Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 1780-1788.doi: 10.12307/2024.206

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Role and mechanism of reactive oxygen species in tendinopathy

Liu Ke1, Xu Weidong2, Zhou Hengyu3, Bai Shuo4, Zhang Zhen5, Ge Ruidong6, 7   

  1. 1School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; 3School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; 4Beijing Chaoyang District Taiyanggong Community Health Service Center, Beijing 100028, China; 5Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Da Wang Lu Emergency Hospital, Beijing 100122, China;6Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; 7School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2023-01-30 Accepted:2023-03-14 Online:2024-04-18 Published:2023-07-27
  • Contact: Ge Ruidong, PhD, Associate chief therapist, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Liu Ke, Master candidate, School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. 2020064 (to GRD)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species may be closely related to the occurrence and development of tendinopathy, but its exact role and related signal transduction mechanism have not been fully summarized. 
OBJECTIVE: To review current clinical or preclinical original studies, summarize the role of reactive oxygen species in tendinopathy and related signal transduction pathways and to explore its characteristics and whether there is a unified downstream pathway.
METHODS: Relevant original studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, as well as CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched by computer and the search results were screened and excluded according to the inclusion criteria. Ninety articles were finally included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Reactive oxygen species affects the direction of tendon healing by simultaneously acting on tendon cells and the extracellular matrix, and it exhibits a bifacial effect in the treatment of tendinopathy. Concentration of reactive oxygen species may be the key to determining its direction of action. The possibility that low-dose reactive oxygen species can participate in the normal physiological healing of tendons or that tendon tissues are adaptive to stimulations may be the underlying mechanism that produces this characteristic effect. Reactive oxygen species affect the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix and normal tendon repair as well as maintain viability in response to external stimulations through matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, mitochondrial apoptosis, the forkhead transcription factor O family, autophagy, inflammation, and antioxidant signaling pathways. Different reactive oxygen species stimulation intensities, durations, and external environments may cause different alterations in downstream molecular pathways and thus have different effects on the tendon. Due to the large gap in the number of literature included in the evaluation of the positive and negative effects of reactive oxygen species, it may cause some analytical error in the search for factors behind the characteristics of the action of reactive oxygen species in tendon. In addition, most experimental intervention conditions and results of interest are relatively homogeneous; therefore, the temporal and quantitative mechanisms of reactive oxygen species and the synergistic effects with other intervention factors have not been clarified, and the overall system of molecular actions of reactive oxygen species in tendinopathy has not been constructed. To conclude, reactive oxygen species might be involved in the treatment and prevention of tendinopathies as a beneficial factor in the future, and facilitate the exploration of oxidative stress signaling pathways and overall molecular action systems in tendinopathies thereafter, as well as lay the foundation for research on the therapeutic strategies of different antioxidants in tendinopathies to better prevent and treat tendon injury and degeneration.

Key words: reactive oxygen species, tendinopathy, bifacial effect, signal transduction pathway, does-effect relationship, time-effect relationship, synergistic effect, review

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