Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (25): 4038-4044.doi: 10.12307/2021.017

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Application status and prospect of induced pluripotent stem cell gene editing

Zhou Can, Yang Linan, Yang Kun, Liu Qi   

  1. Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-09-12 Revised:2020-09-15 Accepted:2020-10-22 Online:2021-09-08 Published:2021-03-30
  • Contact: Liu Qi, MD, Professor, Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Can, Master candidate, Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860196 (to LQ); and National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760199 (to YK)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, due to advances in genetic engineering, cell reprogramming has become possible, and cell DNA can be manipulated by some tools, such as transgenes, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases, zinc finger nucleases and CRISPR/Cas9. In the reprogramming of cells, the cells are first transformed into an induced pluripotent stem cell state, and then differentiated into the desired lineage, thereby generating a large number of reprogrammed cells. Since the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell technology ten years ago, stem cell biology and regenerative medicine have made tremendous progress. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are now widely used in disease modeling, drug development, and disease cell therapy. At the same time, clinical trials of induced pluripotent stem cell derivatives have also been initiated. With the continuous update of gene editing technology, the combination of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and gene editing, gene editing of disease induced pluripotent stem cells, correction of disease-causing mutations and use in cell therapy are becoming hotspots in translational medicine and regenerative medicine.
OBJECTIVE: By summarizing the characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells and their combined application with gene editing, the aim is to guide appropriate methods for the study of disease-causing mechanisms and treatment of disease.
METHODS: The first author searched CNKI, China Biomedical Literature Database, Elsevier Database, PubMed Database for related literature from 2010 to 2020. In the title, abstract, and keyword, the search terms were “induced pluripotent stem cells, CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing, disease modeling, drug development, regeneration” in Chinese and English. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human induced pluripotent stem cells and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system are two tools for basic research and translational research, which can not only understand the molecular basis of many diseases, but also carry out pharmacological research. With the continuous development and progress of technology, induced pluripotent stem cells combined with gene editing have been carried out in many fields, and certain research results have been obtained. However, there are still shortcomings in this method. Off-target effects, high analysis costs, and gene editing with unknown pathogenic mutations or risk mutations, and the mutation risk of induced pluripotent stem cells implanted in the body need to be solved by scholars.

Key words: stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, CRISPR/Cas9, gene editing, models, drug development, regeneration, review

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