Design of an injury device to establish spinal cord dorsal compression injury models in rats

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.18.012

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the development of spinal cord injury study, different methods of establishing spinal cord injury models have emerged, including spinal cord contusion, falling weight, spinal compression, chemical burn, radiation, hormone, spinal transection and hemi-section. However, lots of them are not perfect enough.
OBJECTIVE: To design the injury device of spinal cord injury and establish different degrees of spinal cord injury models.
METHODS: To design the device of producing spinal cord injury and establish different degrees of spinal cord dorsal compression injury in Sprague-Dawley rats by various weights (m1=10 g, m2=20 g, m3=30 g) and time points (T1=3 s, T2=5 s). Rats were randomly divided as m1T1, m2T1, m3T1, m1T2, m2T2 and m3T2 groups. While sham group was also made.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score in injury groups decreased significantly after operation, when compared with the sham group (P < 0.01). The m1T1 group showed no significant difference in BBB score from other groups (P < 0.01). The BBB score of m1T2 group was significant higher than m2T2 group and m3T2 group at 8 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). The somatosensory evoked potential and motion evoked potential of injury groups were longer than sham group at 8 weeks after operation (P < 0.01). The motion evoked potential of each injury groups were significantly longer after operation (P < 0.05). The somatosensory evoked potential was significantly longer in injury groups, except m1T1 and m1T2 groups (P < 0.05). The self-designed device can be applied to establish different degrees of spinal cord injury models.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: Tissue Engineering, Spinal Cord Injury, Animal Models

CLC Number:

R318

Li Jian-feng, Feng Shi-qing, Xia Run-fu, Yan Jin-yu. Design of an injury device to establish spinal cord dorsal compression injury models in rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015, 19(18): 2856-2861.

Figures/Tables 2

References

[1] Margolis JM, Juneau P, Sadosky A, et al. Health care resource utilization and medical costs of spinal cord injury with neuropathic pain in a commercially insured population in the United States. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(12): 2279-2287.
[2] Vawda R, Fehlings MG. Mesenchymal cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: current future perspectives. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013;8:25-38.
[3] Varma AK, Das A, Wallace G, et al.Spinal cord injury: a review of current therapy, future treatments, and basic science frontiers. Neurochem Res. 2013;38:895-905.
[4] Nagoshi N, Fehlings MG. Investigational drugs for the treatment of spinal cord injury: review of preclinical studies and evaluation of clinical trials from Phase I to II. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2015:1-14.
[5] Hamid S, Hayek R. Role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury: an overview. Eur Spine J. 2008;17(9):1256-1269.
[6] Kaptanoglu E, Tuncel M, Palaoglu S, et al. Comparison of the effects of melatonin and methylprednisolone in experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(Suppl 1):S77-S84.
[7] Fairbanks CA, Schreiber KL, Brewer KL, et al. Agmatine reverses pain induced by inflammation, neuropathy, and spinal cord injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(19): 10584-10589.
[8] Mann CM, Lee JHT, Hillyer J, et al. Lack of robust neurologic benefits with simvastatin or atorvastatin treatment after acute thoracic spinal cord contusion injury. Exp Neurol. 2010;221(2): 285-295.
[9] Lee JHT, Tigchelaar S, Liu J, et al. Lack of neuroprotective effects of simvastatin and minocycline in a model of cervical spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2010;225(1):219-230.
[10] Erichsen HK, Hao JX, Xu XJ. Comparative actions of the opioid analgesics morphine,methadone and codeine in rat models of peripheral and central neuropathic pain. Pain. 2005; 116(3):347-358.
[11] Marques SA, Garcez VF, Del Bel EA, et al. A simple, inexpensive and easily reproducible model of spinal cord injury in mice: morphological and functional assessment. J Neurosci Methods. 2009;177(1):183-193.
[12] Ito T, Ohtori S, Inoue G, et al. Glial phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase mediates pain in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation and induces motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(2):159-167.
[13] Wang G, Thompson SM. Maladaptive homeostatic plasticity in a rodent model of central pain syndrome: thalamic hyperexcitability after spinothalamic tract lesions. J Neurosci. 2008;28(46):11959-11969.
[14] Hashimoto T, Fukuda N. New spinal cord injury model produced by spinal cord compression in the rat. J Pharmacol Methods. 1990;23(3):203-212.
[15] Caudle KL, Atkinson DA, Brown EH, et al. Hindlimb stretching alters locomotor function after spinal cord injury in the adult rat. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015;29(3):268-277.
[16] Wong JK, Sharp K, Steward O. A straight alley version of the BBB locomotor scale. Exp Neurol. 2009;217(2):417-420.
[17] Anderson TE. A controlled pneumatic technique for experimental spinal cord contusion. J Neurosci Methods. 1982;6:327-233.
[18] Vijayaprakash KM, Sridharan N. An experimental spinal cord injury rat model using customized impact device: a cost-effective approach. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013; 4(3): 211-213.
[19] Moriyama H, Tobimatsu Y, Ozawa J, et al. Amount of torque and duration of stretching affects correction of knee contracture in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471(11):3626-3636.
[20] Vijayaprakash KM, Sridharan N. An experimental spinal cord injury rat model using customized impact device: A cost?effective approach. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013;3(4): 211-213.
[21] Koffler J, Samara RF, Rosenzweig ES. Using templated agarose scaffolds to promote axon regeneration through sites of spinal cord injury. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1162:157-165.
[22] Zheng B, Lee JK, Xie F. Genetic mouse models for studying inhibitors of spinal axon regeneration. Trends Neurosci. 2006;29:640-646.
[23] Nishi RA, Liu H, Chu Y, et al. Behavioral, histological, and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging assessment of graded contusion spinal cord injury in mice. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24: 674-689.
[24] Leroux LG, Bredow S, Grosshans D, et al. Molecular imaging detects impairment in the retrograde axonal transport mechanism after radiation-induced spinal cord injury. Mol Imaging Biol. 2014;7:1145-1149.
[25] Hoschouer EL, Yin FQ, Jakeman LB. L1 cell adhesion molecule is essential for themaintenance of hyperalgesia after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2009;1(216):22-34.
[26] Kim P, Haisa T, Kawamoto T, et al. Delayed myelopathy induced by chronic compression in the rat spinal cord. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:503-511.
[27] Barros Filho TE, Molina AE. Analysis of the sensitivity and reproducibility of the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale in Wistar rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2008;63(1):103-108.
[28] Scheff SW, Saucier DA, Cain ME. A statistical method for analyzing rating scale data: the BBB locomotor score. J Neurotrauma. 2002;19(10):1251-1260.
[29] Talac R, Friedman JA, Moore MJ, et al. Animal models of spinal cord injury for evaluation of tissue engineering treatment strategies. Biomaterials. 2004;25:1505-1510.
[30] Ferguson AR, Hook MA, Garcia G, ey al. A simple post hoc transformation that improves the metric properties of the BBB scale for rats with moderate to severe spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2004;21(11):1601-1613.
[31] Mets GA, Curt A, van de Ment H, et al. Validation of the weisht-drop contusion model in rats:a comparative study of human spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:1-17.
[32] Fukuda S, Nakamura T, Kishigami Y, et al. New canine spinal cord injury model free from laminectomy. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 2005;14:171-180.