Effect of mixed acid reflux time on purification and biocompatibility of large-inner-diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0065

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: A mass of debris particles that can lead to cytotoxicity exist in commercial large-inner-diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes (LID-MWCNTs). Because of the high hydrophobicity on the surface of the tube wall, the carbon tubes can be twisted and agglomerated, resulting in the low dispersion and poor biocompatibility. Therefore, to explore the effective methods of purifying and modifying LID-MWCNTs is the primary problem to develop its potency in the biomedical application.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different mixed acid reflux time on LID-MWCNTs purification and biocompatibility.

METHODS: After pretreatment with high temperature calcinations and hydrochloric acid pickling, LID-MWCNTs were purified under different time of mixed acid reflux time (1, 2, 4 hours). The mixed acid reflux time for best purification was chosen based on surface morphology and dispersibility, so as to optimize preparation technology and observe the characterization. The L929 cells and CAL-27 cells were treated with different concentrations of raw LID-MWCNTs (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L) and purified LID-MWCNTs by mixed acid reflux (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L). After 72 hours, cell counting kit-8 assay was employed to test the proliferation of L929 cells and CAL-27 cells.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the time of mixed acid reflux, the length of LID-MWCNTs was decreased, and the dispersion was improved. However, the external surface of the tubes after mixed acid reflux 2 and 4 hours were destroyed obviously. Especially after mixed acid reflux 4 hours, the tubes were destroyed seriously and the diameter of tubes was not uniform. However, after mixed acid reflux 1 hour, the fundamental structure and morphology of the tubes were not changed, the debris particles were undetected on the tube wall surface, and the tubes had the good dispersion. (2) Under the same concentration, the survival rate of L929 cells in the raw LID-MWCNTs group was lower than that in the purified LID-MWCNTs group. At the concentration of 10-80 mg/L, the survival rate of L929 cells in the group of mixed acids reflux 1 hour was up to 90%, higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). (3) Under the same concentration, the survival rate of CAL-27 cells in the raw LID-MWCNTs group was lower than that in the purified LID-MWCNTs. At the concentration of 20-80 mg/L, the survival rate of CAL-27 cells in the group of mixed acids reflux 1 hour was up to 90%, higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). These results revealed that the raw LID-MWCNTs were purified effectively after mixed acid reflux 1 hour, and the cytotoxicity was decreased.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

Key words: Biocompatible Materials, Nanotubes, Carbon, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Meng Ai, Wang Jian, Sui Lei. Effect of mixed acid reflux time on purification and biocompatibility of large-inner-diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2018, 22(6): 896-901.

Figures/Tables 5

References

[1]Sharkey JJ,Stranks SD,Huang J,et al.Engineering nanostructures by binding single molecules to single-walled carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano.2014;8(12):12748-12754.

[2]Xu J,Xie Y,Zhang H,et al.Fabrication of PLGA/MWNTs composite electrospun fibrous scaffolds for improved myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.2014;123: 907-915.

[3]Uetani K,Ata S,Tomonoh S,et al.Elastomeric thermal interface materials with high through-plane thermal conductivity from carbon fiber fillersvertically aligned by electrostatic flocking. Adv Mater.2014;26(33):5857-5862.

[4]Yamada K,Kim CT,Kim JH,et al.Single walled carbon nanotube- based junction biosensor for detection of Escherichia coli.PLoS One.2014;9(9):e105767.

[5]刘俊希,张杰,张宇,等.复合叶酸-碳纳米管-紫杉醇的司盘-聚乙二醇超声对比剂微泡的制备[J].中国组织工程研究, 2017,21(2):260-267.

[6]Lodhi N,Mehra NK,Jain NK.Development and characterization of dexamethasone mesylate anchored on multi walled carbon nanotubes.J Drug Target.2013;21(1):67-76.

[7]Aminzadeh Z,Jamalan M,Chupani L,et al.In vitro reprotoxicity of carboxyl-functionalised single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on human spermatozoa.Andrologia. 2016. doi: 10.1111/and.12741. [Epub ahead of print]

[8]Joddar B,Garcia E,Casas A,et al.Development of functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotube-based alginate hydrogels for enabling biomimetic technologies.Sci Rep.2016;6:32456.

[9]Wu Z,Mitra S.Microwave induced reactive base wash for the removal of oxidation debris from carboxylated carbon nanotubes.Carbon N Y.2015;1(88):233-238.

[10]Darne C,Terzetti F,Coulais C,et al.Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of panel of single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes: in vitro effects on normal Syrian hamster embryo and immortalized v79 hamster lung cells.J Toxicol. 2014;2014:872195.

[11]Rodrigues BV,Leite NC,Cavalcanti BD,et al.Graphene oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanofeatured scaffolds for the assisted deposition of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and biological evaluation.Int J Nanomedicine. 2016;13(11):2569-2585.

[12]Gorham JM,Osborn WA,Woodcock JW,et al.Detecting Carbon in Carbon: Exploiting Differential Charging to Obtain Information on the Chemical Identity and Spatial Location of Carbon Nanotube Aggregates in Composites by Imaging X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.Carbon N Y. 2016;96:1208-1216.

[13]Matson ML,Villa CH,Ananta JS,et al.Encapsulation of α-Particle-Emitting 225Ac3+ Ions Within Carbon Nanotubes.J Nucl Med.2015;56(6):897-900.

[14]Agustina E,Goak J,Lee S,et al.Simple and Precise Quantification of Iron Catalyst Content in Carbon Nanotubes Using UV/Visible Spectroscopy. ChemistryOpen. 2015;4(5):613-619.

[15]Bo?ena C,Patryk O,Ewa WA,et al.Water treatment by H2O2and/or UV affects carbon nanotube (CNT) properties and fate in water and tannic acid solution.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015;22(24):20198-20206.

[16]Suri A,Coleman KS.The superiority of air oxidation over liquid-phase oxidative treatment in the purification of carbon nanotubes.Carbon.2011;49(9):3031-3038.

[17]Cui X,Wan B,Yu Y,et al.Length effects on the dynamic process of cellular uptake and exocytosis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in murine macrophage cells.Sci Rep.2017;7(1):1518.

[18]Haniu H,Saito N,Matsuda Y,et al.Biological responses according to the shape and size of carbon nanotubes in BEAS-2B and MESO-1 cells.Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:1979-1990.

[19]Ha HK,Kim JW,Lee MR,et al.Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of β-Lactoglobulin Nanoparticles: The Effects of Particle Size and Surface Charge.Asian-Australas J Anim Sci.2015;28(3):420-427.

[20][20] Braun EI,Draper R,Pantano P.Enriched surface acidity for surfactant-free suspensions of carboxylated carbon nanotubes purified by centrifugation.Anal Chem Res. 2016;8:26-33.

[21]Fahrenholtz CD,Hadimani M,King SB,et al.Targeting breast cancer with sugar-coated carbon nanotubes.Nanomedicine(Lond). 2015;10(16):2481-2497.

[22]Luo X,Matranga C,Tan S,et al.Carbon nanotube nanoreservior for controlled release of anti-in?ammatory dexamethasone. Biomaterials.2011;32(26):6316-6323.

[23]Sobhani Z,Dinarvand R,Atyabi F,et al.Increased paclitaxel cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines using a novel functionalized carbon nanotube.Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:705-719.

[24]Morsy M,Helal M,El-Okr M,et al.Preparation, purification and characterization of high purity multi-wall carbon nanotube. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014;132:594-598.

[25]Kim H,Kwak SY,Park JH,et al.Homogeneous Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes on Surface-Modified Bulk Titanium Substrates by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition.J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2016;16(1): 903-909.

[26]Ren J,Shen S,Wang D,et al.The targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to brain glioma by PEGylated oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with angiopep-2.Biomaterials.2012;33(11): 3324-3333.

[27]Chiu WM,Chang YA.Chemical modification of multiwalled carbon nanotube with the liquid phase method.J Appl Polym Sci. 2008; 107(3):1655-1660.

[28]Araujo R,Marques MF,Jonas R,et al.Influence of Chemical Treatment on the Morphology and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes.J Nanosci Nanotechnol.2016;16(1):1174-1180.

[29]Wen S,Liu H,Cai H,et al.Targeted and pH-responsive delivery of doxorubicin to cancer cells using multifunctional dendrimer-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes.Adv Healthc Mater. 2013;2(9):1267-1276.