中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (27): 6978-6984.doi: 10.12307/2026.836

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换屈伸过程中单半径与多半径假体的三维有限元模型受力分析

陈东旭1,黄大朝2,胡  阳1,李朝旭1   

  1. 1广西壮族自治区南溪山医院,广西壮族自治区桂林市  541000;2桂林医科大学研究生学院,广西壮族自治区桂林市  541000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-17 接受日期:2026-01-06 出版日期:2026-09-28 发布日期:2026-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 李朝旭,主任医师,广西壮族自治区南溪山医院运动医学科与关节外科,广西壮族自治区桂林市 541000
  • 作者简介:陈东旭,男,1984年生,河南省镇平县人,汉族,2012年广西医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事髋膝关节生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2023033),项目负责人:陈东旭;广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2024069),项目负责人:李朝旭;广西医疗卫生重点培育学科建设项目,项目参与人:陈东旭

Force analysis of three-dimensional finite element models for single radius and multi radius prostheses during flexion and extension in total knee arthroplasty

Chen Dongxu1, Huang Dachao2, Hu Yang1, Li Zhaoxu1   

  1. 1Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2School of Graduates, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-10-17 Accepted:2026-01-06 Online:2026-09-28 Published:2026-04-16
  • Contact: Li Zhaoxu, Chief physician, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Chen Dongxu, MS, Associate chief physician, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project, No. S2023033 (to CDX); Guangxi Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project, No. S2024069 (to LZX); Guangxi Key Medical and Health Discipline Cultivation Project (to CDX)

摘要:


文题释义:

全膝关节置换:是一种通过人工关节置换治疗严重膝骨关节病的外科手术,旨在重建膝关节功能并缓解疼痛,通过截除受损关节面并置入假体,恢复下肢力线及关节稳定性。
有限元分析:是指通过数值分析、计算的方法和技术,将较为复杂的数学模型如载荷、材料、结构和力学性能等划分为有限个简单的单元,之后进行计算分析从而得出问题的近似解。

摘要
背景:对于终末期膝骨关节炎目前临床上往往需要选择全膝关节置换来解决患者疼痛、活动受限等问题。虽然膝关节置换治疗严重骨关节炎已经取得了良好效果,但目前对于单半径假体和多半径假体的临床效果仍有争议。
目的:通过有限元分析的方法,对比全膝关节置换过程中单半径与多半径股骨假体在不同屈膝角度的受力特性,为临床选择提供依据。
方法:基于正常成人膝关节CT扫描数据,利用Mimics、Geomagic和SolidWorks建立并优化三维骨骼模型,装配单半径和多半径股骨假体,在Ansys中模拟0°-120°屈膝状态,以峰值von-Mises应力为观察指标,观察胫骨假体衬垫上的Mises应力分布和接触面积,探究全膝关节置换术后膝关节的生物力学行为变化。
结果与结论:①0°-90°范围内,随着膝关节屈膝角度的增大,单半径、多半径两种假体的胫骨衬垫接触应力均随着屈膝角度增大而增大;在90°-120°高屈曲角度时多半径假体应力逐渐下降,单半径假体稍有增加;②在屈膝0°,单半径假体后关节囊应力较多半径假体低;③在0°-90°低、中屈曲角度时接触面积随着屈膝角度加深两者均逐渐变小,单半径假体聚乙烯垫上的接触面积始终大于多半径假体;④提示单半径、多半径两种膝关节假体均能较好地满足临床需求,临床上需根据患者年龄、活动水平、功能要求选择合适的股骨假体。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全膝关节置换, 单半径假体, 多半径假体, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis, total knee arthroplasty is often necessary in clinical practice to address issues such as pain and limited mobility. Although knee replacement surgery has achieved good clinical results in treating severe osteoarthritis, there is still controversy over the clinical efficacy of single radius and multi radius prostheses.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the stress characteristics of single radius and multi radius prostheses at different flexion angles in total knee arthroplasty using finite element analysis, and provide a basis for clinical selection. 
METHODS: Based on normal adult CT data, a three-dimensional skeletal model was established and optimized using Mimics, Geomagic, and SolidWorks. Single radius and multi radius prostheses were assembled, and the 0°-120° flexion state was simulated in Ansys. The peak von Mises stress was used as the observation index to observe the Mises stress distribution and contact area on the tibial prosthesis pad, and to explore the biomechanical behavior changes of the knee joint after total knee arthroplasty.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the increase of knee flexion angle from 0° to 90°, the contact stress of the tibial pad of both SR and MR prostheses increased with the increase of knee flexion angle. At high flexion angles of 90°to 120°, the stress of the multi radius prosthesis gradually decreased, while the stress of the single radius prosthesis slightly increased. (2) At 0° flexion, the joint capsule stress after single radius prosthesis was lower than that of multi radius prosthesis. (3) The contact area at low and medium flexion angles between 0° and 90° gradually decreased with increasing flexion angle, and the contact area on a single radius polyethylene pad was always greater than that on a multi radius polyethylene pad. (4) These findings indicate that both single radius and multi radius knee joint prostheses can meet clinical needs well. In clinical practice, the appropriate prosthesis should be selected according to the patient's age, activity level, and functional requirements. 

Key words: total knee arthroplasty, single radius, multi radius, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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