中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (36): 9526-9537.doi: 10.12307/2026.919

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

脑出血模型大鼠脑损伤:七叶皂苷干预的作用与机制

姬令山1,秦合伟2,程率芳1,赵  晶2   

  1. 河南省中医院(河南中医药大学第二附属医院),1脑病科,2康复科,河南省郑州市  450002
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21 修回日期:2026-03-20 出版日期:2026-12-28 发布日期:2026-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 秦合伟,博士,副主任医师,硕士生导师,河南省中医院(河南中医药大学第二附属医院)康复科,河南省郑州市 450002
  • 作者简介:姬令山,男,1981年生,河南省延津县人,汉族,2011年广州中医药大学毕业,博士,副主任医师,主要从事脑血管病方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81704030),项目负责人:秦合伟;河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目资助(2021-24),项目负责人:秦合伟

Mechanism and effect of aescin intervention against brain injury in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage

Ji Lingshan1, Qin Hewei2, Cheng Shuaifang1, Zhao Jing2   

  1. 1Department of Encephalopathy, 2Department of Rehabilitation, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2026-03-20 Online:2026-12-28 Published:2026-05-23
  • Contact: Qin Hewei, PhD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Rehabilitation, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Ji Lingshan, PhD, Associate chief physician, Department of Encephalopathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81704030 (to QHW); Henan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Top-notch Talent Cultivation Project, No. 2021-24 (to QHW)

摘要:



文题释义:
七叶皂苷:是从七叶树科植物中提取的三萜皂苷类化合物,据国内外研究表明七叶皂苷具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡、促进血管和神经保护作用。 
内质网应激:是指细胞内质网中蛋白质折叠和修饰发生异常时所引发的一种细胞应激反应。当细胞面临营养匮乏、Ca²⁺调控代谢失衡、毒素刺激、持续氧化应激等应激源时,内质网功能被部分中断,导致蛋白质加工和运输受损,未折叠或错误折叠的蛋白质在内质网内积累,从而引发内质网应激。内质网应激在脑出血后神经元存活中发挥着关键作用。

背景:脑出血后内质网应激诱发的神经元凋亡是继发性脑损伤的重要原因。七叶皂苷已被证实在脑损伤模型中具有抗炎、抗氧化及抗凋亡作用,但其是否能通过调控内质网应激相关通路来发挥神经保护作用有待明确。
目的:探究七叶皂苷对脑出血大鼠脑组织损伤的影响及其可能的作用机制。
方法:将54只大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、脑出血组和脑出血+七叶皂苷组,后两组大鼠采用自体血注入法构建脑出血大鼠模型,假手术组大鼠进行相同的立体定位穿刺操作,但不注入血液。建模成功后,脑出血+七叶皂苷组给予腹腔注射七叶皂苷(10 mg/kg)干预,假手术组和脑出血组大鼠注射等量的生理盐水。通过Longa评分、旋转木马试验、前肢放置测试和转角实验评估大鼠神经功能;采用苏木精-伊红染色和脑含水量评估脑组织病理损伤和脑水肿。利用氧糖剥夺处理神经生长因子孵育的PC12细胞构建细胞损伤模型。使用衣霉素建立内质网应激细胞模型,以4-PBA内质网应激抑制剂为阳性对照;并加入IXA4(IRE1激动剂)(或CCT020312,PERK激动剂)处理。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Western blot检测内质网应激相关蛋白的表达;通过肌醇需求酶1(Inositol-requiring enzyme 1,IRE1)或蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶(Protein kinase r-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase,PERK)小干扰RNA(IRE1 siRNA或PERK siRNA)及通路激动剂干预验证通路作用机制。
结果与结论:①与假手术组相比,脑出血组大鼠Longa评分显著升高(P < 0.05),感觉运动功能显著受损,脑组织出现明显出血灶、水肿及神经元核固缩,脑含水量显著增加;七叶皂苷治疗组大鼠在术后12 h至5 d上述指标均显著改善(P < 0.05)。②七叶皂苷干预显著降低脑出血大鼠脑组织中内质网应激相关蛋白(GRP78、CHOP、p-IRE1、p-PERK等)表达量(P < 0.05)。③氧糖剥夺或内质网应激诱导剂衣霉素处理显著降低神经生长因子-PC12细胞活力、升高凋亡率(P < 0.05),并上调GRP78、CHOP及p-IRE1/IRE1、p-PERK/PERK比值(P < 0.05);而10,20 μmol/L七叶皂苷可显著逆转上述变化(P < 0.05)。④敲低IRE1/PERK与七叶皂苷干预效应一致,可抑制氧糖剥夺诱导的IRE1-XBP1、PERK-eIF2α通路激活;通路激动剂(IXA4、CCT020312)可逆转七叶皂苷的保护作用(P < 0.05)。⑤相关性分析表明,大鼠脑组织GRP78、p-IRE1、p-PERK表达与脑水肿体积、Longa评分呈正相关(P < 0.05)。上述结果提示:七叶皂苷可通过特异性阻断IRE1/PERK信号通路,缓解内质网应激,从而改善脑出血大鼠神经功能损伤及氧糖剥夺诱导的神经生长因子-PC12细胞损伤。

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9068-9118(姬令山)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 七叶皂苷, 脑出血, 凋亡, 内质网应激, 信号通路, PERK

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress following intracerebral hemorrhage is a significant cause of secondary brain injury. Aescin has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects in brain injury models. However, whether it exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathways remains to be clarified.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aescin on brain injury in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage and its potential mechanism of action.
METHODS: Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, an intracerebral hemorrhage group, and an intracerebral hemorrhage+aescin group using a random number table method. An intracerebral hemorrhage rat model was established in the latter two groups using autologous blood injection. Rats in the sham operation group underwent the same stereotaxic puncture procedure but without blood injection. After successful modeling, the intracerebral hemorrhage+aescin group received intraperitoneal injection of aescin (10 mg/kg), while the sham operation group and intracerebral hemorrhage group received an equal volume of normal saline. Neurological function of rats was assessed using Longa score, rotarod test, forelimb placing test, and corner turn test. Pathological damage of the brain and brain edema were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and brain water content measurement. A cell injury model was established in nerve growth factor-incubated PC12 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation. An endoplasmic reticulum stress cell model was established using tunicamycin, with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-PBA serving as a positive control; cells were also treated with IXA4 (IRE1 agonist) or CCT020312 (PERK agonist). Cell viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 assay, and apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins was detected by western blot. The mechanism of pathway involvement was verified using inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) or protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) small interfering RNA (IRE1 siRNA or PERK siRNA) and pathway agonists.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the sham operation group, rats in the intracerebral hemorrhage group showed significantly increased Longa scores (P < 0.05), significantly impaired sensorimotor function, obvious hemorrhagic foci, edema, and neuronal pyknosis in brain tissue, and significantly increased brain water content. In the aescin treatment group, these indicators were significantly improved from 12 hours to 5 days after surgery (P < 0.05). (2) Aescin intervention significantly reduced the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (GRP78, CHOP, p-IRE1, p-PERK, etc.) in the brain tissue of intracerebral hemorrhage rats (P < 0.05). (3) Treatment with oxygen-glucose deprivation or the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer tunicamycin significantly reduced the viability of nerve growth factor-incubated PC12 cells, increased the apoptosis rate (P < 0.05), and upregulated GRP78, CHOP, and the ratios of p-IRE1/IRE1 and p-PERK/PERK (P < 0.05). However, 10 and 20 μmol/L aescin significantly reversed these changes (P < 0.05). (4) Knockdown of IRE1/PERK produced effects consistent with aescin intervention, inhibiting the activation of the IRE1-XBP1 and PERK-eIF2α pathways induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Pathway agonists (IXA4 and CCT020312) reversed the protective effect of aescin (P < 0.05). (5) Correlation analysis showed that the expression of GRP78, p-IRE1, and p-PERK in rat brain tissue was positively correlated with brain edema volume and Longa score (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that aescin can alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress by specifically blocking the IRE1/PERK signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating neurological impairment in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury in nerve growth factor-incubated PC12 cells.

Key words: aescin, intracerebral hemorrhage, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, signaling pathway, PERK

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