoxyde dismutase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8 were detected before tourniquet inflation, 10, 60 and 120 minutes after tourniquet release. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In both two groups, the serum levels of propanediol, lactic dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8 after tourniquet release were significantly higher and the serum superoxyde dismutase level was significantly lower than those before tourniquet inflation (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the serum levels of propanediol, lactic dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8, and increased the serum superoxyde dismutase level after tourniquet release (P < 0.05). These results suggest that dexmedetomidine can attenuate the oxidative stress and inflammatory damage resulting from tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury probably by up-regulating the serum superoxyde dismutase level, and down-regulating the serum levels of propanediol, lactic dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and -8.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pills on the extracellular matrix components of intervertebral disc degeneration models in vitro Xu Wu-ji, Yang Kang, Liu Si-hua 2017, 21 (16):  2495-2501.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.007 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (1133KB) ( 150 )   Save BACKGROUND: Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LWPs), a famous Chinese prescription for replenishing the liver and kidney, have achieved good effect in the treatment of backache. However, the mechanism underlying LWPs treating backache with kidney deficiency is unclear.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of LWPs on extracellular matrix components of rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration models in vitro, and to explore the effect of LWPs in the prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.  METHODS: Totally 100 L1-6 intervertebral discs with endplate removed from 20 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), p38-JNK/SAPK blocked, LWPs, and combination groups (n=20 per group). 2 μL of 10 mg/L TNF-α, 10 μL of 20 μmol/L SB203580 (specific inhibitor of p38MAPK) and SP600125 (inhibitor of JNK), 10% LWPs serum, 10% LWPs combined with 2 μL of 10 mg/L TNF-α were added into the medium of the corresponding group. Samples were collected at 2, 4, 6 and 14 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The addition of TNF-α significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of collagen type I, while significantly downregulated the levels of glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate/keratan sulfate ratio, as well as the protein and mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan and collagen type II (P < 0.05). LWPs could partly reverse the changes caused by TNF-α, indicating that LWPs can alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration to a certain extent.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on chondrocytes in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis Wu Hao, Meng Zhi-chao, Cao Yong-ping, Pan Li-ping, Zhou Xing-tong, Yang Xin, Liu Heng, Wang Rui, Cui Yun-peng, Li Xiang, Li Zhuo-yang 2017, 21 (16):  2502-2508.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.008 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (5644KB) ( 177 )   Save BACKGROUND: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been proved to be related to the occurrence of diabetes, dilated cardiomyopathy and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, it is closely associated with osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ER stress on the chondrocyte viability as well as the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis in rats. METHODS: Rat chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, and the ER stress in the rat chondrocytes was by 10 mg/L tunicamycin. The expression levels of ER stress markers C/EBP-homologous protein and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein were detected by western blot assay, and the proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and AnnexinV-FITC flow cytometry, respectively. In the in vivo experiment, 15 Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscectomy to establish an animal model of osteoarthritis. Tunicamycin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid and PBS (blank control group) were respectively injected into the articular cavity, and then the progression of osteoarthritis was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After addition of tunicamycin, the expression levels of C/EBP-homologous protein and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein were significantly upregulated, the viability of chondrocytes was decreased gradually, while the apoptotic rate was increased significantly. Results from gross observation and hematoxylin-eosin staining suggested that tunicamycin promoted the progression of osteoarthritis and tauroursodeoxycholic acid delayed the deterioration of cartilage in the rats. These findings indicate that ER stress results in the decreased chondrocyte viability and increased apoptosis, which may be an important pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Additionally, tauroursodeoxycholic acid can effectively alleviate osteoarthritis induced by ER stress.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of different intensities of extracorporeal shock waves on the osteogenesis ability of alveolar osteoblasts Guo Yuan, Zhang Chi, Liu Song, Wang Zhao, Pan Xing-fei, Wang Le 2017, 21 (16):  2509-2514.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.009 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (4209KB) ( 160 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oral inflammatory diseases usually cause alveolar bone loss and odontoseisis, and further impact dental occlusion. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a promising method for the repair of alveolar bone and improving osteogenic activity of alveolar osteoblasts, but its therapeutic efficacy and related mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of different intensities of ESWT on the proliferation and osteogenesis abilities of rat alveolar osteoblasts. METHODS: The rat alveolar osteoblasts were obtained and cultured in vitro, and further identified by alkaline phosphatase staining. 0.18, 0.36, and 0.50 mJ/mm2 ESWT was used to stimulate the rat alveolar osteoblasts, 100 pulses, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein 2 were significantly increased in the 0.36 and 0.18 mJ/mm2 ESWT groups, especially in the 0.36 mJ/mm2 ESWT group (P < 0.05). 0.50 mJ/mm2 ESWT significantly decreased the proliferation ability of rat alveolar osteoblasts and downregulated the levels of alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (P < 0.05). To conclude, ESWT (< 0.36 mJ/mm2) can improve the osteogenesis ability of rat alveolar osteoblasts with the intensity increasing, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical use of ESWT in the alveolar bone repair.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flow shear stress promotes the endothelialization of small diameter tissue-engineered vessels  Zhang Wei, Song Ai-jing 2017, 21 (16):  2515-2520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.010 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (3253KB) ( 250 )   Save BACKGROUND: Magnitude and action ways of flow shear stress are important for the endothelialization of small diameter tissue-engineered vessels (TEV), and the TEV resistance ability to blood flow even decides the destiny of implantation. There are many studies on how to construct the TEV and improve anticoagulant ability of TEV after host cell implantation, but the effects of different flow shear stresses on the TEV endothelialization is rarely reported, which may be helpful for increasing the success rate of TEV implantation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of flow shear stresses in single level or stepwise increased on the endothelialization of small diameter TEV and to optimize the TEV in the aspects of shear stress magnitude and loading method. METHODS: The number, morphology and adhesion ability of endothelial cells on the inner wall of TEV were observed through silver nitrate and F-actin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Single-level shear stress at 2.5, 3.0 N/m2 for 2 hours removed almost all the endothelial cells seeded on the inner wall of TEV. In contrast, stepwise increased shear stress from 0.5 N/m2 to 3.0 N/m2 at an increase of 0.2 N/m2/2 hours maintained the integrity and oriented along the flow direction, and could induce stress fibers productionin endothelial cells. These results suggest that the stepwise increased flow shear stress can improve the endothelialization of TEV.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Variations in the root and root canal of permanent mandibular first molars in the Han population of southwest Shandong Province: a three-dimensional reconstruction based on cone-beam CT data using Planmeca Romexis software Ma Hai-feng, Geng Hai-xia, Qian Jun-rong, Liu He, Liu Ping 2017, 21 (16):  2521-2526.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.011 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (1092KB) ( 249 )   Save BACKGROUND: The number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars vary greatly among different populations; therefore, it is important to be familiar with the variations in the root and root canal for the location and negotiation of the canals. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in the roots and root canal of permanent mandibular first molars in the Han population of southwest Shandong Province by cone-beam CT. METHODS: 656 patients undegoing cone-beam CT examination at the Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, from September 2012 to October 2015 were recruited, and all patients had healthy, well-developed, and untreated bilateral permanent mandibular first molars with normal appearance. Subsequently, the three-dimensional reconstruction based on cone-beam CT data was performed using Planmeca Romexis software to observe the variations in the root and root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars in the Han population of southwest Shandong Province. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 1 312 permanent mandibular first molars, the incidence of permanent mandibular first molars with three roots was 70.66% (927/1 312); the majority of root canal variations involved two roots and three root canals, accounting for 48.09% (631/1 312). The incidence of distal root was 35.37% (232/656), the incidence of distal root was 29.34% (385/1 312) in total teeth, and the incidence of distal root bilaterally was 68.95% (153/232). There was a significantly increased incidence of distal root on the right side than on the left side (P < 0.05), and the incidence in the male was significantly higher than that in the female (P < 0.05). These results suggest that most of Han populations in southwest Shandong Province have permanent mandibular first molars with two roots, and the root canal variations mainly involve two roots and three root canals, with the high incidence of distal root. Moreover, cone-beam CT is available for detecting the variation in roots and root canal system, which can provide references for root canal treatment．     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rheological properties of the common carotid artery in young versus aged cadavers Xu Dong-hui, Huang Shu-hua, Li Xin-ying, Li Dong-yuan 2017, 21 (16):  2527-2533.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.012 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 211 )   Save BACKGROUND: With age and blood pressure increasing, the damaged elastic membrane induced by degenerative vascular matrix results in calcium and collagen deposition, and finally expanded large arteries and aortas are easy to cause arteriosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the rheological properties of the common carotid artery in the youth and elderly, thus providing a basis for the study on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of the common carotid artery. METHODS: Common carotid arteries were respectively removed from the young and elderly cadavers. Ten samples from each group were randomly selected, and subjected to stress relaxation and creep tests. Meanwhile, one sample from each group was selected for histological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stress at 7 200 s in the young group was significantly decreased compared with the elderly group (P < 0.05). The strain at 7 200 s in the young group was significantly increased compared with the elderly group (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscope observed that in the elderly group, there were lipid plaques and foam cell accumulation; the internal elastic lamina and middle elastic plate presented with degeneration, rupture and disintegration; and there were abundant plaques and inflammatory cells in the intimal and media, which characterized as atherosclerosis. While no lipid plaques were found in the young group. These results indicate that the elastic fibers and collagen fibers in the common carotid artery arrange in disorder as age increases, and the rheological properties are also changed.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carbamylated erythropoietin promotes vascular microcirculation following cerebral infarction Zhang Qi-shun, Chen Yong, Wang Zhao-hui, Wu Chun-fang, Zhao Jun 2017, 21 (16):  2534-2539.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.013 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 205 )   Save BACKGROUND: Carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO) cannot only remarkably promote the prognosis of cerebral infraction, but also improve the microcirculation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the underlying mechanism of CEPO promoting the microcirculation following cerebral infraction. METHODS: 150 Wistar rats were selected, and 120 rats were used for establishing the models of cerebral infarction, followed by allotted into four groups. The model rats were treated with 500, 1 000 and 2 000 u/kg CEPO as experimental groups, and those received no treatment as model group. The other 30 rats were as controls. Vascular endothelial cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay. The expression levels of proliferation-related genes (Ki67 and p16) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected using western blot assay. After selective silencing of VEGF through RNA interference, all above indicators were detected again. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell counting kit-8 assay results showed that the proliferation ability of vascular endothelial cells was increased with CEPO concentration increasing. Western blot assay results showed a significant upregulation of Ki67, p16 and VEGF. After shRNA-VEFG interference, these indicators had no positive correlation with the increased concentration of CEPO. Our findings indicate that CEPO can improve the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in an animal model of cerebral infarction via upregulating the VEGF expression.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum levels of hormones in rabbits Xue Ai-cun, Wang Da-shou, Zhong Jie, Deng Chun-tao, Yu Bin, Shi Hua-xin, Mu Jiang-ping 2017, 21 (16):  2540-2545.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.014 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (1072KB) ( 206 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block has the ability to improve the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system in perimenopausal syndrome. Lumbosacral plexus is an automatic nervous block, and exerts similar effects with stellate ganglion block. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum level of hormones and histology of the ovary in rabbits, thus providing a new treatment strategy for perimenopausal syndrome. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled animal experiment, which was finished at the Animal Center of Guiyang Medical Unversity, China. The healthy rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, and underwent lumbosacral plexus block by injecting 0.5 mg of vitamin B12, 100 mg of lidocaine and 10 mL of normal saline into the psoas compartment, and the same volume of normal saline, respectively. The effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum levels of hormones (estradiol, gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) at rabbit proestrus, estrus and metaestrus were observed, respectively. The pathological changes of the ovary in a complete estrus cycle were observed. The relationship between the treatment time of lumbosacral plexus block and the levels of hormones was investigated after 1, 3 and 6 complete estrus cycles. The experimental followed the national guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and “Consensus author guidelines on animal ethics and welfare” by the International Association for Veterinary Editors (IAVE), and prepared in accordance with the “Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments Guidelines” (ARRIVE Guidelines). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lumbosacral plexus block can increase the serum level of estrogen, reduce the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis function. Presumably, it may be used as a treatment method or adjuvant therapy of perimenopausal syndrome. Future experiments are needed to explore the effect of lumbosacral plexus block on the serum levels of hormones in a rabbit after oophorectomy to determine whether it exhibits the same effect on ovarian failure.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Histological characteristics of the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament with repetitive freeze-thawing allogenic Achilles tendon Tian Ming, Yu Jia-kuo, Wu Yan-ping 2017, 21 (16):  2546-2551.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.015 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (3234KB) ( 191 )   Save BACKGROUND: Thawed allografts are usually discarded for various reasons. Whether these discarded allografts can be refrozen for later use and their histological changes in vivo have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histological characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed with the repetitive freeze-thawing allogenic Achilles tendon in New Zealand white rabbits. METHODS: Allogenic Achilles tendons were harvested from adult male New Zealand white rabbits, and were stored at -8 ℃ and thawed at 20 ℃ for 1, 2, 3 and 10 times, respectively, after sealed package and 60Co irradiation. Twenty-four adult male New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled: the left and right knees of 12 rabbits were respectively reconstructed with 1 (control group) and 2 times of freeze-thawing allogenic Achilles tendon, and another 12 rabbits underwent reconstruction with 3 and 10 times of freeze-thawing allogenic Achilles tendon, respectively. Three specimens from each group were evaluated with modified histology grading scores at 6, 12 and 24 weeks to assess the cell morphology, cell quantity, matrix staining intensity, fibrocartilage formation, new bone formation, tendon healing and cartilage injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell morphology, matrix staining intensity and total scores of the 10 times group were significantly higher than those of the other groups at 6 weeks (P < 0.05), but other parameters showed no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). ACL reconstructed with 10 times of repetitive freeze-thawing allogenic Achilles tendons had higher histological scores at 6 weeks after modeling, but no significant differences were shown at 12 and 24 weeks after modeling. To conclude, our study only testifies better histological scores on the multiple times of freeze- thawing Achilles tendon than the less times of freeze-thawing Achilles tendon at the early period after operation.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Activated microglia transplantation improves the neural function following acute cerebral infarction in mice Xiang Wei, Pan Su-yue, Tan Yan, Wu Xiao-na, Zhang Wei, Deng Zhen, Tian Can-hui 2017, 21 (16):  2552-2557.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.016 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (7129KB) ( 160 )   Save BACKGROUND: Microglia play an important role in immune surveillance in their quiescent state, but the role of the activated microglia is under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism of activated microglia in acute cerebral infarction. METHODS: Totally 96 male Kunming mice were selected and randomly divided into four groups, including transplantation, placebo, blank control and sham operation groups. Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed using suture method in the mice of the transplantation, placebo and blank control groups, followed by injection of microglia suspension via subclavian vein, medium containing the same volume of microglia, and nothing, respectively, at 12 hours after modeling. In the meanwhile, the same amount of microglia suspension was injected into the mice of the sham operation group. The Zea-longa scale and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression at 12, 24 and 72 hours after modeling, the volume of cerebral infarction and the number of nerve cells positive for microtubule-associated protein-2 at 72 hours after modeling were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Zea-longa scale score was 0 point in the sham operation group, which was significantly lower than that in the other three groups at each time point after modeling (P < 0.01). The Zea-longa scores in the transplantation group were significantly lower than those in the placebo and blank control groups at 24 and 72 hours after transplantation (P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups after transplantation (P < 0.01). The sham group showed no infarction, while the size of cerebral infarction in the transplantation group was significantly lower than that in the placebo and blank control groups (P < 0.01), and the microtubule-associated protein-2 positive rate was significantly higher than that in the placebo and blank control groups (P < 0.01). These results manifest that the activated microglia can improve the survival rate of nerve cells, promote the recovery of cerebral nerve function and reduce the size of cerebral infarction.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic pH measurement in the skeletal muscle during ischemic postconditioning and simulated infusion with acidic perfusate to attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury Ruan Si-jie, Yang Fu-chun, Yang Mao-chun, Liu Jun-ting, Hu Feng, Wang Jing-wei 2017, 21 (16):  2558-2564.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.017 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (5827KB) ( 143 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning protects the myocardium from ischemia/recursion injury via maintaining 3-minute acidosis initially. But its effect on the skeletal muscle remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To dynamically measure the pH values in rat skeletal muscle after ischemia, and then to simulate acidic perfusate infusion to investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning on ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Based on the ischemia/reperfusion injury model and ischemic postconditioning protocol in previous study, dynamic measurement of pH values in rat skeletal muscle was conducted using pH instrument at the global ischemia, ischemic postconditioning (30/30 seconds) and reperfusion period, and then the acidic perfusate equivalent to pH in ischemic postconditioning period was prepared with lactic acid and normal saline. Twenty-five healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, ischemia/reperfusion, ischemic postconditioning, lactic acid, and normal saline groups (n=5 per group). Blood samples were collected to detect lactate dehydrogenase level. The samples from gastrocnemius were harvested to calculate the wet/dry ratio, level of myeloperoxidase, and infarct size through triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The samples from the right tibialis anterior muscle were taken to detect the expression level of Erk1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A prolonged acidic platform was detected in the early reperfusion during ischemic postconditioning, on which the pH value was 6.81±0.133, and the duration was 2 minutes and 40 seconds. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase as well as the wet/dry ratio in the ischemic postconditioning and lactic acid groups were significantly lower than those in the ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). Western blot assay results showed that the expression level of p-Erk in the ischemic postconditioning, lactic acid and normal saline groups was significantly higher than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining results showed that compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group, the infarct area was significantly reduced in the postconditioning and lactic acid groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggest the existence of a short acidosis during ischemic postconditioning in the early reperfusion, and acidic perfusate can simulate the ischemic postconditioning and effectively attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat skeletal muscle via activating Erk1/2 in RISK signaling pathway.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System: its biocompatibility and bone healing Zhai Xin-yuan, Lin Xiao-feng 2017, 21 (16):  2565-2569.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.018 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (4491KB) ( 160 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ligament Advanced Reinforcement Sytstm (LARS) artificial ligament can avoid the interfibrillar friction compared wiht traditional ligaments, which is conductive for autogenous tissue growth. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of LARS artificial ligament used for cruciate ligament reconstruction and bone healing. METHODS: Twenty goats were randomly divided into two groups: the anterior cruciate ligament insertion at the femur was cut as stump group; the anterior cruciate ligament insertions at the femur and tibia, and all the ligaments and synovial tissues between them were cut as stump resection group. LARS artificial ligament was then implanted into both two groups. At 20 months after implantation, the ligament healing was observed using CT and MRI examinations, the fibrous tissues were observed under scanning electron microscope, and the growth of newborn ligaments was observed by histological staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CT findings showed that in the stump group, the number of femoral tunnel enlargement was significantly more than that in the stump resection group (P < 0.05), while the number of tibial tunnel enlargement in the stump group was significantly less than that in the stump resection group (P < 0.05). LARS artificial ligament in the femoral and tibial tunnel and free part of the joint presented with hypointensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, which showed no significant difference between two groups. Under the scanning electron microscope there were obvious dense fibrous tissues between LARS artificial ligaments in both two groups; and the autologous fibrous tissues arranged closely and evenly under high magnification. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that in the two groups, the LARS artificial ligaments in the free part of the articular cavity and bone tunnel were surrounded by a large number of autologous tissues in a fusiform arrangement; autologous fibrous tissues and artificial ligament were wrapped well but arranged irregularly; mature fibrous tissues and few capillary infiltration were found in the bone tunnel and free part of the joint cavity, but without necrotic tissues. Masson staining results showed that the inner and outer parts of the LARS in the bone tunnel were wrapped by blue collagen, the red-stained bones located outside the collagen, and no obvious transitional zone appeared. These results showed that the LARS artificial ligament holds good biocompatibility and fibrous tissue induction, which can promote bone healing.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of tubulin in skeletal muscle on mitochondrial Rho-GTPase1 protein (Miro1) after high-intensity exercise and the underlying mechanism Liu Xiao-ran, Huang Tao, Wang Yun-hong, Yan Shou-fu, Wang Rui-yuan, Li Jun-ping 2017, 21 (16):  2570-2575.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.019 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (1302KB) ( 158 )   Save BACKGROUND: High-intensity exercise can induce the depolymerization and/or degradation of tubulin in the skeletal muscle. According to the close relation with the mitochondria, tubulin may influence mitochondrial movement track and molecular motor, thereby varying the movement and distribution of mitochondria. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of high-intensity exercise on α-tubulin, MAP4, Miro1 and mitochondrial ultrastructures, analyze their sequential changes and further explore whether tubular depolymerization regulates the movement and distribution of mitochondria via Miro1. METHODS: Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (n=8) and exercise (n=48) groups. The rats in the exercise group ran on the treadmill ( -16°, 20 m/minute) for 90 minutes, and the soleus samples were removed immediately, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise (n=8 each time point). The expression levels of α-tubulin, MAP4 and Miro1 were detected by western blot assay, and the ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression level of α-tubulin was decreased significantly at 6 and 12 hours after exercise. The expression level of MAP4 was increased significantly at 6, 12, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. The expression level of Miro1 was increased firstly at 6 and 12 hours after exercise, and decreased at 72 hours after exercise. In the control group, the paired mitochondria were arranged on the both sides of Z line, and few appeared in the myolemma. Mitochondria began to accumulate in the myolemma immediately and 6 hours after exercise; the number achieved the peak at 12 hours, reduced at 24 and 48 hours, and returned to normal at 72 hours. These results suggest that high-intensity exercise can induce the depolymerization of microtubules in the skeletal muscle, thus regulating the movement and distribution of mitochondria via Miro1.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and evaluation of a rabbit model of distraction osteogenesis Sun Bing-yin, Zhu Jie-ying, Xiong Jian-wei, Zhao Bao-xiang 2017, 21 (16):  2576-2581.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.020 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (11418KB) ( 188 )   Save BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis is an effective method for large bone defects, bone tumors and osteomyelitis. However, there is a lack of a standard model in the basic research concerning distraction osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit femoral model of distraction osteogenesis and to assess its osteogenic effect.   METHODS: Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were enrolled to establish the rabbit femoral model of distraction osteogenesis using a novel distractor. Subsequently, the gross observation and X-ray examination of the specimens were performed to assess the osteogenic effect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gross observation: on day 14 after fixation, there were light-colored and dense newborn bones distributing evenly in the distraction gap, and appeared with a columnar connection with the broken ends; the boundary with normal bones became vague. On day 35, the surface of newborn bones in the distraction gap showed the same color and texture with the normal ones, the boundary between the newborn and normal bones was difficult to distinguish, and the bone mineral density was increased notably. Radiology results: on day 14 after fixation, the stent was fixed stably, the broken ends got good reduction, and cloudy shallows connecting the two ends of the normal bones in the distraction gap and increased bone mineral density were detectable. Completely calcified new-born bones, intact bone cortex and open medullary canal were further visible on day 35. These results suggest that the rabbit femoral model of distraction osteogenesis is established successfully using the self-designed single-arm distractor based on rational surgical procedures and standard operations.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pillbug extracts inhibit osteopontin-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by modulation of integrin kinase protein pathway Duan Zhe-ping, Yu Xin-jiang, Li Jing-jing, Zhao Juan 2017, 21 (16):  2582-2586.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.021 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 191 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pillbugs have been proved to exert an effect on the proliferation and migration of vascular  smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through MTT assay and scratch assay, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying pillbugs influencing osteopontin-induced VSMC migration and proliferation. METHODS: VSMCs from Sprague-Dawley rat thoraco-abdominal aorta were cultured in a common medium, and 3-5 generations of cells were selected. There were eight groups: control, osteopontin, pillbug water extract (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/L) with osteopontin, and pillbug ethyl acetate extract (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L) with osteopontin groups. After 24 hours of culture, the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and integrin kinase (ILK) were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pillbug water and ethyl acetate extracts both inhibited the expression of PCNA, especially when cultured in 0.5 g/L pillbug water extract (77.8% of the osteopontin group) and 1.0 g/L ethyl acetate extract (74.1% of the osteopontin group). 0.5 g/L pillbug water extract significantly downregulated ILK level induced by osteopontin, which was 81.4% of the osteopontin group, while pillbug ethyl acetate extract exposed no influence on ILK expression. These results reveal that pillbug water and ethyl acetate extracts both are able to inhibit osteopontin-induced VSMC proliferation, and the role of the pillbug water extract maybe associated with ILK protein pathway.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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miR-136-5p effect on A20 expression in interleukin-17-stimulated astrocytes Shi Xiong-zhi, Zong Shao-hui, He Ji-chen, Peng Xiao-ming, Gao Yun-bing, Deng Gui-ying 2017, 21 (16):  2587-2592.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.022 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 167 )   Save BACKGROUND: miRNA plays a critical regulatory role in the development and plasticity of spinal cord, and pathological changes after spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of miR-136-5p on the A20 expression in mouse astrocytes stimulated by interleukin-17 (IL-17). METHODS: C57BL/6 mouse astrocytes were cultured in vitro, identified by immunofluorescence staining, and then stimulated by 100 μg/L IL-17 for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected by RT-PCR to determine the optimal stimulation time of IL-17. The mouse astrocytes were respectively stimulated by 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L IL-7 for 6 hours, and similarly, the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected to determine the optimal concentration of IL-17. At 6 hours after IL-17 (50 μg/L) stimulation, the mRNA expression levels of miR-136-5p and A20 in mouse astrocytes were detected by RT- PCR, and the protein expression level of A20 was detected by western blot assay. In addition, the lentiviral expression vector (miR-136-5p-inhibition) was constructed and transfected into the mouse astrocytes that were also stimulated by IL-7 to detect the expression levels of miR-136-5p, A20 mRNA and A20 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, the expression level of miR-136-5p in the miR-136-5p-inhibition group was significantly decreased after 6-hour IL-17 stimulation (P < 0.05). The expression levels of A20 mRNA and protein in each group were significantly decreased after 6-hour IL-17 (50 μg/L) stimulation (P < 0.05). The expression levels of A20 mRNA and protein in the miR-136-5p-inhibition group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the expression level of A20 protein between blank control and negative groups (P > 0.05). To conclude, miR-136-5p makes certain effect on the expression of A20 protein in astrocytes after IL-17 stimulation.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of donor and recipient gender on the recovery of renal function after donation after cardiac death renal transplantation Li Jin-feng, Sun Jia-jia, Feng Gui-wen, Shang Wen-jun, Pang Xin-lu, Liu Lei, Xie Hong-chang, Feng Yong-hua, Wang Zhi-gang 2017, 21 (16):  2593-2599.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.023 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (1196KB) ( 156 )   Save BACKGROUND: Donation after cardiac death (DCD) is becoming the main source of organs for transplantation. Donor and recipient gender may play an important role in preoperative evaluation and recipient selection of transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of donor and recipient gender on the recovery of renal function after DCD renal transplantation, and to further guide the selection of recipients. METHODS: The clinical data of recipients and donors of DCD kidney transplantation performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2012 to March 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. According to donor and recipient gender, the donors and recipients were divided into four groups: group A (male donor, male recipient), group B (male donor, female recipient), group C (female donor, male recipient), group D (female donor, female recipient). The renal function of the recipients was recorded at 1 and 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to compare the effect of donor and recipient gender on the recovery of renal function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum creatinine level in the groups A and B was lower than that in the groups C and D at postoperative different time points, and there was a significant difference at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively  (P < 0.05). The estimated glomerular filtration rate in the groups A and B was significantly higher than that in the groups C and D at postoperative different time points (P < 0.05). The serum creatinine level in the group C was significantly higher than that in the other three groups at postoperative different time points (P < 0.05). The serum creatinine level in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The glomerular filtration rate in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group C at postoperative different time points (P < 0.05). The glomerular filtration rate in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group D at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the male donors show superior renal function to the female donors. The postoperative recovery of renal function is relatively slow when the male recipients receive a kidney of female donors. The female recipients with lower body surface area who receive the kidney of elderly male donors with poor renal function can achieve favorable clinical effects. Therefore, the gender should be used as a reference index for selecting potential recipients.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue-engineered skin substitutes: a prospect evaluation from the aspects of morphology and function Wang Xiao-jing, Wang Guo-wei, Hui Guang-yan, Zhao Yi-min 2017, 21 (16):  2600-2605.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.024 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (1023KB) ( 310 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering is a booming subject in recent years, involving skin, cornea, bone, cartilage, tendon and etc. Noticeably, tissue-engineered skin is an issue of concern, which provides an alluring prospect for the repair of skin defects. OBJECTIVE: To overview the latest research progress of tissue-engineered skin. METHODS: A computer-based research of Medline database from 1996 to 2017 was performed, with the English keywords of “epidermis, dermis, tissue engineered skin”. The latest research status of tissue-engineered skin was summarized in views of epidermal and dermal substitutes, followed by exploring the problems and prospects of tissue-engineered skin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 65 literatures were included. Complex skin substitutes include epidermis and dermis, in which hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and other cutaneous appendages are absent. Therefore, how to solve above problems is a hotspot issue and major trend in tissue-engineered skin. Tissue-engineered skin aims to construct permanent skin substitutes containing melanocytes and Langerhans cells rapidly. Since the current tissue-engineered skin substitutes can completely replace skin tissues neither in morphology nor in function, in-depth studies are expected in the near future.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and vascularization of tissue-engineered sinus node in cardiac tissue engineering Tong Ling-xi, Zhang Chuan-sen, Huang Fei 2017, 21 (16):  2606-2611.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.025 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (1000KB) ( 201 )   Save BACKGROUND: As in theory tissue-engineered sinus node can establish a new pacemaker in vivo when implanted into the human body, it is a promising treatment for sick sinus syndrome. But this method is immature and needs to be explored in depth. OBJECTIVE: To overview the different construction methods of tissue-engineered sinus node, and the research progress of vascularization in cardiac tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval in PubMed and CNKI databases was performed by the first author to search related papers published from 1984 to 2016 using the keywords of “vascularize, tissue engineering, sinus node” in English and Chinese, respectively. We summarized the construction methods of tissue-engineered sinus node and importance of vascularization in cardiac tissue engineering. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sinus node cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem cells can be used as seed cells. There are a variety of materials used for constructing tissue-engineered scaffolds, among which, collagen is the best choice. Three-dimensional printing technology and cell-sheet techbology make it possible to construct and transplant tissue-engineered sinus node. The early blood supply is the key for the successful sinus node transplantation. However, the vascularized tissue-engineered sinus node has not yet been reported. Endothelial progenitor cells can promote angiogenesis, but further explorations are warranted as there are some existing defects.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of adipokines in the occurrence and regulation of autoimmune diseases Liu Yang, Yang Rui, Yuan Hong-bin, Shi Jian-gang, Yao Ding-kang 2017, 21 (16):  2612-2618.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.026 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (1067KB) ( 188 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adipokines are secreted by adipose tissue, including a series of cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, adipokines have been found to play certain roles in pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the regulatory effect of various adipokines in the inflammatory process of autoimmune response and immune diseases, thus providing the strategy for controlling and treating autoimmune diseases and searching effective indexes for assessing disease development, incidence of complications and prognosis. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed databases were retrieved for the articles addressing the role of adipokines in autoimmune diseases published from 1986 to 2016 using the keywords of “adipokine, autoimmune” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adipose tissue plays a critical role in metabolism regulation, and its effect on the immune system has emerged through a series of studies concerning adipokines regulating immune response. Adipokines exert various functions, and regulate metabolism and inflammation. In the development and occurrence of autoimmune diseases, some factors for immune responses remain unclear, and in-depth studies on adipokines will be helpful for lifting the veil of autoimmune diseases.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interactive metronome applied in the rehabilitative treatment of the central nervous system Liu Shi-wen, Duan Chang-qiu 2017, 21 (16):  2619-2624.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.16.027 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (1006KB) ( 218 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interactive metronome (IM), also known as millisecond rhythm feedback, is a rehabilitative treatment technology supported by neural plasticity theory. Cerebral immediate feedback measured in milliseconds is helpful for understanding neurocognitive mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To overview the progress of IM applied in the rehabilitation of central nervous system. METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI (2001-2016), Medline (1989-2016) and Imedpub (2015-2017) databases using the keywords of “millisecond rhythm feedback, cognition, motor behavior” in English and Chinese, respectively. Data such as theoretical researches on cerebral timing function, the mechanism underlying IM affecting cerebral timing function, and IM operation skills and application were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 26 eligible articles were enrolled. IM is an objective assessment and training tool that improves neural synchronization and function. IM can accelerate the speed and the efficiency of processing information of white matter tracts, and enhance the function of attention control system in order to improve the disorder of the cerebral timing. IM achieves satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of learning disabilities in children, cognitive impairment after brain injury and cerebral stroke with hemiplegia in adults. Based on the traditional rehabilitative training in the central nervous system, IM addresses critical brain timing skills, which is a promising technology in the future rehabilitation of the central nervous system.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics