中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6390-6399.doi: 10.12307/2026.199

• 组织工程相关大数据分析 Big data analysis in tissue engineering • 上一篇    下一篇

瘢痕疙瘩发病与成纤维细胞异质性基因相关:基于GEO数据库单细胞转录组分析

郭  涛1,刘昱昕2,闫美荣1,王晓妮1   

  1. 宁夏医科大学总医院,1烧伤整形美容科,2皮肤科,宁夏回族自治区银川市   750001
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-22 修回日期:2025-09-16 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-02-05
  • 通讯作者: 王晓妮,副主任医师,宁夏医科大学总医院烧伤整形美容科,宁夏回族自治区银川市 750001
  • 作者简介:郭涛,男,1986年生,陕西省定边县人,主治医师,主要从事烧伤整容修复、瘢痕疙瘩发病机制的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03609),项目负责人:闫美荣

Keloid pathogenesis is correlated with fibroblast heterogeneity genes: single-cell transcriptomic analysis based on GEO database

Guo Tao1, Liu Yuxin2, Yan Meirong1, Wang Xiaoni1   

  1. 1Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 2Department of Dermatology, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China 
  • Received:2025-07-22 Revised:2025-09-16 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-02-05
  • Contact: Wang Xiaoni, Associate chief physician, Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Guo Tao, Attending physician, Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Ningxia Natural Science Foundation, No. 2023AAC03609 (to YMR)

摘要:



文题释义:
单细胞转录组:是指在单个细胞水平上对其全部mRNA转录产物进行高通量测序和表达定量的一种技术。相比传统的群体RNA测序,该方法可揭示细胞间在基因表达层面的异质性,识别罕见细胞类型、转录动态及分化轨迹。单细胞转录组输出包括每个细胞的基因表达矩阵、细胞聚类信息和拟时序等,可以用于构建组织或病灶的细胞生态图谱。
诊断标志物:是指可用于区分疾病状态与正常状态,或不同疾病亚型之间的生物分子指标,通常包括特异基因、蛋白、代谢物等。常使用受试者工作特征曲线和曲线下面积评价其诊断价值,曲线下面积越接近1,诊断性能越好。

背景:瘢痕疙瘩是一种由成纤维细胞异常活化和免疫调控失衡共同驱动的慢性皮肤纤维化疾病,其分子机制仍未完全阐明。随着单细胞转录组技术的发展,利用公开数据库进行系统生物信息学分析,有助于识别新的诊断标志物与治疗靶点。
目的:探讨瘢痕疙瘩发病机制中与成纤维细胞异质性及免疫调控相关的关键标志物。
方法:从GEO公共数据库获取瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的单细胞转录组数据集GSE181297、GSE14572进行系统生物信息学分析。首先对细胞亚群进行注释,并分析各细胞类型的频率变化,结合拟时序分析推测不同细胞的分化轨迹。基于转录组数据,构建加权基因共表达网络并筛选差异表达基因,进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)功能富集分析,明确其参与的关键生物过程和信号通路。利用蛋白质互作网络识别候选核心基因,进一步联合3种机器学习算法筛选潜在关键标志物,并通过受试者工作特征曲线评估其诊断效能。同时,评估核心基因在免疫细胞中的表达模式及相关性。
结果与结论:①单细胞转录组分析揭示瘢痕疙瘩组织中内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、平滑肌细胞、T细胞、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞及淋巴管内皮细胞的比例显著升高,其中成纤维细胞为主要细胞类型;②拟时序分析显示成纤维细胞主要分布于状态1、状态2及状态3,处于分化起始阶段,具有较高的发育潜力;③通过差异分析共获得80个与成纤维细胞相关的差异表达基因,主要富集于区域化、骨骼系统形态发生及胚胎骨骼发育等通路;④整合蛋白质互作网络与多种机器学习模型,最终筛选出HOXC4作为关键标志物;受试者工作特征曲线分析表明HOXC4具有良好的诊断性能,且在瘢痕疙瘩患者组织中高表达;⑤相关性分析显示HOXC4与静息自然杀伤细胞呈显著正相关,而与活化树突状细胞和活化自然杀伤细胞呈显著负相关。此研究系统性地揭示了瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的异质性特征及其与免疫微环境的关联,HOXC4被确定为与成纤维细胞功能状态及免疫调控相关的关键标志物,为瘢痕疙瘩的早期诊断和靶向治疗提供了潜在的新靶点。
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8251-4117 (郭涛) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 瘢痕疙瘩, 单细胞转录组, 成纤维细胞, HOXC4, 诊断标志物, 免疫调控

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Keloid is a chronic fibrotic skin disorder driven by abnormal fibroblast activation and dysregulated immune responses. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. With the advancement of single-cell transcriptomic technologies, integrating public databases with systematic bioinformatics analyses offers new opportunities to identify diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. 
OBJECTIVE: To identify key biomarkers associated with fibroblast heterogeneity and immune cell interactions in the pathogenesis of keloids. 
METHODS: Single-cell transcriptomic dataset GSE181297 and bulk transcriptomic dataset GSE14572 were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database. Cell subtypes were annotated and analyzed for changes in cellular composition. Pseudotime analysis was applied to infer differentiation trajectories of various cell populations. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential gene expression analysis were conducted to identify fibroblast-related differentially expressed genes. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, were used to determine the involved biological processes and pathways. Protein-protein interaction network analysis, combined with three machine learning algorithms, was employed to identify hub genes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the diagnostic value of the candidate biomarkers. The expression patterns and correlation of hub genes in immune cells were also assessed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed a significantly increased proportion of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, T cells, mast cells, macrophages, and lymphatic endothelial cells in keloid tissue, with fibroblasts being the most abundant. (2) Pseudotime analysis showed that fibroblasts were primarily located in states 1, 2, and 3, indicating an early and highly plastic differentiation stage with a significant growth potential. (3) A total of 80 fibroblast-related differentially expressed genes were identified, mainly enriched in regionalization, skeletal system morphogenesis, and embryonic skeletal development pathways. (4) Integrating protein-protein interaction network analysis and machine learning approaches, HOXC4 was identified as a key biomarker. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that HOXC4 had strong diagnostic performance and was highly expressed in keloid samples. (5) Immune correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between HOXC4 and resting natural killer cells, and a significant negative correlation with activated dendritic cells and activated natural killer cells. This study systematically characterizes fibroblast heterogeneity and immune microenvironment interactions in keloid pathogenesis at the single-cell level. HOXC4 has been identified as a potential diagnostic biomarker associated with fibroblast function and immune regulation, providing new insights for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of keloids. 

Key words: keloid, single-cell transcriptomic sequencing, fibroblast, HOXC4, diagnostic biomarker, immunoregulation

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