中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (33): 8811-8821.doi: 10.12307/2026.392
• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇 下一篇
李 兵1,苏 煜1,全家霖2,袁玉峰1,王全军1,谢 科1,王平安1,余嵩元1
收稿日期:2024-07-09
修回日期:2025-10-22
出版日期:2026-11-28
发布日期:2026-06-18
通讯作者:
苏煜,教授,博士,韶关学院体育学院体质与健康工作室,广东省韶关市 512005
通讯作者:全家霖,硕士,广州体育学院研究生院,广东省广州市 510500
作者简介:李兵,男,1979年生,山东省邹平市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事体育锻炼与身心健康方面的研究。
基金资助:Li Bing1, Su Yu1, Quan Jialin2, Yuan Yufeng1, Wang Quanjun1, Xie Ke1, Wang Ping'an1, Yu Songyuan1
Received:2024-07-09
Revised:2025-10-22
Online:2026-11-28
Published:2026-06-18
Contact:
Su Yu, PhD, Professor, Physical Fitness and Health Studio, College of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, Guangdong Province, China
Co-corresponding author: Quan Jialin, MS, Graduate School of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province China
About author:Li Bing, MS, Physical Fitness and Health Studio, College of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, Guangdong Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
运动强度:是指单位时间内完成练习所用的力量大小和机体的紧张程度,影响运动强度的主要因素是练习时的速度和负重量。
认知功能:是指人类大脑在接受外界信息后,通过加工、储存以及提取信息,从而实现获取知识或者应用知识的过程,包括整体认知、记忆表现、执行功能、抑制控制和认知灵活性等多个方面。
目的:探讨运动干预对不同年龄段人群认知功能的影响以及改善认知功能的最适强度。
方法:基于PRISMA规范,检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网5个数据库自建库以来至2024年12月收录的不同运动强度对认知功能影响的随机对照试验。通过偏倚风险评估工具ROB2对所纳入文献进行偏倚风险评估,采用R 4.2.0软件及JAGS 4.3.0软件进行贝叶斯网状Meta分析,采用随机效应模型,并以标准化均数差(SMD)作为合并效应量,探讨改善结局指标(整体认知、记忆表现、抑制控制和认知灵活性)的最佳运动强度。
结果:共纳入63篇文献,4 167名参与者。①整体认知:对于年龄>45岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=1.34,95%CI=0.83-1.85,P < 0.05)和高强度运动(SMD=1.30,95%CI=0.29-2.33,P < 0.05)能显著提高整体认知水平,中等强度运动优于高强度运动;②记忆表现:对于年龄< 18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.68,95%CI=0.29-1.09,P < 0.05)显著提高记忆表现水平;对于年龄≤45岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.60,95%CI=0.33-0.89,P < 0.05)能显著提高记忆表现水平;对于年龄> 45岁人群,高强度运动(SMD=0.40,95%CI=0.06-0.75,P < 0.05)能显著提高记忆表现水平;③抑制控制:对于年龄< 18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.56,95%CI=0.31-0.81,P < 0.05)和高强度运动(SMD=0.43,95%CI=0.05-0.83,P < 0.05)能显著提高抑制控制水平,中等强度运动优于高强度运动;对于年龄≤45岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.55,95%CI=0.35-0.77,P < 0.05)和高强度运动(SMD=0.51,95%CI=0.19-0.85,P < 0.05)能显著提高抑制控制水平,中等强度运动优于高强度运动;对于年龄> 45岁人群,3种运动强度均不存在显著影响(P > 0.05);④认知灵活性:对于年龄≤18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.62,95%CI=0.25-1.01,P < 0.05)能显著提高认知灵活性;对于年龄>18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.47,95%CI=0.01-1.03,P < 0.05)能显著提高认知灵活性。
结论:相较于其他运动强度,中等强度在改善儿童青少年与青年人的记忆表现、抑制控制和认知灵活性方面表现出较优的效果。高强度运动能有效改善儿童青少年和青年人的抑制控制、中老年人的整体认知和记忆表现,且记忆表现的改善效果较优。实践过程中应综合考虑运动类型、周期、年龄等要素的影响,选取最适运动强度。
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1270-0182 (李兵)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
中图分类号:
李 兵, 苏 煜, 全家霖, 袁玉峰, 王全军, 谢 科, 王平安, 余嵩元. 运动强度对不同年龄段人群认知功能影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(33): 8811-8821.
Li Bing, Su Yu, Quan Jialin, Yuan Yufeng, Wang Quanjun, Xie Ke, Wang Ping'an, Yu Songyuan. Effects of exercise intensity on cognitive function in different age groups: a meta-analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(33): 8811-8821.













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由2名研究者独立进行资料提取并进行交叉核对,提取内容包括:标题、作者(年份)、样本量(试验组/对照组)、性别(男/女)、年龄(试验组/对照组)、干预措施(强度、时
间、频率、周期、测试方法)、干预前后结局指标数据等信息。如2位研究者意见有分歧时,需第3位研究者一起讨论决定。如数据缺失,首先联系作者索取信息,如联系失败则排除。由于无法获取原始数据计算相关系数,因此采用《Cochrane手册》推荐的相关系数r=0.50计算差值标准差[30-31],同时采用r=0.8计算差值标准差,以进行敏感性分析保证结果的稳健性。
综合世界卫生组织身体活动和久坐行为指南、中国全民健身指南以及美国身体活动指南对运动强度的评价标准,由3名研究者独立对纳入研究的运动强度进行分类,划分为对照组(无运动)、低强度组(<50%HRmax)、中等强度组(50%-70%HRmax)、高强度组(> 70%HRmax)[10,23,27]。当前运动改善认知领域的研究热点聚焦于多尺度机制解析与精准干预策略:在微观层面,深入探索运动对特定神经细胞的影响、认知改善的生物机制;在宏观层面,明确不同运动类型的认知靶向性,如抗阻训练提高整体认知与抑制控制、中等强度有氧改善记忆水平等。另外,部分研究关注人群特征,如超重肥胖、注意力缺陷障碍、低心肺适能、基因型(如APOE ε4)、基线认知状态等因素与认知改善的关系。为此,探讨运动干预改善不同年龄人群认知功能的最适强度,为制定运动处方以及开展精准干预提供循证依据。
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
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