中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (33): 8811-8821.doi: 10.12307/2026.392

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

运动强度对不同年龄段人群认知功能影响的Meta分析

李  兵1,苏  煜1,全家霖2,袁玉峰1,王全军1,谢  科1,王平安1,余嵩元1   

  1. 1韶关学院体育学院体质与健康工作室,广东省韶关市   512005;2广州体育学院研究生院,广东省广州市   510500
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-09 修回日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2026-11-28 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 苏煜,教授,博士,韶关学院体育学院体质与健康工作室,广东省韶关市 512005 通讯作者:全家霖,硕士,广州体育学院研究生院,广东省广州市 510500
  • 作者简介:李兵,男,1979年生,山东省邹平市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事体育锻炼与身心健康方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD20YDXZTY27),项目负责人:苏煜;韶关市哲学社会科学规划基础教育特别委托课题(W2022018),项目负责人:苏煜;韶关市哲学社会科学规划课题(G2022018),项目负责人:李兵

Effects of exercise intensity on cognitive function in different age groups: a meta-analysis

Li Bing1, Su Yu1, Quan Jialin2, Yuan Yufeng1, Wang Quanjun1, Xie Ke1, Wang Ping'an1, Yu Songyuan1   

  1. 1Physical Fitness and Health Studio, College of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, Guangdong Province, China; 2Graduate School of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province China
  • Received:2024-07-09 Revised:2025-10-22 Online:2026-11-28 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: Su Yu, PhD, Professor, Physical Fitness and Health Studio, College of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, Guangdong Province, China Co-corresponding author: Quan Jialin, MS, Graduate School of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong Province China
  • About author:Li Bing, MS, Physical Fitness and Health Studio, College of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project, No. GD20YDXZTY27 (to SY); Shaoguan Municipal Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Special Commissioned Project on Basic Education, No. W2022018 (to SY); Shaoguan Municipal Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project, No. G2022018 (to LB)

摘要:



文题释义:
运动强度:是指单位时间内完成练习所用的力量大小和机体的紧张程度,影响运动强度的主要因素是练习时的速度和负重量。
认知功能:是指人类大脑在接受外界信息后,通过加工、储存以及提取信息,从而实现获取知识或者应用知识的过程,包括整体认知、记忆表现、执行功能、抑制控制和认知灵活性等多个方面。

目的:探讨运动干预对不同年龄段人群认知功能的影响以及改善认知功能的最适强度。
方法:基于PRISMA规范,检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网5个数据库自建库以来至2024年12月收录的不同运动强度对认知功能影响的随机对照试验。通过偏倚风险评估工具ROB2对所纳入文献进行偏倚风险评估,采用R 4.2.0软件及JAGS 4.3.0软件进行贝叶斯网状Meta分析,采用随机效应模型,并以标准化均数差(SMD)作为合并效应量,探讨改善结局指标(整体认知、记忆表现、抑制控制和认知灵活性)的最佳运动强度。
结果:共纳入63篇文献,4 167名参与者。①整体认知:对于年龄>45岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=1.34,95%CI=0.83-1.85,P < 0.05)和高强度运动(SMD=1.30,95%CI=0.29-2.33,P < 0.05)能显著提高整体认知水平,中等强度运动优于高强度运动;②记忆表现:对于年龄< 18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.68,95%CI=0.29-1.09,P < 0.05)显著提高记忆表现水平;对于年龄≤45岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.60,95%CI=0.33-0.89,P < 0.05)能显著提高记忆表现水平;对于年龄> 45岁人群,高强度运动(SMD=0.40,95%CI=0.06-0.75,P < 0.05)能显著提高记忆表现水平;③抑制控制:对于年龄< 18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.56,95%CI=0.31-0.81,P < 0.05)和高强度运动(SMD=0.43,95%CI=0.05-0.83,P < 0.05)能显著提高抑制控制水平,中等强度运动优于高强度运动;对于年龄≤45岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.55,95%CI=0.35-0.77,P < 0.05)和高强度运动(SMD=0.51,95%CI=0.19-0.85,P < 0.05)能显著提高抑制控制水平,中等强度运动优于高强度运动;对于年龄> 45岁人群,3种运动强度均不存在显著影响(P > 0.05);④认知灵活性:对于年龄≤18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.62,95%CI=0.25-1.01,P < 0.05)能显著提高认知灵活性;对于年龄>18岁人群,中等强度运动(SMD=0.47,95%CI=0.01-1.03,P < 0.05)能显著提高认知灵活性。
结论:相较于其他运动强度,中等强度在改善儿童青少年与青年人的记忆表现、抑制控制和认知灵活性方面表现出较优的效果。高强度运动能有效改善儿童青少年和青年人的抑制控制、中老年人的整体认知和记忆表现,且记忆表现的改善效果较优。实践过程中应综合考虑运动类型、周期、年龄等要素的影响,选取最适运动强度。
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1270-0182 (李兵)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 运动强度, 整体认知, 记忆表现, 抑制控制, 认知灵活性, 网状Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exercise intervention on cognitive function in different age groups and to explore the optimal intensity of exercise intervention for improving cognitive function in different age groups.
METHODS: Based on the PRISMA guidelines, we searched five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CNKI) for randomized controlled trials on the effects of different exercise intensities on cognitive functions from their inception to December 2024. The Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed using R 4.2.0 software and JAGS 4.3.0. A random-effects model was applied, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used as pooled effect sizes. The optimal exercise intensities for improving outcome indicators (global cognition, memory performance, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility) were explored.
RESULTS: A total of 63 articles with 4 167 participants were included. (1) Overall cognitive function: in the age of > 45 years, moderate intensity exercise [SMD=1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.83-1.85, P < 0.05] and high-intensity exercise (SMD=1.30, 95% CI=0.29-2.33, P < 0.05) significantly improved the overall cognitive level, and moderate-intensity exercise was better than high-intensity exercise. (2) Memory performance: In the age of < 18 years, moderate-intensity exercise (SMD=0.68, 95% CI=0.29-1.09, P < 0.05) significantly improved the level of memory performance. In people aged ≤ 45 years, moderate-intensity exercise (SMD=0.60, 95% CI=0.33-0.89, P < 0.05) significantly improved memory performance. In the age of > 45 years, high-intensity exercise (SMD=0.40, 95% CI=0.06-0.75, P < 0.05) significantly improved memory performance. (3) Inhibitory control: In people aged < 18 years, moderate-intensity exercise (SMD=0.56, 95% CI=0.31-0.81, P < 0.05) and high-intensity exercise (SMD=0.43, 95% CI=0.05-0.83, P < 0.05) could significantly improve the level of inhibitory control, and moderate-intensity exercise was better than high-intensity exercise. In the age of ≤ 45 years, moderate-intensity exercise (SMD=0.55, 95%CI=0.35-0.77, P < 0.05) and high-intensity exercise (SMD=0.51, 95% CI=0.19-0.85, P < 0.05) significantly improved the level of inhibitory control, and moderate-intensity exercise had a better effect than high-intensity exercise. However, there was no significant effect on the three exercise intensities in the age of > 45 years (P > 0.05). (4) Cognitive flexibility: In people aged ≤ 18 years, moderate-intensity exercise (SMD=0.62, 95% CI=0.25-1.01, P < 0.05) significantly improved cognitive flexibility. In the age of > 18 years, moderate-intensity exercise (SMD=0.47, 95% CI=0.01-1.03, P < 0.05) significantly improved cognitive flexibility.
CONCLUSION: Compared with the other exercise intensities, moderate-intensity exercise shows better effects in improving memory performance, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility in children, adolescents, and young adults. High-intensity exercise can effectively improve inhibitory control in children, adolescents, and young adults, as well as overall cognition and memory performance in middle-aged and older adults, with particularly optimal improvements in memory performance. In practical applications, factors such as exercise type, duration, and age should be comprehensively considered to select the optimal exercise intensity. 


Key words: exercise intensity, overall cognition, memory performance, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, network meta-analysis

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