Thinking and actuality of induced pluripotent stem cells to treat spinal cord injury

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.27.022

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Currently, therapies for spinal cord injury include steroid pulse therapy, surgical decompression and stem cell therapy. A lot of work has been focused on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury which has become a hot spot.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status and progress in induced pluripotent stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury.
METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed (1980-01/2011-11) was performed for articles in English using the keywords of “spine injury, induced pluripotent stem cells, IPS”
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 35 articles were included in result analysis, in which, stem cell therapy for treatment of spinal cord injury is agreed or supported. Induced pluripotent stem cells are isolated directly from the body, which solves ethical and moral issues in the transplantation of stem cells, meanwhile avoids allograft rejection and also provides a large source of cells. Stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury is widely used in animal experiments but few in clinical application. However, stem cell therapy has a good effect in the animal experiments, and shows a higher safety. The existing problems of induced pluripotent stem cells to treat spinal cord injury mainly include immature differentiating method of induced pluripotent stem cells and more complications. Therefore, induced differentiation and security of induced pluripotent stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury will become a research key.

Key words: stem cells, stem cell academic discussion, bone marrow-derived stem cells, spinal cord injury, induced pluripotent stem cells, complications, spinal cord, transplantation, National Natural Science Foundation of China

CLC Number:

R318

Liu Wen-jun, Zhang Hui, Yin Zong-sheng. Thinking and actuality of induced pluripotent stem cells to treat spinal cord injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.27.022.

Figures/Tables 4

2 文献证据综合提炼 2.1 纳入资料基本概况纳入的文献包括脊髓损伤治疗流行病学类文章1篇[1]，脊髓损伤及修复的病理学类文章2篇[2-3]，干细胞治疗脊髓损伤临床实验研究1篇[4]，多能诱导干细胞的基础研究11篇[5-15]，多能诱导干细胞分化及治疗脊髓损伤的基础研究19篇[16-34] 多能诱导干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的个案报道1篇[35]。以此为依据对诱导多功能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤及如何有效治疗脊柱损伤进行归纳和总结。 2.2 纳入资料的研究结果特征 2.2.1 诱导多能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的现状诱导多功能干细胞为有非原始细胞通过分子生物学方法转化为具有高度自我增殖和与胚胎干细胞类似的多向分化潜能的一类细胞。在某些特定的条件下有分化为神经元细胞的潜能，并可以像神经干细胞在中枢神经及周围神经中进行整合及迁移，起到修复神经损伤作用。总结现有文献认为诱导多功能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的机制有：①诱导多功能干细胞移植入体内后，可分化为神经元星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞，达到在结构和功能上的修复或替代，同时产生多种细胞外基质，填充脊髓损伤后遗留的空腔，为再生轴突提供支持物。②诱导多功能干细胞移植入受损脊髓后分泌的多种神经营养因子通过激活体内处于休眠及受损神经细胞，来实现神经保护功能。③诱导多功能干细胞能使神经纤维形成新的髓鞘，保持神经纤维功能的完整性，从而促进损伤的功能恢复。除此之外，诱导多功能干细胞有取材方便、扩增迅速、多向分化潜能强、患者特异性或疾病特异性、可自体移植、无免疫原性等特点，避开了伦理、道德及法律争议和免疫排斥反应等困扰再生医学临床实践的几大问题。故诱导多功能干细胞用于治疗脊髓损伤拥有广阔的前景。目前有关诱导多功能干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的研究如下(按被引频次排序)："

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