Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (26): 4242-4251.doi: 10.12307/2022.830

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Osteoimmunological effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha in alveolar bone remodeling

Gong Yuqing, Yao Wei, Li Ran   

  1. Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-10-08 Accepted:2021-11-13 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-03-09
  • Contact: Yao Wei, MD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China Li Ran, MD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Gong Yuqing, Master candidate, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province, No. 2019L0443 (to YW); the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (General Program), No. 201701D121144 (to YW)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoimmunology emphasizes the inseparable relationship between skeletal system and immune system, and its rise provides a new research direction for the treatment of alveolar bone remodeling related diseases. Tumor necrosis factor-α is an important cytokine in osteoimmunology, which participates in bone metabolism and bone remodeling related to osteoarthritis, chronic periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement.
OBJECTIVE: To review the osteoimmunological effect of tumor necrosis factor-α during alveolar bone remodeling and the latest progress.
METHODS: The literatures related to tumor necrosis factor-α, bone remodeling, osteoimmunology were searched in PubMed, WanFang and CNKI databases, and finally 76 articles were included and summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Alveolar bone is the most active part of bone remodeling, and alveolar bone remodeling is common in orthodontic treatment, periodontitis treatment and osseointegration of implants. The osteoimmunological effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on alveolar bone remodeling is that high concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α mainly promotes the expression of osteoclast genes such as nuclear factor κB receptor activator ligand through nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway, thus promoting the maturation and differentiation of osteoclasts leading to bone resorption. In the early stage, low concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α indirectly promotes the expression of osteogenic genes such as osteocalcin by activating Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways through the nuclear factor-κB pathway, which subsequently promotes osteoblast maturation and differentiation and leads to new bone formation. Therefore, tumor necrosis factor-α is one of the key cytokines regulating alveolar bone remodeling and plays a core role in the molecular mechanism network of this process. Tumor necrosis factor-α has a bi-directional regulatory role and the microenvironment in vivo is complex, so how to control the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α is a difficult problem. This review may be expected to provide a new research direction and theoretical basis for monitoring the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α and immediate feedback in clinical orthodontics, periodontitis and implant treatments to prevent iatrogenic alveolar bone resorption.

Key words: tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, osteoimmunology, osteoblast, osteoclast, periodontitis, alveolar bone remodeling, osseointegration

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