中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (23): 5925-5933.doi: 10.12307/2026.787

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

转录组学和蛋白质组学技术在椎间盘退行性变研究中的应用与进展

周天乐1,王  威2,3,张志文2,刘曦明3   

  1. 1湖北中医药大学针灸骨伤学院,湖北省武汉市  430060;2湖北省中医院骨伤诊疗中心,湖北中医药大学附属医院,湖北省武汉市  430060;3中国人民解放军中部战区总医院骨科,湖北省武汉市  430070

  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 接受日期:2025-11-20 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2025-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 王威,医学博士,博士后,副主任医师,硕士研究生导师,湖北省中医院骨伤诊疗中心,湖北中医药大学附属医院,湖北省武汉市 430060;中国人民解放军中部战区总医院骨科,湖北省武汉市 430070
  • 作者简介:周天乐,男,2000年生,在读硕士,主要从事中医药防治脊柱疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省中医药管理局2023-2024年度中医药科研项目(ZY2023F006),项目负责人:王威;湖北省中医药管理局2023-2024年度中医药青年人才项目(ZY2023Q005),项目参与人:张志文

Application and progress of transcriptomics and proteomics techniques in the study of intervertebral disc degeneration

Zhou Tianle1, Wang Wei2, 3, Zhang Zhiwen2, Liu Ximing3    

  1. 1College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Accepted:2025-11-20 Online:2026-08-18 Published:2025-12-30
  • Contact: Wang Wei, MD, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Tianle, MS candidate, College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    2023-2024 Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. ZY2023F006 (to WW); 2023-2024 Traditional Chinese Medicine Youth Talent Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. ZY2023Q005 (to ZZW)

摘要:


文题释义:
转录组学:是研究特定细胞或组织在特定条件下所有核糖核酸转录产物的学科。通过高通量核糖核酸测序分析椎间盘退行性变中基因表达变化,揭示调控网络和疾病机制,为生物标志物开发和精准治疗提供分子依据。
蛋白质组学:是研究生物样本中全部蛋白质表达与功能的学科。利用质谱技术分析椎间盘退行性变中蛋白质变化,揭示基质重塑和免疫反应的作用,为疾病机制解析和治疗靶点筛选提供功能性视角。

背景:椎间盘退行性变是一种以髓核细胞凋亡加速及细胞外基质分解为主要特征的慢性脊柱疾患,通常会导致腰背疼痛以及脊柱功能障碍,其分子机制尚不完全清楚,阻碍了精准治疗策略的发展。转录组学技术可以深入分析基因表达模式,蛋白质组学技术可以识别蛋白功能动态,两者联合应用,为阐明椎间盘退行性变的病理机制提供了重要手段。
目的:综述转录组学和蛋白质组学技术在椎间盘退行性变中的研究进展,探讨这两种组学技术在解析分子机制,筛选诊断标志物及探索治疗靶点中的关键作用。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、Sinomed数据库中1995年1月至2025年4月发表的相关文献,中文检索词为“转录组学,核糖核酸测序,蛋白质组学,椎间盘退行性变,髓核,纤维环,软骨终板”,英文检索词为“transcriptomics,ribonucleic acid sequencing,proteomics,intervertebral disc degeneration,nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus,cartilage endplate”。排除重复性文献和非相关文献,共筛选24篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:转录组学研究阐明了椎间盘退行性变中基因表达的动态演变,揭示了涉及细胞凋亡、炎症反应及基质分解的关键调控网络。蛋白质组学深入解析了髓核与纤维环中蛋白质组成的动态变化,强调基质金属蛋白酶及细胞因子在基质降解中的关键功能。两者结合为椎间盘退行性变的分子机制提供了多维度视角,增强了机制研究的深度。综合分析表明,转录组学与蛋白质组学的协同应用在揭示椎间盘退行性变分子机制及潜在治疗靶点方面展现出显著潜力。

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2699-3165(周天乐);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5298-3032(王威)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 椎间盘退行性变, 转录组学, 蛋白质组学, 椎间盘, 髓核, 纤维环

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a chronic spinal disease characterized by accelerated apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and decomposition of the extracellular matrix, which often leads to low back pain and spinal dysfunction. The molecular mechanism has not been fully understood, hindering the development of precision treatment strategies. Transcriptomics technology can be used to deeply analyze gene expression patterns, and proteomics technology can be used to identify protein function dynamics. The combined application of these two technologies provides an important means to elucidate the pathological mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of transcriptomics and proteomics technologies in intervertebral disc degeneration, and discuss the key roles of these two omics technologies in analyzing molecular mechanisms, screening diagnostic markers, and exploring therapeutic targets.
METHODS: A computerized search of relevant literature published from January 1995 to April 2025 in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and SinoMed databases was performed using the search terms “transcriptomics, ribonucleic acid sequencing, proteomics, intervertebral disc degeneration, nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, cartilage endplate” in English and Chinese. A total of 24 articles were ultimately selected for relevant analysis after excluding duplicate and irrelevant literature.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Transcriptome studies have elucidated the dynamic evolution of gene expression in intervertebral disc degeneration, and revealed key regulatory networks involving apoptosis, inflammation, and matrix breakdown. Proteomics analysis provided insights into the dynamic changes of protein composition in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, highlighting the key roles of matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines in matrix degradation. The combination of the two provides a multi-dimensional perspective on the molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration and enhances the depth of mechanism research. The comprehensive analysis revealed that the synergistic application of transcriptomics and proteomics has significant potential in revealing the molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Key words: intervertebral disc degeneration, transcriptomics, proteomics, intervertebral disc, nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus

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