Displacement and rate changes of orthodontic tooth movement in Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic fluorosis

doi:10.12307/2022.898

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The orthodontic course is clinically reported to be longer in patients with dental fluorosis than in non-fluorosis patients. However, it is unclear in which parts of the tooth movement cycle the slowing down of the tooth movement rate is mainly reflected.
OBJECTIVE: To study the displacement and rate changes of orthodontic tooth movement in Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic fluorosis during a tooth movement cycle, thereby providing an experimental basis for future related mechanistic studies and orthodontic treatment of patients with dental fluorosis.
METHODS: Twelve 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly divided into fluoride group and control group, with six rats per group. Rats in the fluoride group were fed with 150 mg/L sodium fluoride solution daily to replicate the fluorosis model. Two groups of rats were then fitted with a nickel-titanium tension spring orthodontic loading device. The bilateral maxillary first molars were moved mesially under a force of 70 g. The the distance from the midpoint of the proximal surface of maxillary first molars to the distal-lingual-gingival angle of the Ipsilateral maxillary central incisors was measured with a digital vernier caliper and the proximal displacement and movement rate of first molars was observed on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the fluoride group, Grade II-III dental fluorosis appeared, and the urine fluoride level was higher than normal (P < 0.05), indicating the successful replication of chronic fluorosis model. There was no significant sex difference in the total displacement and total rate of tooth movement between the two groups. There was a tendency for the total displacement and total rate of tooth movement to be lower in the fluoride group than in the control group, but no statistical difference was observed during the observation period. The segmental displacement and segmental rate of tooth movement of rats in both groups showed a trend of increasing, then decreasing and increasing again with time, and the second increase was more obvious in the fluoride group. All these findings indicate that tooth movement in rats with chronic fluorosis is inhibited to some extent in a full tooth movement cycle. The total displacement and total rate of rats with chronic fluorosis are reduced, and there is no significant sex difference. Orthodontic tooth movement in rats with chronic fluorosis conforms to the typical tooth movement cycle involving three phases of “rapid–retarded–rebound.” The shortened retarded phase in rats with chronic fluorosis suggests possible destructive alterations.

Key words: chronic fluorosis, orthodontic tooth movement, Sprague-Dawley rat, displacement, movement rate, tooth movement cycle

CLC Number:

Ding Xue, Jia Ying, Liu Chun, Yang Shirong, Lai Lingyan, Yang Hua, Ding Qi. Displacement and rate changes of orthodontic tooth movement in Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic fluorosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(29): 4687-4692.

Figures/Tables 7

References

[1] ASIRY MA. Biological aspects of orthodontic tooth movement: A review of literature. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018;25(6):1027-1032.
[2] JEON HH, TEIXEIRA H, TSAI A. Mechanistic Insight into Orthodontic Tooth Movement Based on Animal Studies: A Critical Review. J Clin Med. 2021;10(8):1733.
[3] LI Y, ZHAN Q, BAO M, et al. Biomechanical and biological responses of periodontium in orthodontic tooth movement: up-date in a new decade. Int J Oral Sci. 2021;13(1):20.
[4] WEI Y, ZENG B, ZHANG H, et al. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Analysis of Serum Proteins in Wistar Rats Treated with Sodium Fluoride: Insight into the Potential Mechanism and Candidate Biomarkers of Fluorosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(10):1644.
[5] ZORLU FY, DARICI H, TURKKAHRAMAN H. Histomorphometric and Histopathologic Evaluation of the Effects of Systemic Fluoride Intake on Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Eur J Dent. 2019;13(3):361-369.
[6] 李薛燕,黄文丽.氟中毒致机体损伤及其机制[J] .国外医学(医学地理分册),2015,36(3):186-189.
[7] 蒋宁宁.氟对骨细胞调控成骨作用的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2020.
[8] DI GIOVANNI T, ELIADES T, PAPAGEORGIOU SN. Interventions for dental fluorosis: A systematic review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018;30(6):502-508.
[9] FOSSEY S, VAHLE J, LONG P, et al. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Skeletal Tissues (Bones, Joints, and Teeth). J Toxicol Pathol. 2016;29(3 Suppl):49S-103S.
[10] DAIWILE AP, SIVANESAN S, IZZOTTI A, et al. Noncoding RNAs: Possible Players in the Development of Fluorosis. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015: 274852.
[11] 张文岚,高申,郑德明,等.慢性氟中毒与成骨细胞激活[J].中国地方病防治杂志,2003,18(4):210-213.
[12] 姜国有.氟牙症对正畸的影响研究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘:连续型电子期刊,2015,15(34):54.
[13] GONZALES C, HOTOKEZAKA H, KARADENIZ EI, et al. Effects of fluoride intake on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically induced root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(2):196-205.
[14] PERUMAL E, PAUL V, GOVINDARAJAN V, et al. A brief review on experimental fluorosis. Toxicol Lett. 2013;223(2):236-251.
[15] NAGENDRA AH, BOSE B, SHENOY PS. Recent advances in cellular effects of fluoride: an update on its signalling pathway and targeted therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(7):5661-5673.
[16] 万良斌,于燕妮,万昌武,等.慢性氟中毒对大鼠骨组织 Dlx5 蛋白及其 mRNA 表达的影响[J].中国预防医学杂志,2012,13(9):641-644.
[17] LIU L, ZHANG Y, GU HF, et al. The effect of fluoride on the metabolism of teeth and bone in rats. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2014;23(2):129-132.
[18] ZHAO Q, TAN Z, GUO J, et al. Influences of orthodontic tooth movement on estrous cycle and estrogen in rats. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2006;41(2):90-91.
[19] DENG L, GUO Y. Estrogen effects on orthodontic tooth movement and orthodontically-induced root resorption. Arch Oral Biol. 2020;118: 104840.
[20] ISOLA G, MATARESE G, CORDASCO G, et al. Mechanobiology of the tooth movement during the orthodontic treatment: a literature review. Minerva Stomatol. 2016;65(5):299-327.
[21] 贾玉龙,王旭霞,刘舒扬,等.牵引上颌埋伏尖牙移动过程的动态模拟[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2011,27(8):487-489.
[22] KOHNO T, MATSUMOTO Y, KANNO Z, et al. Experimental tooth movement under light orthodontic forces: rates of tooth movement and changes of the periodontium. J Orthod. 2002;29(2):129-135.
[23] WALDO CM, ROTHBLATT JM. Histologic response to tooth movement in the laboratory rat; procedure and preliminary observations. J Dent Res. 1954;33(4):481-486.
[24] KIRSCHNECK C, BAUER M, GUBERNATOR J, et al. Comparative assessment of mouse models for experimental orthodontic tooth movement. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):12154.
[25] REN Y, MALTHA JC, VAN ‘T HOF MA, et al. Age effect on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J Dent Res. 2003;82(1):38-42.
[26] VERNA C, DALSTRA M, MELSEN B. The rate and the type of orthodontic tooth movement is influenced by bone turnover in a rat model. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22(4):343-352.
[27] HUANG H, WILLIAMS RC, KYRKANIDES S. Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: molecular mechanisms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146(5):620-632.
[28] KRISHNAN V, DAVIDOVITCH Z. On a path to unfolding the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res. 2009;88(7): 597-608.
[29] HENNEMAN S, VON DEN HOFF JW, MALTHA JC. Mechanobiology of tooth movement. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30(3):299-306.
[30] MURSHID SA. The role of osteocytes during experimental orthodontic tooth movement: A review. Arch Oral Biol. 2017;73:25-33.
[31] HOLLIDAY LS, OSTROV DA, WRONSKI TJ, et al. Osteoclast polarization and orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009;12(2): 105-112.
[32] 李仲伟.慢性氟中毒对大鼠牙移动过程中张力侧牙周组织VEGF、eNOS和ALP表达的影响[D].贵阳:贵州医科大学,2021.
[33] 周星宇.慢性氟中毒对大鼠正畸牙移动压力侧牙周组织改建及相关骨效应变化[D].贵阳:贵州医科大学,2021.
[34] IBRAHIM AY, GUDHIMELLA S, PANDRUVADA SN, et al. Resolving differences between animal models for expedited orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2017;20 Suppl 1:72-76.
[35] DAVILA JE, MILLER JR, HODGES JS, et al. Effect of neonatal capsaicin treatment on orthodontic tooth movement in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(4):e345-e352.
[36] VERNA C, DALSTRA M, MELSEN B. The rate and the type of orthodontic tooth movement is influenced by bone turnover in a rat model. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22(4):343-352.
[37] ZHOU J, YANG F, XU X, et al. Dynamic Evaluation of Orthodontically-Induced Tooth Movement, Root Resorption, and Alveolar Bone Remodeling in Rats by in Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:8306-8314.
[38] ZOU M, LI C, ZHENG Z. Remote Corticotomy Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement in a Rat Model. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:4934128.
[39] 刘红,王毅,张勤.牙周炎大鼠正畸牙移动过程中基质金属蛋白酶7在牙周组织中的表达[J].中国组织工程研究,2019,23(11):1669-1673.
[40] 燕滨漪,冯云霞,张亮.不同力值对正畸治疗影响的实验研究[J].山西医科大学学报,2009,40(7):607-611,673.
[41] 常悦,王明洁,王月,等.不同正畸力对大鼠牙周组织张力侧BMP-2蛋白表达的影响[J].郑州大学学报(医学版), 2015,50(5): 675-678.
[42] THEODOROU CI, KUIJPERS-JAGTMAN AM, BRONKHORST EM, et al. Optimal force magnitude for bodily orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances: A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;156(5):582-592.
[43] FLORES-MIR C. Forces Between 50 and 100 cN May be Best for Mesiodistal Orthodontic Tooth Movements by Fixed Appliances. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2020;20(4):101490.