中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6354-6364.doi: 10.12307/2026.234

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

中国传统运动干预老年肌少症及其合并症:改善肌肉力量、质量及身体功能的Meta分析

褚  瑞1,李明明1,谢叶寿1,倪  涛2,杜依诺1   

  1. 1安徽工程大学体育学院,安徽省芜湖市   241000;2常州大学体育学院,江苏省常州市   213000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-04 修回日期:2025-10-19 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-02-04
  • 通讯作者: 谢叶寿,博士,教授,硕士生导师,安徽工程大学体育学院,安徽省芜湖市 241000
  • 作者简介:褚瑞,男,2000年生,山东省枣庄市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动促进健康方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目(AHSKY2023D076),课题名称:县区级政府推动全民健身与全民健康深度融合研究,项目负责人:谢叶寿

Traditional Chinese sports intervene in sarcopenia and its complications in the elderly: a meta-analysis on improving muscle strength, mass, and physical function

Chu Rui1, Li Mingming1, Xie Yeshou1, Ni Tao2, Du Yinuo1   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China; 2Physical Education College of Changzhou University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-04 Revised:2025-10-19 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-02-04
  • Contact: Xie Yeshou, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Chu Rui, MS, School of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:

    Anhui Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project, No. AHSKY2023D076 (to XYS)

摘要:


文题释义:
肌少症及其合并症:为肌少症、肌少症性肥胖、肌少骨质疏松症、肌少骨量减少以及骨肌少症性肥胖的统称,以肌肉功能减退、骨密度降低及脂肪异常蓄积为主要特征,并且存在共同的病理机制与治疗靶点。
中国传统运动:指植根于中国传统哲学与医学理论(如经络学说、阴阳五行、导引养生学说等)的身体练习体系,主要涵盖太极拳、八段锦、易筋经、五禽戏等具体形式。中国传统运动的核心特征体现为身心协同,动作柔和舒缓,注重意念与呼吸的协调配合,属于中低强度的有氧运动范畴。

目的:肌少症及其合并症引发的肌肉功能减退、身体功能衰退等问题增加了老年人不良健康结局的风险,而目前针对中国传统运动干预该类疾病的系统证据尚显不足。因此,此次研究采用Meta分析方法系统评价中国传统运动对肌少症及其合并症的干预效果。
方法:遵循PRISMA指南,系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CNKI、万方数据库,选择中国传统运动干预肌少症及其合并症的随机对照试验,试验组采用易筋经、太极拳、八段锦等中国传统运动中的一项或多项进行干预,对照组进行健康教育、常规护理或远程太极拳指导,结局指标包括握力、膝关节肌肉力量、四肢骨骼肌质量指数、坐立测试、步速、站立-行走计时测试与简易体能状况表。采用Revman 5.4和Stata 15.1软件进行Meta分析,通过亚组分析明确中国传统运动干预老年肌少症及其合并症效果的最佳方案参数。
结果:共纳入21项研究(n=1 313)。Meta分析结果显示,中国传统运动可有效改善患者的握力(MD=1.83,95%CI:1.65,2.01,P < 0.000 01)、
膝关节肌肉力量(MD=5.98,95%CI:3.85,8.11,P < 0.000 01)、四肢骨骼肌质量指数(MD=0.22,95%CI:0.10,0.34,P=0.000 4)、步速(MD=0.12,95%CI:0.09,0.16,P < 0.000 01)、坐立测试成绩(MD=1.92,95%CI:1.41,2.43,P < 0.000 01)、站立-行走计时测试成绩(SMD=
-1.00,95%CI:-1.25,-0.74,P < 0.000 01)以及简易体能状况成绩(MD=1.12,95%CI:0.77,1.46,P < 0.000 01)。亚组分析结果显示,在提升此类患者握力方面,易筋经(干预> 12周、每周干预> 3次、单次运动≤30 min)的效果最佳;在改善患者四肢骨骼肌质量指数方面,八段锦(干预12周、每周干预≤3次、单次运动> 30 min)的效果最优;太极拳(干预> 12周、每周干预> 3次、单次运动≤30 min)或八段锦(干预周期12周、每周干预3次、单次运动> 30 min)均能显著提升患者步速;在改善患者坐立测试成绩方面,易筋经(干预8周、每周干预5次、单次运动≤40 min)的效果最佳;八段锦(干预> 12周、每周干预≤3次、单次运动> 30 min且≤40 min)对站立-行走测试成绩的改善最显著。
结论:中国传统运动可有效改善老年肌少症及其合并症患者的握力、膝关节肌肉力量、四肢骨骼肌质量及身体功能,并且不同干预参数条件下具有特异性效应,建议临床根据目标结局制定个性化运动处方。
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0770-4447 (褚瑞) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 肌少症, 合并症, 老年人, 运动, 中国传统运动, Meta分析, 系统综述

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Muscle function decline and physical impairment caused by sarcopenia and its complications increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in the elderly. However, systematic evidence on the efficacy of traditional Chinese sport interventions for these conditions remains insufficient. Therefore, this study employs meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese sports in treating sarcopenia and its complications.
METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases to choose randomized controlled trials evaluating traditional Chinese sport interventions for sarcopenia and its complications. Experimental group received one or more traditional Chinese sports, such as Yi Jin Jing, Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, etc., while control groups received health education, routine care, or remote Tai Chi guidance. Outcomes included grip strength, knee muscle strength, appendicular skeletal muscle index, sit-to-stand test, walking speed, timed up and go test, and the short physical performance battery. Meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.4 and Stata 15.1 software. Subgroup analysis was used to identify optimal protocol parameters for traditional Chinese sports in managing sarcopenia and its complications in the elderly.
RESULTS: Twenty-one studies (n = 1 313) were included. Meta-analysis revealed that traditional Chinese sports significantly improved grip strength (mean difference = 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.65, 2.01, P < 0.000 01), knee muscle strength (mean difference = 5.98, 95% confidence interval: 3.85, 8.11, P < 
0.000 01), appendicular skeletal muscle index (mean difference = 0.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.34, P = 0.000 4), walking speed (mean difference = 0.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.09, 0.16, P < 0.000 01), sit-to-stand test performance (mean difference = 1.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.41, 2.43, P < 0.000 01), timed up and go test score (standard mean difference = -1.00, 95% confidence interval: -1.25,  -0.74, P < 0.000 01), and short physical performance battery score (mean difference = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.77, 1.46, P < 0.000 01). Subgroup analysis revealed that Yi Jin Jing (intervention > 12 weeks, > 3 sessions per week, ≤ 30 minutes per session) was most effective for enhancing grip strength in these patients. Ba Duan Jin (12-week intervention, ≤ 3 sessions per week, > 30 minutes per session) demonstrated optimal efficacy for improving appendicular skeletal muscle index. Tai Chi (intervention > 12 weeks, > 3 sessions per week, ≤ 30 minutes per session) or Ba Duan Jin (12-week intervention, 3 sessions per week, > 30 minutes per session) significantly improved walking speed. Yi Jin Jing (8-week intervention, 5 sessions per week, ≤ 40 minutes per session) yielded the best results for sit-to-stand test performance. Ba Duan Jin (intervention > 12 weeks, ≤ 3 sessions per week, single session duration > 30 minutes and ≤ 40 minutes) showed the most pronounced improvement in timed up and go test score.
CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese sports effectively improve grip strength, knee muscle strength, appendicular skeletal muscle index, and physical function in elderly patients with sarcopenia and its complications. They exhibit specific effects under different intervention parameters. It is recommended that individualized sports prescriptions be formulated in clinical practice according to the target outcomes.

Key words:

sarcopenia, complications, elderly, sport, traditional Chinese sports, meta-analysis, systematic review

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