中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 997-1007.doi: 10.12307/2026.019

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

运动对肌少症及其合并症老年人影响的Meta分析

孙嘉禾，史冀鹏，朱天瑞，权赫龙，徐红旗   

  1. 东北师范大学，体育学院，吉林省长春市   130024

  • 收稿日期:2024-12-05 接受日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2026-02-08 发布日期:2025-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 徐红旗，博士，教授，博士生导师，东北师范大学，体育学院，东北师范大学运动能力测评与提升研究中心，吉林省长春市 130024
  • 作者简介:孙嘉禾，女，2000年生，吉林省四平市人，硕士，主要从事运动与健康促进方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(22BTY075)，课题名称：运动防治老年活动障碍综合征理论向实践转化的智慧化方案研究，项目负责人：徐红旗

Effect of exercise intervention in elderly individuals with sarcopenia and its comorbidities: a meta-analysis

Sun Jiahe, Shi Jipeng, Zhu Tianrui, Quan Helong, Xu Hongqi   

  1. School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2024-12-05 Accepted:2025-02-20 Online:2026-02-08 Published:2025-05-22
  • Contact: Xu Hongqi, PhD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
  • About author:Sun Jiahe, Master, School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Social Science Foundation, No. 22BTY075 (to XHQ)

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摘要：


文题释义：
肌少症及其合并症：是肌少症、肌少症性肥胖、肌少骨质疏松症、肌少骨量减少以及骨少肌少症性肥胖症的统称。近年来，肌少症的潜在机制及其对健康的影响研究取得重要进展，尤其是在骨代谢异常和肥胖相关变化方面。研究表明，这一综合征以肌肉减少、骨质疏松和脂肪异常积累为主要特征，具有共同的病理机制和治疗靶点。受免疫功能衰退、衰老进程及脂肪浸润等因素影响，肌少症及其合并症的患病率预计将进一步上升，并显著增加老年人虚弱、住院、跌倒和骨折的风险，对健康和生活质量构成严重威胁。
运动：指通过骨骼肌主动收缩产生的身体活动，具有增强肌肉力量、改善代谢功能和维持身体功能的作用。规律的运动锻炼是预防慢性病和功能障碍的关键方法之一，尤其对老年人群体至关重要。定期进行适度的运动锻炼不仅有助于保持身体的协调性和灵活性，还能增强心血管健康、提高免疫力和改善精神状态。

目的：大量证据表明，定期运动能改善老年人的健康状态，包括降低全身和腹部脂肪水平，增加四肢肌肉质量和骨密度，从而预防或延缓肌少症及其合并症的发生。此次研究通过Meta分析确定最可靠的运动干预类型、时间和强度，以预防、延缓及减轻老年人的肌少症及其合并症。
方法：在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library以及中国知网和万方数据库中，搜索关于运动干预对肌少症及其合并症老年人影响的随机对照试验。使用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具对研究质量进行评估，并利用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。通过亚组分析探讨不同运动干预方案对结局指标的影响。此外，采用Stata 16.0软件进行敏感性分析，评估结果的稳定性，并通过漏斗图和Egger检验进行发表偏倚分析，以确保结果的全面性和可靠性。
结果：①纳入16项研究，包括861例肌少症及其合并症患者；②Meta分析结果表明，与对照组相比，运动干预能显著改善多个指标，包括握力、膝关节肌肉力量、四肢骨骼肌质量、骨骼肌指数、起立-行走计时测试结果、步速、胰岛素样生长因子1水平(P < 0.05)；然而，运动干预对坐立测试结果未能显著改善(P > 0.05)；③根据亚组分析结果，建议肌少症及其合并症的老年患者每周进行至少3次运动，每次运动时间不超过30 min，或每次运动时间45 min以上，干预周期为至少12周；运动方案应根据患者的健康状况和个人需求进行灵活调整。
结论：运动干预能够显著改善肌少症及其合并症患者的肌肉质量、肌肉力量、身体功能和胰岛素样生长因子1水平，提升其生活质量。但是需要更多的研究进一步验证这些发现，并优化具体的干预方案。
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1809-9669 (孙嘉禾) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 老年人, 肌少症及其合并症, 运动, 随机对照试验, 肌肉质量, 肌肉力量, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: A great deal of evidence indicates that regular exercise can improve the health status of elderly individuals, including reducing overall and abdominal fat levels, increasing muscle mass and bone mineral density of the limbs, thereby preventing or delaying the onset of sarcopenia and its comorbidities. This study aims to determine the most reliable type, duration, and intensity of exercise interventions through meta-analysis to prevent, delay, and alleviate sarcopenia and its comorbidities in elderly individuals.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise interventions on elderly individuals with sarcopenia and its comorbidities were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WanFang databases. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and RevMan 5.3 software was employed for meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the effects of different exercise intervention protocols on various outcome measures. In addition, Stata 16.0 software was used to perform sensitivity analysis to assess the stability of the results, and funnel plots and Egger’s test were employed to evaluate publication bias, ensuring the comprehensiveness and reliability of the results.
RESULTS: (1) Sixteen studies involving 861 patients with sarcopenia and its comorbidities were included. (2) The meta-analysis results indicated that, compared with the control group, exercise significantly improved grip strength, knee muscle strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, Timed Up and Go test results, gait speed, and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels (P < 0.05). However, the effect of exercise intervention on the sit-to-stand test was not significantly improved (P > 0.05). (3) Based on the results of subgroup analysis, it is recommended that elderly patients with sarcopenia and its comorbidities engage in exercise at least three times per week, with each session lasting no more than 30 minutes or exceeding 45 minutes, for at least 12 weeks. The exercise protocol should be flexibly adjusted according to the patient’s health status and individual needs.
CONCLUSION: Exercise interventions significantly improve muscle mass, muscle strength, physical function, and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in elderly individuals with sarcopenia and its comorbidities, thereby enhancing their quality of life. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize specific intervention protocols.

Key words: elderly, sarcopenia and comorbidities, exercise, randomized controlled trial, muscle mass, muscle strength, meta-analysis

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