中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8108-8115.doi: 10.12307/2026.838

• 脐带脐血干细胞 umbilical cord blood stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

人脐带间充质干细胞治疗大鼠骨关节炎:缓解疼痛和保护软骨的双重作用

刘  芳,胡海敏,宋  丹,南  洁,蔡晓晓,贺庆瑞,廉瑞娇,罗  林,苑春慧   

  1. 北京再生生物科技研究院有限公司,北京市  102609
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-17 接受日期:2026-01-12 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 苑春慧,硕士,北京再生生物科技研究院有限公司,北京市 102609
  • 作者简介:刘芳,女,1997年生,2022年四川大学毕业,硕士,主要从事临床前药理学研究。

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoarthritis in rats: dual effect of relieving pain and protecting cartilage

Liu Fang, Hu Haimin, Song Dan, Nan Jie, Cai Xiaoxiao, He Qingrui, Lian Ruijiao, Luo Lin, Yuan Chunhui   

  1. Beijing Regenerative Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
  • Received:2025-09-17 Accepted:2026-01-12 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-23
  • Contact: Yuan Chunhui, MS, Beijing Regenerative Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
  • About author:Liu Fang, MS, Beijing Regenerative Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102609, China

摘要:

文题释义:

骨关节炎:是最常见的退行性关节疾病,主要特征是关节软骨进行性丧失,引起慢性疼痛和日益严重的活动障碍,最终可能导致关节功能完全丧失。
人脐带间充质干细胞:是来源于人脐带华通氏胶组织的一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体细胞类型,具有典型的间充质干细胞生长和形态学特点、表型特征和分化潜能。人脐带间充质干细胞具有软骨保护效应、成软骨分化潜能、旁分泌功能以及促进细胞外基质合成的作用,被认为是治疗骨关节炎的理想候选药物。

摘要
背景:人脐带间充质干细胞是治疗骨关节炎的潜在候选药物,但其剂量-疗效关系尚不明确。
目的:观察不同剂量人脐带间充质干细胞对骨关节炎大鼠的疗效,为人脐带间充质干细胞治疗骨关节炎的剂量选择提供参考。
方法:将单碘乙酸钠诱导的骨关节炎大鼠分为阴性对照组、透明质酸对照组、干细胞低剂量组(2.5×105/关节)、干细胞中剂量组(8.0×105/关节)和干细胞高剂量组(2.5×106/关节),未造模的正常大鼠纳入条件对照组,每组16只。各干细胞组大鼠右后肢膝关节腔内注射25 μL不同剂量的人脐带间充质干细胞,随后立刻注射25 μL 0.2%透明质酸溶液,透明质酸对照组大鼠右后肢膝关节腔内注射25 μL 0.2%透明质酸溶液和25 μL注射用氯化钠溶液,条件对照组和阴性对照组大鼠右后肢膝关节腔内注射50 μL注射用氯化钠溶液。分别于给药后2,4,6,8,10,12周时行爪压痛阈值、足底疼痛阈值、左右膝关节压痛阈值差和自主活动能力检测,给药后6,12周时取右后肢膝关节行关节软骨大体检查、苏木精-伊红染色和番红O-固绿染色并进行分级评分。
结果与结论:①在所有检测时间点,阴性对照组大鼠的爪压痛阈值、足底疼痛阈值和自主活动能力均低于条件对照组,左右膝关节压痛阈值差、关节软骨大体检查评分和组织损伤评分均高于条件对照组,表明成功建立骨关节炎大鼠模型;②与阴性对照组相比,干细胞中、高剂量组的上述指标均有不同程度改善。结果表明:经关节腔内单次注射8.0×105-2.5×106的人脐带间充质干细胞可明显提高骨关节炎大鼠的疼痛阈值和自主活动能力,修复关节软骨病理损伤,可见人脐带间充质干细胞对骨关节炎大鼠关节功能和关节软骨损伤有改善作用。

关键词: 人脐带间充质干细胞, 骨关节炎, 疼痛, 功能, 软骨损伤, 剂量, 疗效, 大鼠

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis; however, the precise dose-efficacy relationship remains to be elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of varying doses of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in treating osteoarthritis in rats, offering insights for optimal dose selection in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells therapy for osteoarthritis. 
METHODS: The osteoarthritis rats induced by monosodium iodoacetate were divided into the following groups: negative control group, hyaluronic acid control group, low-dose group (2.5×105 cells/joint), medium-dose group (8.0×105 cells/joint), and high-dose group (2.5×106 cells/joint). Normal rats without modeling were included as the conditional control group. Each group consisted of 16 rats. In the stem cell group, rats received an intra-articular injection of 25 μL of different doses of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the right hind limb knee joint cavity, followed immediately by an injection of 25 μL of 0.2% hyaluronic acid solution. In the hyaluronic acid control group, rats received an intra-articular injection of 25 μL of 0.2% hyaluronic acid solution and 25 μL of saline solution into the right hind limb knee joint cavity. In the condition control group and negative control group, rats received an intra-articular injection of 50 μL of sodium chloride solution into the right hind limb knee joint cavity. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after administration, assessments were conducted for paw pressure pain threshold, plantar pain threshold, difference in knee pressure pain threshold between left and right limbs, and spontaneous locomotor activity. At 6 and 12 weeks after administration, the right hind limb knee joints were collected for macroscopic examination of articular cartilage, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and safranin O-fast green staining, followed by grading and scoring. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At all tested time points, the negative control group exhibited lower paw withdrawal thresholds, plantar pain thresholds, and spontaneous locomotor activity ability compared with the conditional control group, while demonstrating higher differences in knee pressure pain thresholds between left and right limbs, macroscopic articular cartilage scores, and tissue damage scores, which confirmed successful establishment of the osteoarthritis rat model. (2) Compared with the negative control group, medium- and high-dose groups showed varying degrees of improvement in all these parameters. These results suggest that a single intra-articular injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ranging from 8.0×105 to 2.5×106 cells significantly increased the pain threshold and enhanced spontaneous locomotor activity in osteoarthritis rats, while also repairing pathological cartilage damage. These results indicate that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can improve joint function and alleviate cartilage damage in osteoarthritis rats. 


Key words: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, osteoarthritis, pain, function, cartilage damage, dose, efficacy, rat

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