中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (23): 5972-5981.doi: 10.12307/2026.347

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

糖萼:运动与疾病的新关联

马震南,王印凤,要俪娟,陈乐琴   

  1. 山西师范大学,山西省太原市   030031

  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19 接受日期:2025-08-05 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2025-12-31
  • 通讯作者: 陈乐琴,博士,教授,山西师范大学,山西省太原市 030031
  • 作者简介:马震南,男,2002年生,山西省太原市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事运动人体科学研究。

Glycocalyx: the new link between exercise and disease

Ma Zhennan, Wang Yinfeng, Yao Lijuan, Chen Leqin   

  1. Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-05-19 Accepted:2025-08-05 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2025-12-31
  • Contact: Chen Leqin, PhD, Professor, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Ma Zhennan, MS, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:
糖萼:是一种突出于细胞表面的多糖结构,主要由糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖组成,这些成分介导细胞间通讯、维持细胞表面静电电荷特性、调节离子缓冲作用、控制物质通透性以及实现机械感觉-机械转导功能。
蛋白聚糖:是构成糖萼的关键组成成分,参与细胞之间的迁移与黏附,抵御外源性有害因子的损害。运动可保护内皮糖萼结构的完整性,运动导致糖萼损伤标志物(多配体聚糖1和硫酸乙酰肝素)浓度降低,蛋白聚糖异常表达与肿瘤转移、动脉粥样硬化等疾病密切相关。

背景:糖萼具有选择性渗透屏障功能,能够选择性控制物质交换,确保血管内外的液体平衡,参与炎症反应、血栓形成及微循环障碍等病理过程,与动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、癌症等疾病存在显著关联。
目的:梳理糖萼和运动、疾病之间的关联。
方法:检索MedReading、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普数据库中有关运动影响糖萼对疾病的研究,中文检索词为“糖萼,运动,疾病”,英文检索词为“glycocalyx,physical exercise,exercises,physical activity,acute exercise,isometric exercises,aerobic exercise,resistance training,exercise trainings,disease,diseases”,最终纳入81篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:糖萼作为血管内皮的生物屏障,在调控血管通透平衡、介导炎症反应、血液剪切应力传感器、抗凝等方面起着关键作用。糖萼的完整状态对机体维持正常血液循环的稳定以及保障各脏器的生理功能起着不可或缺的关键作用。糖萼脱落可诱导内皮屏障结构改变,导致内皮通透性异常增加,加速动脉粥样硬化病理进程。研究证实,癌细胞表面糖萼的广泛增厚及损伤脱落产物促进了肿瘤增殖、转移扩散及疾病恶化。对于创伤性疾病,可用糖萼损伤脱落物水平评估其严重程度。糖萼受运动持续时间、运动方式变化、运动强度大小等因素的影响,急性运动可以诱导微血管变化和增加糖萼厚度,有氧运动中糖萼元素对脱落的敏感性因性别、年龄和体质量指数而异,抗阻运动对内皮糖萼的急性影响具有积极作用,长期运动训练可以起到保护糖萼的作用。糖萼作为动脉粥样硬化、脓毒症、癌症等疾病的干预靶点,为开发非药物性治疗策略提供了理论支持,但糖萼损伤标志物的临床应用尚未标准化,糖萼、运动、疾病之间的作用机制仍需进一步探究。

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8662-1109 (马震南)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 糖萼, 运动, 疾病, 健康, 作用机制, 治疗靶点, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The glycocalyx serves as a selective permeability barrier that enables the controlled exchange of substances and maintains fluid balance between within and outside the blood vessels. It is also involved in various pathological processes, including inflammation, thrombus formation, and microcirculation disorders, and is significantly associated with the development and progression of diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. 
OBJECTIVE: To correlate glycocalyx with exercise and disease. 
METHODS: A literature search was conducted across international databases (MedReading, PubMed, and Web of Science) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) to identify academic articles. The search terms used were “glycocalyx, physical exercise, disease” in Chinese and “glycocalyx, physical exercise, exercises, physical activity, acute exercise, isometric exercises, aerobic exercise, resistance training, exercise training, disease, diseases” in English. A total of 81 publications were included in the final analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a biological barrier of the vascular endothelium, the glycocalyx plays a key role in regulating vascular permeability, mediating inflammatory responses, sensing blood shear stress, and facilitating anticoagulation. The integrity of the glycocalyx is essential for maintaining stable normal blood circulation and ensuring the physiological functions of various organs in the body. Shedding of the glycocalyx can induce structural changes in the endothelial barrier, leading to an abnormal increase in endothelial permeability and accelerating the pathological processes associated with atherosclerosis. Research has confirmed that the extensive thickening and shedding of the glycocalyx on the surface of cancer cells promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, and disease progression. In traumatic diseases, the severity can be assessed by measuring the levels of debris resulting from glycocalyx injury. The glycocalyx is influenced by factors such as the duration of exercise, changes in exercise mode, and exercise intensity. Acute exercise can induce microvascular changes and increase glycocalyx thickness. The sensitivity of glycocalyx components to shedding during aerobic exercise varies by sex, age, and body mass index. Resistance exercise has a positive effect on the acute response of the endothelial glycocalyx, while long-term exercise training can provide protective benefits. As a potential intervention target for atherosclerosis, sepsis, and cancer, the glycocalyx offers theoretical support for the development of non-drug treatment strategies. However, the clinical application of glycocalyx injury markers has not yet been standardized, and the mechanisms linking glycocalyx, exercise, and disease still require further exploration. 

Key words: glycocalyx, exercise, disease, health, action mechanisms, therapeutic targets, review

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