Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (20): 3265-3271.doi: 10.12307/2024.350

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Mechanism of action and related signaling pathways of long non-coding RNAs in neuroimmuno-inflammatory response after ischemic stroke

Wan Jun1, Bai Yanjie2, Wang Yan2, Chen Shuying1, Chen Limin1, Xiao Yuqian1, Sun Kexin1   

  1. 1Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2023-05-18 Accepted:2023-06-15 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2023-09-11
  • Contact: Bai Yanjie, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Wan Jun, Master candidate, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Special Key Course of TCM Scientific Research in Henan Province, No. 20-21ZY1009 (to BYJ); Henan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Talent Project (Zhongjing Project) for TCM Discipline Top Talents, No. CZ0237-08 (to BYJ); Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Plan, No. 222102310529 (to BYJ); National Clinical Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Provincial Health Commission, No. 2022JDZX005 (to BYJ); Henan Province TCM Top Talent Training Project Special Topic, No. 2022ZYBJ07 (to BYJ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as important regulators of the inflammatory response, are involved in the immune-inflammation-brain crosstalk mechanism after ischemic stroke and have the potential to become a therapeutic agent for neurological dysfunction after ischemic stroke.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the molecular mechanism of lncRNA acting on glial cells involved in the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade response after ischemic stroke and the associated signaling pathways, pointing out that lncRNAs have the potential to regulate inflammation after ischemic stroke.
METHODS: PubMed was searched using the search terms of “ischemic stroke, long non-coding RNA, neuroinflammation, immune function, signal pathway, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte, mechanism,” and 63 relevant documents were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the early stage of ischemic stroke, the death of nerve cells due to ischemia and hypoxia activates the innate immune response of the brain, promoting the secretion of inflammatory factors and inducing blood-brain barrier damage and a series of inflammatory cascades responses. As an important pathogenesis factor in ischemic stroke, the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade has been proved to seriously affect the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke, and it needs to be suppressed promptly in the early stage. Neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke usually induces abnormal expression of a large number of lncRNAs that mediate a series of neuro-immune-inflammatory crosstalk mechanisms through regulating the polarization of microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes to exert post-stroke neuroprotective effects. LncRNAs, as important regulatory factors of the inflammatory response, inhibit the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade response after ischemic stroke through regulating nuclear factor-κB, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis, Rho-ROCK, MAPK, AKT, ERK and other signaling pathways to effectively improve neurological impairment after ischemic stroke. Most of experimental studies on the interaction between lncRNAs and ischemic stroke are based on a middle cerebral artery occlusion model or a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model, but no clinical trials have been conducted. Therefore, it remains to be further explored about whether lncRNAs can be safely applied in clinical practice. At present, there are many therapeutic drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke, but there are relatively few studies on the application of lncRNAs, exosomes and other transplantation technologies for the treatment of ischemic stroke using tissue engineering technology, which need to be further explored. lncRNA has become an important target for the treatment of ischemic stroke with its relative stability and high specificity. In future studies, more types of inflammatory lncRNAs that function under ischemic-hypoxia conditions should continue to be explored, in order to provide new research directions for the treatment of neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.

Key words: ischemic stroke, long non-coding RNA, neuroinflammation, immune function, signaling pathway, neuroglia cell, inflammatory factor, mechanism

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