中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (14): 3726-3735.doi: 10.12307/2025.590

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

牙釉质脱矿与再矿化在正畸治疗中的作用

马欣雨,李梦莹,李  煌,韩  磊   

  1. 南京大学医学院附属口腔医院·南京市口腔医院口腔正畸科,南京大学口腔医学研究所,江苏省南京市   210008
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-20 接受日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2025-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 韩磊,博士,副主任医师,南京大学医学院附属口腔医院·南京市口腔医院口腔正畸科,南京大学口腔医学研究所,江苏省南京市 210008
  • 作者简介:马欣雨,女,2000年生,南京大学医学院在读硕士研究生,主要从事正畸治疗中新型牙釉质再矿化制剂的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    南京市医学科技发展资金资助项目(ZKX23055),项目负责人:韩磊;2024年拉萨市科技计划项目(LSKJ202434),项目负责人:韩磊;2024年度药品监管科学科研计划项目(江苏省202430),项目负责人:韩磊;南京市口腔医院高水平医院建设科研项目(0224C046),项目负责人:韩磊

Role of enamel demineralization and remineralization in orthodontic treatment

Ma Xinyu, Li Mengying, Li Huang, Han Lei   

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital · Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Stomatology of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-02-20 Accepted:2025-04-17 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2025-09-15
  • Contact: Han Lei, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital · Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Stomatology of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Ma Xinyu, Master candidate, Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital · Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Stomatology of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Fund Project, No. ZKX23055 (to HL); Lhasa Key Science and Technology Project (Jiangsu Aid Tibet), No. LSKJ202434 (to HL); 2024 Annual Research Program for Regulatory Science in Pharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Province No. 202430 (to HL); High-Level Hospital Construction Project of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, No. 0224C046 (to HL)

摘要:

文题释义:
正畸治疗中的牙釉质脱矿:某些错牙合畸形患者由于不良饮食习惯与忽视口腔卫生维护等因素的综合作用,在正畸治疗中或拆除矫治器后,牙齿的唇(颊)面上出现形态不规则的白垩色斑,即牙釉质脱矿,病理表现与牙釉质早期邻面龋类似。
牙釉质再矿化:外源性人工合成的再矿化制剂的钙、磷及其他矿物离子沉积于部分脱矿的牙釉质表面或内部的过程,这些矿物离子可来自内源性唾液或牙体硬组织早期脱矿溶解过程,亦可为外源性因素与内源性因素二者的结合。牙釉质再矿化的临床表现为白垩色病损边缘变模糊,颜色变浅,但正畸治疗结束后自然状态下脱矿釉质表面的再矿化进程相当漫长,白垩色斑不会在短期内消失。

背景:牙釉质脱矿是正畸过程中的常见并发症,多由患者的不良饮食习惯与佩戴矫治器过程中忽视口腔卫生维护而引起,通常表现为牙釉质表面出现不规则、不透明的白垩色病损。
目的:通过查阅文献分析正畸治疗中牙釉质脱矿的形成原因,汇总目前临床上针对正畸治疗中牙釉质脱矿的研究现状以及再矿化方法的研究进展。
方法:检索PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库中有关正畸治疗中牙釉质脱矿与再矿化的文献,中文检索词为“正畸,牙釉质,脱矿,再矿化,白垩色斑,牙釉质早期龋,临床应用”等,英文检索词为“Orthodontics,Enamel,Demineralization,Remineralization,White spot lesions,Early enamel caries lesions,Clinical applications”等,最终纳入89篇文献。 
结果与结论:正畸过程中牙釉质脱矿会给矫治过程和最终疗效带来美观和功能方面的负面影响。目前临床上再矿化制剂的使用有助于抑制这一不利过程并促进牙釉质表面钙磷离子再沉积。常用实验室手段有助于监测牙釉质脱矿及再矿化程度,而更长期的疗效需要进一步临床随访进行证实。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-6941 (韩磊) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 口腔, 正畸, 牙釉质, 脱矿, 再矿化, 白垩斑, 氟化物, 酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙复合物, 羟基磷灰石

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Enamel demineralization, as one of the common syndromes during orthodontic treatment, is mostly caused by patients’ poor dietary habits and neglect of oral hygiene while wearing appliances. It usually manifests as shapeless, opaque, chalky lesions on enamel surface (white spot lesions).
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes of enamel demineralization, as well as current clinical research status and progress of remineralization methods for enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment by reviewing the literature. 
METHODS: We searched articles about enamel demineralization and remineralization in PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases with the keywords including “orthodontics, enamel, demineralization, remineralization, white spot lesions, early enamel caries lesions, clinical applications” in Chinese and English. Finally, 89 articles were included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment usually has a negative impact of aesthetics and function on the process and outcome. Though the use of remineralizing agents inhibits unfavorable effects and promotes the redeposition of calcium and phosphate ions on the enamel surface. Common commonly used laboratory methods can monitor the degree of enamel demineralization and remineralization, while longer-term efficacy still needs to be confirmed by further clinical follow-ups.

Key words: stomatology, orthodontics, enamel, demineralization, remineralization, white spot lesions, fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex, hydroxyapatite

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