Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (19): 3558-3565.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.19.022
Previous Articles Next Articles
Wang Xiao-feng, Wu Yan
Received:
2012-06-12
Revised:
2012-10-27
Online:
2013-05-07
Published:
2013-05-07
Contact:
Wu Yan, M.D., Professor, Master’s supervisor, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Yanw007@sina.com
About author:
Wang Xiao-feng★, Studying for master’s degree, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Mingyunaxian@163.com
CLC Number:
Wang Xiao-feng, Wu Yan. Stem cells in bone tissue engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(19): 3558-3565.
2.1 胚胎干细胞 胚胎干细胞是分化潜能最大的干细胞[2]。Thomson等[3]将人胚胎干细胞植入裸鼠体内后可诱导产生包括骨组织在内的多种组织成分。国内近些年也有胚胎干细胞分化成骨报道[4-5]。但是,胚胎干细胞的应用主要面临3个大的问题:第一是伦理学问题;第二是其体外培养的条件十分严格并且控制分化成骨的机制不明;第三是安全性问题。这些问题限制了胚胎干细胞的应用。 2.2 骨髓间充质干细胞 骨髓间充质干细胞是指存在于骨髓基质中的非造血干细胞,证实具有多向分化的潜能[6-7]。人体骨髓间充质干细胞含量稀少,占单核细胞的百万分之一到十万分之一[8]。想要获得足量的骨髓间充质干细胞,就得分离纯化后体外扩增。 目前用于分离纯化骨髓间充质干细胞的方法主要有4 种:密度梯度离心法、全骨髓贴壁培养法、流式细胞仪分离法和免疫磁珠法。流式细胞仪分离法与免疫磁珠法费用昂贵、操作繁琐,并对细胞活性影响较大,相比之下密度梯度离心法与全骨髓贴壁培养法更为常用[9-13]。 骨髓间充质干细胞在体外可通过化学药物、生物因子、物理刺激等诱导,分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、成纤维细胞、脂肪细胞、肌细胞、皮肤细胞和神经细胞等[14-25]。地塞米松,成纤维细胞生长因子2,胰岛素样生长因子,1,25-二羟基维生素D3,转化生长因子1,雌激素,前列腺素E2 等可促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化[26-30]。除以上化学因子外,物理因素也可影响骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化,研究最多的是脉冲电磁场。频率是脉冲电磁场诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的重要影响因素之一,50 Hz可能为诱导骨髓间充质干细胞体外成骨分化的适合频率[31]。目前对骨髓间充质干细胞诱导后成骨分化的鉴定方法还不成熟,只能根据成骨细胞的特点如分泌Ι型胶原, 碱性磷酸酶以及能形成矿化结节等来鉴定它们是否具有这些特点。但与其他干细胞相比,骨髓间充质干细胞仍具有显著的优越性: 第一,骨髓易于获得,在同一个体可多次抽取; 第二,具有多向分化潜能,体外易于分离纯化、增殖; 第三,可进行自体移植,避免了伦理道德和免疫排斥的困扰。所以骨髓间充质干细胞被认为是最有可能成为种子细胞的干细胞。 2.3 滑膜间充质干细胞 滑膜间充质干细胞最早从膝关节置换的骨关节炎患者滑膜中消化分离得到,滑膜间充质干细胞除能分化成成熟滑膜细胞外,在适宜的信号刺激下滑膜间充质干细胞也能分化为软骨细胞、成骨细胞、脂肪细胞等不同组织类型的细胞[32-33]。健康关节滑膜中这种细胞仅分布在衬里层[34]。将多孔性的二氧化硅-羟基磷灰石复合物包裹在聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物内来调控其中二膦酸盐的释放,并以此为骨组织工程支架,再将滑膜间充质干细胞种植入其中,经碱性磷酸酶活性检测、茜素红染色实验、荧光定量PCR及免疫组织化学检测发现植入的滑膜间充质干细胞具有较高的成骨能力[35]。 2.4 脐带间充质干细胞和脐血间充质干细胞 Romanov 等[36]从脐带华通胶中分离出纯度比较高的间充质干细胞,命名为人脐带间充质干细胞,同时证明了的成骨分化能力。但是,脐带间充质干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨能力比较试验中,不同的学者得出了不同的结论。Baksh 等[37]的实验结果表明脐带血管周围细胞在成骨分化方面强于骨髓间充质干细胞,Hsieh 等[38]和Majore 等[39]的结果则认为脐带间充质干细胞的成骨能力不如骨髓间充质干细胞。另有实验将人脐带间充质干细胞和β-磷酸3钙构建的复合物植入裸鼠体内,2个月后见新骨及血管化形成[40]。 脐血中可以分离出大量干细胞,称为人脐血来源间充质干细胞[41]。实验表明人脐血来源间充质干细胞成骨诱导后具有骨细胞特性[42-43],与β-磷酸3钙具有良好的生物相容性,可作为骨组织工程的种子细胞候选细胞[44]。 2.5 外周血来源的多潜能间充质干细胞 Zvaifler等[45]从健康人外周血中培养出类似于骨髓间充质干细胞的多能干细胞,称为外周血来源的多潜能间充质干细胞,并且成骨诱导后呈立方体外形,5 d后开始表达碱性磷酸酶,加入骨形态发生蛋白后碱性磷酸酶的表达量显著提高,并表达骨形态发生蛋白受体、波形蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原、CD44 和CD105。表明了外周血来源的多潜能间充质干细胞的分化成骨的潜力。 但有学者认为外周血中还有多种干细胞,不同的培养条件下可以同时分化出多种组织,虽然成骨诱导液中没有向血管内皮细胞分化的诱导剂,依然有散在的管样结构形成[46]。这给骨组织工程中解决血管化的问题提出来一个新的思路。 植入体内的组织工程骨早期营养主要来自组织液渗透,移植骨第1周仅周边100-300 μm距离可得到营养供给,如果种子细胞缺乏足够的营养,其增殖、分化、分泌功能必将受到影响甚至死亡,造成成骨能力下降[47-48]。植入物快速血管化是减少种子细胞凋亡的主要条件[49-50]。但选用外周血来源的多潜能间充质干细胞作为种子细胞是否真的可以同时为骨组织工程解决血管化的问题还有待于进一步深入研究。 2.6 脂肪干细胞 Kaplan等[51]报道了皮下脂肪组织具有异位成骨现象。Znk等[52]最先在37 ℃条件下用0.075%的胶原酶消化脂肪30 min后,离心沉淀后称作基质微管成分细胞团,再用NH4Cl裂解红细胞,将接种后得到的细胞称作抽脂术细胞,为最早分离出的脂肪干细胞。目前主要用胶原酶消化法,分离培养得到脂肪干细胞。应用1.25-二羟维生素D3诱导脂肪来源的干细胞向成骨方向分化,测定一氧化氮、骨桥蛋白、CBFA、碱性磷酸酶、骨形态发生蛋白2等基因表达均为阳性[53]。利用兔脂肪源性干细胞体外成骨研究中发现,脂肪干细胞在成骨诱导液作用下,培养2周碱性磷酸酶高效表达,进入成骨过程的基质成熟期,4周时钙盐沉积比3周明显增多,表明进入了成骨过程的细胞外基质矿化期[54]。同时国内外还有学者进行了此类实验,均表明脂肪干细胞良好的分化成骨能力[55-62]。 2.7 子宫内膜基质干细胞 Chan等[63]在人子宫内膜中成功分离获得子宫内膜间充质干细胞,并命名为人子宫内膜基质干细胞。多数研究认为子宫内膜干细胞位于子宫内膜的腔上皮底部和基底层,但目前仍没有发现子宫内膜基质干细胞的特异性标志,对其进行鉴定较为困难[64-67]。已有成功将子宫内膜基质干细胞体外诱导分化成为成骨细胞和成软骨细胞的实验,肯定了子宫内膜间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力[68]。 2.8 人羊膜基质细胞 羊膜中存在一定数量的间充质干细胞,具有多向分化及自我更新能力,是一种具有良好临床应的前景的种子细胞[69-71]。羊膜在孕妇正常分娩过程中被排出体外,不需要进行额外的手术操作,所以获取羊膜间充质干细胞不会带来额外损伤。多数学者认为羊膜组织的免疫原性很低,并且已多用于眼科移植手术中,很少出现排斥反应[72-73]。梅芳等[74]对人羊膜基质细胞进行成骨诱导后,可见明显钙化结节形成,平均每孔18个,钙化结节处细胞Ⅰ型胶原和碱性磷酸酶表达阳性。人羊膜基质细胞可以在体外与电纺聚乳酸/羟基磷灰膜共同构建成为细胞/支架复合体,并且在一定条件下向成骨细胞方向分化[75]。 2.9 牙髓干细胞 Gronthos 等 [76]首先从人第3磨牙牙髓分离出具有克隆源性的多潜能细胞,称为恒牙牙髓干细胞。d'Aquino等[77]和Otaki等[78]相继进行体外诱导人恒牙牙髓干细胞向骨组织分化,初步证实了人恒牙牙髓干细胞的成骨潜能。人恒牙牙髓干细胞经成骨诱导后,碱性磷酸酶和Von Kossa染色结果均为阳性,RT-PCR 检测成骨分化相关基因、Ⅰ型胶原、骨涎蛋白、骨钙素、Runx2 和Osterix均有阳性表达[79-80]。这些都证示了牙髓干细胞的成骨分化能力。此外,Miura 等[81]从人的脱落乳牙中分离出一种具有多向分化潜能的干细胞,并将该干细胞命名为乳牙牙髓干细胞,并指出不能直接分化为成骨细胞,而是通过形成成骨模板诱导新骨形成。Seo等[82]进一步证实了乳牙牙髓干细胞的骨诱导潜能。Chadipiralla等[83]发现维甲酸能有效诱导乳牙牙髓干细胞成骨,并且与胰岛素协同作用后成骨诱导效果更好。恒牙牙髓干细胞/乳牙牙髓干细胞作为一种独特的干细胞来源,可能会为骨组织工程开辟一条新路。 董正谋等[84]总结了牙周膜干细胞的研究进展。牙周膜干细胞主要来源于牙周膜的成体干细胞,用组织块法、酶消化法或二者联合的方法处理牙周膜可获得前体干细胞,再利用免疫磁珠法、有限元稀释法和流式细胞分离技术可得到牙周膜干细胞,进行单克隆扩增即可获高纯度牙周膜干细胞。免疫磁珠和流式细胞分离技术分离牙周膜干细胞速度较快,但细胞获得率较低;有限稀释法步骤烦琐,速度慢,细胞克隆率较高。免疫磁珠法和流式细胞分离技术仍然是目前公认的有效的分离方法。牙周膜干细胞可使用含胎牛血清、维生素C、L-谷胺酰胺、青霉素、链霉素的达尔贝科极限培养液,在37 ℃,体积分数5%CO2孵箱内培养;也可在含表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、白血病抑制因子的神经微球形成培养系统中培养。有研究发现,牙周膜干细胞表达间质细胞标志物细胞黏附分子CD349,ESC标志物细胞黏附分子CD10、CD26、CD29、CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105和CD166,阶段特异性胚胎表面抗原-1、4,转录因子Oct-4和Nanog,同时表达表皮细胞生长因子和干扰素诱导蛋白10,其中间充质干细胞表面分子基质细胞抗原1、细胞黏附分子CD146、CD105和CD166是公认的鉴定牙周膜干细胞的特异性标记物。 此外,毛囊来源间充质干细胞体外培养诱导成骨的研究证实了毛囊间充质干细胞的成骨潜能[85]。李冬梅等[86]也证实真皮成纤维细胞可以成骨分化。 学者们寻找合适的种子细胞的同时也在寻找成骨分化最合适的诱导因子。例如,骨形态发生蛋白9在体内外实验被证实是成骨能力最强的转化因子[87-90],全反式维甲酸(ATRA)能增强BMP9 诱导间充质干细胞成骨分化的作用[91],据悉更多相关类似研究已在不同的实验室开展。"
[1] 第二次全国残疾人抽样调查领导小组 中华人民共和国国家统计局.2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报(第二号)(2007-5-28).http://www.gov.cn/fwxx/cjr/content_1311943.htm[2] Shamblott MJ, Axelman J,Wang S,et al.Derivation of pluripotentstem cells from cultured human primordial germ cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.1998;95(23):13726-13731.http://www.pnas.org/content/95/23/13726 [3] Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J,Shapiro SS,et al. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science. 1998;282:1145-1147.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9804556[4] 曹炜鹏,周强,徐海伟,等.脉冲电磁场诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞向成骨细胞分化[J].第三军医大学学报,2009,31(9):772-775.http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/SearchCenter/searchInfomation.aspx?infoQuery=dsjydxxb200909003[5] 冯树梅,吴苑,骆靖峰,等.单层法诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞的成骨分化研究[J].新疆医科大学学报,2010,33(8):876-879.http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=35765365 [6] Owen ME,Cave J,Joyner CJ.Clonal analysis in vitro of osteogenic differentiation of marrow CFU-F. J Cell Sci.1987; 87(Pt5):731-738.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3499442 [7] Minguell JJ,Erices A,Conget P.Mesenchymal stem cell.Exp Biol Med.2001;226(6):507-520.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1870029 [8] Barry FP,Murphy JM. Mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applicat ions and biological charact erizat ion. Int J Biochem Cel l Biol.2004;36(4):568-584.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15010324[9] 张凯,王毅,邢国胜.间充质干细胞的生物学特性及多向分化[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008;12(3):539-524.http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_xdkf200803038.aspx[10] 杨芬,杨乃龙.两种体外分离成人骨髓间充质干细胞方法的比较[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008;12(3):473-476.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-XDKF200803025.htm[11] 杨丽,张荣华,谢厚杰,等.建立大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞稳定分离培养体系与鉴定[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009; 13(6): 1064-1068.http://wuxizazhi.cnki.net/Search/XDKF200906017.html[12] 程斌,方驰华,范应方,等.骨髓间充质干细胞提取方法的改良[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008;12(47):9293-9296.http://www.cqvip.com/qk/80481b/200847/28883901.html [13] 杨辉, 蔡光先, 刘柏炎,等.首次换液时间对贴壁法培养骨髓间充质干细胞纯度及增殖的影响[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2007;11(20):3868-3871.http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/viewHTML/PeriodicalPaper_xdkf200720002.aspx [14] Pittenger MF ,Mackay AM ,Beck SC, et al.Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cell. Science. 1999;284(5411):143-147.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102814[15] 徐道华,周晨慧,刘钰瑜,等.大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化成脂肪细胞的定向诱导[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009;13(1): 125-128.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/80481B/200901/29378407.html[16] 刘钰瑜,崔燎,吴铁,等.大黄素对体外大鼠骨髓基质细胞向脂肪细胞分化的影响[J].中国药典学通报,2005,21(7);842-847.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/94340X/200507/16165320.html[17] 朱淑霞,宋治远,罗向东,等.电磁场干预大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌方向诱导分化的研究[J].武警医学院学报,2009,18(5):377- 379,395.http://www.cqvip.com/qk/82635X/200905/30517393.html [18] 吴岸祯,张旻,陈发明,等.富血小板血浆对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外成骨影响的实验研究[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2011, 21(10):549-554,572.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/98021X/201110/39848661.html[19] 贾立山,周云,张亚,等.体外诱导大大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向血管内皮细胞的分化[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009; 13(19): 3698-3702.http://new.med.wanfangdata.com.cn/Paper/Detail?id=PeriodicalPaper_xdkf200919016 [20] Mauney JR,Volloch V,Kaplan DL.Matrix-mediated retention of adipogenic differentiation potential by human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during ex vivo expansion.Biomaterials.2005;26(31);6167-6175.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15913765 [21] Tremain N,Korkko J,Ibberson D,et al.Micro SAGE analysis expressed genes in a single cell-dereived colony of huam mesenchymal stem cells reveals mRNA of multiple cell lineages.Stem cell.2001;19(5):408-418.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Micro+SAGE+analysis+expressed+genes+in+a+single+cell-dereived+colony+of+huam+mesenchymal+stem+cells+reveals+mRNA+of+multiple+cell+lineages [22] Barry F,Boynton R,Murphy M,et al.The SH-3 and SH-4 antibodys recognize distinct epitopes on CD73 from huam mesenchymal stem cell.Biochem Biophys Res Common. 2001;289(2):519-524.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11716504 [23] Tu Q,Valverde P,Li S,et al.Osterix over expression in mesenchymal stem cells stimulates healing of critical-sized defects in murine calvarial bone.Tissue Engineering.2007;13(10):2431-2440.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630878 [24] Minguell JJ,Ericease A.Mesenchymal stem cells and the treatment of cardiac disease.Exp Biol Med.2006;231(1): 39-49.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380643 [25] Koide Y,Morikawa S,Mabuchi Y,et al.Two distinct stem cell lineages in murine bone marrow.Stem cells.2007;25(5): 1213-1221.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218403 [26] Marie PJ, Fromigue O. Osteogenic differentiation of human marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells.Regen Med.2006; 1:53-548.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17465848[27] 王小娜,李正,吴文,等.TGF-1在雷奈酸锶促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化中的作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,2011, 27(12):2357-2361.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZBLS201112025.htm[28] 张建萍.不同浓度地塞米松在体外定向诱导分化兔骨髓间充质干细胞为成骨细胞的实验研究[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2012, 21(24):2642-2645.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDJH201224011.htm[29] 吴岸祯,陈发明,陈永进,等.富血小板血浆对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外成骨影响的实验研究[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2011, 21(10):549-554,572.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-YTYS201110003.htm[30] 廖庆辉,黄震,蔡德鸿.抗坏血酸、甘油磷酸钠和地塞米松联合诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞的分化[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009,13(1):88-91.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-XDKF200901021.htm[31] 宋晋刚,许建中,周强,等.不同频率脉冲电磁场诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2005, 27(3):134-137.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZHLY200503002.htm [32] De Bari C,Dell’Accio F,Tylzanowski P,et al.Multi potent mesenchymalstemcells from adult human synovial membrane.Arthritis Rheum.2001;44(8):1928-1942.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508446 [33] Lee DH,Joo SD,Han SB,et al.Isolation and expansion of synovialCD34(-)CD44(+)CD90(+) mesenchymal stem cells: comparison of anenzymatic method and a direct explant technique. Connect Tissue Res.2011; 52(3):226-234.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21117906 [34] Hermida-Gómez T, Fuentes-Boquete I, Gimeno-Longas MJ, et al.Quantifi cation of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers inhealthy and osteoarthritic synovial membranes. J Rheumatol.2011;38(6):339-349.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21078714 [35] Shi XT, Wang YJ, Varshney RR, et al. In-vitro osteogenesis of synoviumstem cells induced by controlled release of bisphosphate additivesfrom microspherical mesoporous sil ica composite. Biomaterials.2009;30(23-24):3996-4005.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443027 [36] Romanov YA,Svintsitskaya VA,Smirnov VN. Searching foralternativesources of postnatal human mesenchymal stemcells:candidate MSC-like cells from umbilical cord.Stem Cells.2003;21(1):105-108.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12529557 [37] Baksh D,Yao R,Tuan RS.Comparison of proliferative andmultilineage differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stemcells derived from umbilical cord and bone marrow. Stem Cells.2007;25(6):1384-1392.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332507 [38] Hsieh JY,Fu YS,Chang SJ,et al.Functional module analysisreveals differential osteogenic and stemness potentials in humanmesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and Wharton's jelly ofumbilical cord.Stem Cells Dev. 2010;19(12):1895-1910.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20367285 [39] Majore I, Moretti P, Stahl F, et al. Growth and differentiationproperties of mesenchymal stromal cell populations derived fromwhole human umbilical cord. Stem Cell Rev. 2011;7(1):17-31.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20596801[40] 郭昱成,王菲,周洪.脐带间充质干细胞复合β-磷酸三钙生物陶瓷体内外成骨能力的初步研究[J].上海口腔医学,2012 ,21(1): 24-30.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SHKY201201008.htm [41] McGuckin CP,Forraz N.Potential for access to embryonic-like cells from human umbilical cord blood. Cell Proliferation. 2008; 41:31-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18181943[42] 佟晶洁,许珊,吕衡,等.体外诱导脐血间充质干细胞分化为成骨细胞[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009,13(27):5319- 5323.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-XDKF200927026.htm[43] 张赫,李昂,饶国洲,等.人脐血间充质干细胞的分离培养及成骨诱导活性[J].上海口腔医学, 2010,19(3):290-295.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SHKY201003029.htm[44] 郑德宇,杨依勇,朱慧敏,等.脐带血间充质干细胞的成骨诱导及与β-磷酸3钙的生物相容性[J].解剖学进展,2010,16(6):563-566、569.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/90877X/201006/36258939.html [45] Zvaifler NJ,Marinova- Mutafchieva L,Adams G,et al.Mesenchymal precursor cells in the blood of normal individuals. Arthritis Res.2000;2(6):477- 488.http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/11056678[46] 刘世森,苏方,刘洪,等.外周血作为骨组织工程种子细胞来源的初步研究[J].口腔颌面修复学杂志,2009,10(3):132-135.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KHXF200903005.htm [47] Ulrich K,Kaufmann PM,Fiegel HC,e t a l. Long-term differentiated function of heterotopically transplanted hepatocytes on three-dimensional polymer matrices.J Biomed Mater Res.1999;47(4):494-503.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10497284 [48] Hernigou P,Poignard A,Beaujean F,et al. Percutaneous autologous bone-marrow grafting for nonunions. Influence of the number and concentration of progenitor cells. J Bone Joint Surg Am.2005;87(7):1430-1437.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15995108[49] 李宁毅,陈立强,陈涛,等.富血小板血浆与带血管肌筋膜在组织工程骨血管化中的作用[J].华西口腔医学杂志,2007,25(4):408- 411.http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_hxkqyxzz200704027.aspx [50] Salo P,Bray R,Seerattan R,et al. Neuropeptides regulate expression of matrix molecule,growth factor and inflammatory mediator mRNA in explants of normal and healing medial collateral ligament. Regul Pept.2007;142(1-2):1-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17292490 [51] Kaplan FS,Hahn GV,Zasbff MA.Heterotopic ossification two forns and what they can teach us.Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1994;2:288-296.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Heterotopic+ossification+two+forns+and+what+they+can+teach+us [52] Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, et al . Multilineage cells fromhuman adipose tissue: implication for cell based therapies.Tissue Eng.2001;7:211-228.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304456 [53] Zuk PA, zhu M, Ashjian P, et al. Human adipose tissueis a source of Multipotent stem cells.MolbiolCell.2002; 13: 4279-4295.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12475952[54] 李俊刚,王万明,孙效常.脂肪源性干细胞体外成骨特性的研究[J].实用骨科杂志,2010,16(7):505-509.http://journal.9med.net/html/qikan/wkx/sygkzz/20107167/syyj/20100809101909260_539583.html[55] 王伟,陈磊杰,张晨,等.不同浓度地塞米松诱导脂肪干细胞成骨分化的实验研究[J].中国修复重建外科杂志,2011,25(12): 1486- 1493.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZXCW201112029.htm[56] 黎洪棉,高建华,鲁峰,等.地塞米松在家兔脂肪基质干细胞定向诱导为成骨细胞的作用[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007, 11(20):3896-3899.http://www.cqvip.com/qk/80481b/200720/24685430.html [57] Tapp H,Hanley EN,Patt JC,et al.Adipose-derived stem cell:characterization and current application in orthopaedic tissue repair.Exp Biol Med(Maywood),2008;234(1):1-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Adipose-derived+stem+cell%3Acharacterization+and+current+application+in+orthopaedic+tissue+repair[58] 郝伟,胡蕴玉,魏义勇,等.脂肪干细胞/I型胶原凝胶复合体的构建及其体内外成骨分化研究[J].中华实验外科杂志,2007,24(6): 659-661.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/91364X/200706/24729049.html [59] Pittenger MF,Mackay AM,Beck SC,et al.Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells.Science.1999; 284 (5411):143-147.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102814[60] 王洪林,吕刚,许卫兵,等.富血小板血浆诱导脂肪干细胞成骨作用的实验研究[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2007,22(4):304-306.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-GGJS200704019.htm[61] 王栋,鹿均先,熊传芝.人脂肪干细胞分离培养鉴定及向成骨细胞诱导分化的实验研究[J].现代医学,2008;36(3):190-193.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-TDYX200803015.htm[62] 刘波,朱金土,曹毅,等.脂肪干细胞定向诱导分化为成骨细胞及其鉴定[J].中华中医药学刊,2011;29(12):2680-2681.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-ZYHS201112024.htm [63] Chan RW, Schwab KE, Gargett CE, et al. Clonogenicity of humanendometrial epithelial and stromal cells.Biol Reprod. 2004;70:1738-1750.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14766732 [64] Gargett CE. Uterine stem cells: what is the evidence? HumReprod Update.2007; 13:87-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960017 [65] Schwab KE, Hutchinson P, Gargett CE, et al. Identification ofsurface markers for prospective isolation of human endometrialstromal colony-forming cells. Hum Reprod. 2008;23:934-943.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305000 [66] Gargett CE.Identification and characterisation of human endometrialstem/progenitor cells. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol.2006; 46:250-253.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16704483 [67] Tsuji S, Yoshimoto M, Takahashi K, et al. Side population cellscontribute to the genesis of human endometrium. Fertil Steril.2008;90: 1528-1537.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462721[68] 杨新园,王伟,陈葳子,等.宫内膜基质干细胞的成骨及成软骨诱导分化研究[J].南方医科大学学报,2011,31(9):1488-1492.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DYJD201109006.htm [69] Zhao P,Ise H,Hongo M,et al.Human Amniotic Mesenchymal cells have some characteristics of cardiomyocytes.Transplantation.2005;79(5):528-535.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15753841 [70] In’t Anker PS,Scherjon SA,Keur CK,et al.Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells of fetal or maternal origin from human placenta. Stem Cells.2004; 22(7):1338-1345.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15579651 [71] Fukuchi Y,Nakajima H,Sugiyama D,et al.Human placenta-derived cells have mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell potential.Stem Cells.2004; 22(5):649-658.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342929[72] 王乐,周辉.羊膜的生物学特性及眼科应用进展[J].实用临床医学, 2006, 7(8):155-157.http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical_sylcyx200608087.aspx[73] 文道源,袁进,陈家祺.羊膜的应用与生物学改良[J].中华眼科杂志, 2006, 42(4):361 - 364.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/90450X/200604/21591900.html[74] 梅芳,唐军民,钟金妍,等.人羊膜基质细胞作为骨组织工程种子细胞的应用[J].北京大学学报,2009,41(2):192-195.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/93174A/200902/30129930.html[75] 钟金晟,梅芳,齐伟宏,等.聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石膜与人羊膜基质细胞联合构建骨组织工程细胞/支架[J].中国组织工程研究 2012, 16 (8):1345-1348http://home.crter.org/Html/2012_03_05/2_2370_2012_03_05_196312.html [76] Gronthos S,Mankani M,Brahim J,et al. Postnatal human dentalpulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad SciUSA.2000;97(25):13625-13630.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11087820 [77] d'Aquino,Graziano A,Sampaolesi M,et al. Human postnatal dentalpulp cells co-differentiate into osteoblasts and endotheliocytes: apivotal synergy leading to adult bone tissue formation. Cell DeathDiffer.2007;14(6):1162-1171.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347663 [78] Otaki S,Ueshima S,Shiraishi K,et al. Mesenchymal progenitor cellsin adult human dental pulp and their ability to form bone whentransplanted into immunocompromised mice. Cell Biol Int.2007;31(10):1191-1197.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17524678[79] 张晓艳,李小彤,曾祥龙.矿化液诱导人前磨牙牙髓干细胞向成骨细胞样细胞的分化[J],上海口腔医学,2010,19(4):398-402.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-SHKY201004021.htm[80] 李景辉,张方明,张振庭.人恒牙牙髓干细胞体外定向诱导分化为成骨细胞的研究[J].北京口腔医学,2011,19(3):139-143.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-BJKX201103008.htm [81] Miura M,Gronthos S,Zhao M,et al. SHED: Stem cells from human exfoliated teeth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2003; 100 (10):5807-5812.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716973 [82] Seo BM,Sonoyama W,Yamaza T,et al. SHED repair critical-size calvarial defects in mice. Oral Dis.2008;14(5): 428-434.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=SHED+repair+critical-size+calvarial+defects+in+mice [83] Chadipiralla K, Yochim JM, Bahuleyan B, et al.Osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from human periodontal ligaments and pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Cell Tissue Res.2010;340(2):323-333.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20309582 [84] 董正谋,刘鲁川.牙周膜干细胞的研究进展[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2012,39(4):519-522.http://www.cqvip.com/QK/95295A/201204/42387952.html[85] 杨丽,李玉林.人毛囊源性间充质样干细胞的分离培养与成骨诱导[D].吉林:白求恩医学院,2010.http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10183-2010110850.htm[86] 李冬梅,杨水友,李继承.真皮成纤维细胞成骨分化的实验研究[J].中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志,2010,19(6):567-570.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-GGZZ201006008.htm [87] miller AF ,Harvey SA,Thies RS,et al. Bone morphogenetic protein-9.An autocrine/paracrine cytokine in the liver[J]. Biol chem.2000;275(24):17937-17945.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10849432 [88] Luu HH,Song WX,Luo X,et al.Distinct roles of bone morpho genetic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Orthop Res.2007;25(5):665-667.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17290432 [89] Kang Q,Sun MH,Cheng H,et al.Characterization of the distinct orthotopic bone-forming activity of 14 BMPs using recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene delivery.Gene Ther.2004;11(17):1312-1320.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15269709[90] 张燕,文巍,罗进勇.骨形态蛋白9定向诱导多潜能干细胞分化[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2009,36(10):1291-1298.http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHSW200910011.htm[91] 黄帆,刘映孜,杨秋珺,等.全反式维甲酸增强骨形态蛋白9 诱导间充质干细胞成骨分化作用研究. 网络出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/ kcms/detail/ 51.1095.R. 20121129. 1108.002.html网络出版时间:2012-11-29 11:08.http://www.cnki.net/ kcms/detail/ 51.1095.R. 20121129. 1108.002.html |
[1] | Chen Yue-ping, Gao Hui, Chen Liang, Dong Pan-feng, Yin Qing-shui. Alcohol affects the femoral head intramedullary adipocytes [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(35): 6221-6227. |
[2] | Zhang Yan-hui, Jiang Hong-chun, Li Jing, Zhang Bao-di. Biomechanical changes of lumbar segment after fusion analyzed with three-dimensional nonlinear finite element [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(35): 6273-6280. |
[3] | Bai Wen-yuan, Gu Hong-sheng, Liao Zhen-hua, Liu Wei-qiang. Clinical application of artificial lumbar disc replacement: Present and future [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(35): 6321-6326. |
[4] | Li Rui-qi, Zhang Guo-ping, Ren Li-zhong, Li Ya-li, Lü Ya-jun. Evaluation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(35): 6327-6332. |
[5] | Wang Min, Lan Ya, Hu Hao, Shi Yong-quan, Han Ying, Zhou Xin-min. In vitro establishment of a three-dimensional hepatocyte culture system using collagen hydrogel as scaffolds [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5323-5330. |
[6] | Xie Ming-quan, Liu Hui-juan, Li Ping, Li Yu-min. Preparation and properties for magnetic/pH double sensitive hydrogel beads carrying carbamazepine [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5337-5344. |
[7] | Bao Yu-cheng, Zhang Wen-long, Wang Yong, Zhang Jie, Wang Yong-mei. Dual-drug sustained-release carrier: Preparation and performance [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5345-5350. |
[8] | Xian Yuan-fang, Wang Wen-ting, Yu Wei, Tu Li-hui, Wang Sheng-hai, Zou Cheng, Min Xiao-feng. Preparation of gelatin-magnetic micro-capsules by condensation method [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5357-5363. |
[9] | Yao Jin-feng, Zhang Xiao-wei, Zhou Qi, Zheng Cang-shang, Liang Zhi-gang, Bao Chong-yun. Ectopic bone formation in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-seeded osteoinductive calcium phosphate scaffolds [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5261-5268. |
[10] | Ye Peng, Tian Ren-yuan, Huang Wen-liang, Ma Li-kun, Deng Jiang. Silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffolds for bone tissue engineering [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5269-5274. |
[11] | Yin Xiao-peng, Xu Hui-fen, He Hui-yu. Comparison of the biocompatibility of three kinds of antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone matrices [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5275-5281. |
[12] | Xie Hui, Yang Fei, Zhao De-wei, Wang Ben-jie, Cui Da-ping, Wang Wei, Huang Shi-bo. Chondrocyte differentiation of dog bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with Bio-gide collagen membrane in vitro [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5282-5289. |
[13] | Ma Lu-ping, Zhong Liang-jun, Zhang Yuan-ming, Zhang Yuan, Zhang Peng-tao. Periodontal ligament cells from miniature swine grow on a hydroxyapatite scaffold [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(29): 5290-5295. |
[14] | Lu Shou-ming, Lu Shou-liang, Sun Tian-wei, Zhang Hang, Wang Qi-ming. Estrogen effects on serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 expression in ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(24): 4394-4400. |
[15] | Adila•Azhati, Zhao Long, Wang Qian, Ma Yi-tong. Cardiac function and electrophysiological characteristics in myocardial infarction rats after tissue engineered cardiac patch transplantation [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(24): 4401-4408. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||