中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 7173-7180.doi: 10.12307/2025.858

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

一期后路半椎体切除、椎弓根钉棒固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸:矫正效果2年随访

杨万忠1,2,马  荣1,2,郭  伟2,王志强2,杨  伟2,陈  振1,王泽民2,张弘来2,戈朝晖1   

  1. 1宁夏医科大学第一临床医学院,宁夏回族自治区银川市   750001;2宁夏医科大学,宁夏回族自治区银川市   750004
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31 接受日期:2024-10-23 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 戈朝晖,教授,博士生导师,宁夏医科大学第一临床医学院,宁夏回族自治区银川市 750001
  • 作者简介:杨万忠,男,1997年生,在读博士,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。 马荣,在读博士,主要从事脊柱退变性疾病方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2023宁夏重点研发计划项目(2023BEG02017),项目负责人:戈朝晖;2021宁夏重点研发计划项目(2022BEG03087),项目负责人:马荣;宁夏医科大学总医院医工专项项目(NYZYYG-005),项目负责人:戈朝晖

One-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and pedicle screw fixation in treatment of congenital scoliosis: a 2-year follow-up of correction effect

Yang Wanzhong1, 2, Ma Rong1, 2, Guo Wei2, Wang Zhiqiang2, Yang Wei2, Chen Zhen1, Wang Zemin2, Zhang Honglai2, Ge Zhaohui1   

  1. 1First Clinical Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China; 2Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-07-31 Accepted:2024-10-23 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-04-12
  • Contact: Ge Zhaohui, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, First Clinical Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Yang Wanzhong, Doctoral candidate, First Clinical Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China; Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China Ma Rong, Doctoral candidate, First Clinical Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China; Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    2023 Ningxia Key Research & Development Project, No. 2023BEG02017 (to GZH); 2021 Ningxia Key Research & Development Project, No. 2022BEG03087 (to MR); Special Medical Engineering Project of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. NYZYYG-005 (to GZH)

摘要:


文题释义:

先天性脊柱侧凸:是一种出生时就存在的脊柱畸形,它是由于特定的先天性椎体异常引起的,这种畸形通常在胚胎发育期间形成,因此患者在出生后不久就会出现脊柱侧弯的症状。
畸形进展:是在接受矫形手术治疗后,脊柱侧弯原有的畸形加重或出现新发畸形的情况,这可能会影响手术的最终效果,有时甚至需要额外的治疗措施。


背景:半椎体畸形应早期手术治疗,然而半椎体切除术后畸形进展的危险因素尚无定论。

目的:探讨经一期后路半椎体切除、椎弓根钉棒固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的疗效,进一步探索引起术后畸形进展的危险因素。
方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2020年2月因单一半椎体畸形行椎弓根钉棒固定治疗且随访时间至少2年的病例资料,最终共116例患者符合纳排标准。所有患者在术前、术后及各随访时间点拍摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X射线片,并测量节段侧凸角、总主弯侧凸角、近侧代偿弯角、远侧代偿弯角、冠状面平衡距离、顶椎偏距、上固定椎倾斜角、上固定椎间盘角、下固定椎倾斜角、下固定椎间盘角、节段后凸/前凸角、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角以及矢状面平衡;并记录畸形进展及并发症情况。

结果与结论:①患者术后节段侧凸角、总主弯侧凸角、节段后凸角、近端代偿弯角以及远端代偿弯角较术前明显矫正(P < 0.05),并在末次随访时维持矫正;术前、术后及末次随访时胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、冠状面平衡和矢状面平衡均在正常范围;②随访过程中,10例患者出现冠状面失代偿,表现为畸形进展;③独立样本t 检验示术前总侧凸角、术前顶椎偏移、年龄、Risser征、术后上固定椎倾斜角及术后下固定椎倾斜角与术后畸形进展相关(P < 0.05);④进一步多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术后下固定椎倾斜角是术后畸形进展的独立危险因素(P=0.002,OR=1.526);⑤通过受试者工作特征曲线分析发现:术后下固定椎倾斜角为8.14°是半椎体切除、椎弓根钉棒固定术后畸形进展的最佳阈值(敏感度为0.900,特异度为0.906,曲线下面积=0.926);⑥提示一期后路半椎体切除、椎弓根钉棒固定治疗先天性脊柱侧凸可达到满意的矫形效果;术后下固定椎倾斜角大于8.14°是术后冠状面失代偿的独立危险因素。

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2668-405X(杨万忠);https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6948-6335(马荣)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 先天性脊柱侧凸, 半椎体切除, 内固定, 随访, 畸形进展, 骨科植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemivertebra deformity should be treated surgically at an early age, but the risk factors for progression of deformity after hemivertebral resection have not been established.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effect of one-stage posterior hemivertebrae resection and pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of congenital scoliosis, and to further explore the risk factors causing the progression of postoperative deformity. 
METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent pedicle screw-rod fixation for unilateral hemivertebral deformity from January 2012 to February 2020 and were followed up for at least 2 years were retrospectively analyzed, and a total of 116 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients were treated with standing anterior and lateral spinal radiographs taken before, after and at each follow-up time point. The segment Cobb angle, the total scoliosis Cobb angle, the proximal complementary Cobb angle, the distal complementary Cobb angle, and the coronal balance distance, apical vertebra distance, upper instrumented vertebra tilt, upper instrumented vertebra disc angle, lower instrumented vertebra tilt, lower instrumented vertebra disc angle, segmental kyphosis/lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sagittal vertical axis were measured. The progression of deformity and complications were also recorded. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Segment Cobb, total scoliosis Cobb, segmental kyphosis, proximal complementary Cobb, and distal complementary Cobb were significantly corrected after operation (P < 0.05), and remained corrected at the last follow-up. Thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, coronal balance distance, and sagittal vertical axis were all in the normal range pre-operation, after operation and at the last follow-up. (2) During follow-up, 10 patients developed coronary decompensation, which was characterized by abnormal progression. (3) Independent sample t-test showed that preoperative total scoliosis Cobb, preoperative apical vertebra distance, age, Risser sign, postoperative upper instrument vertebra tilt and postoperative lowest instrumented vertebra tilt were correlated with postoperative malformation progression (P < 0.05). (4) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative lowest instrumented vertebra tilt was an independent risk factor for postoperative malformation progression (P=0.002, OR=1.526). (5) Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a postoperative lowest instrumented vertebra tilt of 8.14° was the optimal threshold for deformity progression after hemivertebrae resection and pedicle rod fixation (sensitivity 0.900, specificity 0.906, area under curve: 0.926). (6) It is indicated that the treatment of congenital scoliosis with one-stage posterior hemivertebrae resection and pedicle nail fixation can achieve satisfactory orthopedic effect. Postoperative lowest instrumented vertebra tilt greater than 8.14° was an independent risk factor for postoperative coronal decompensation. 

Key words: congenital scoliosis, hemivertebra resection, internal fixation, follow-up, deformity progression, orthopedic implants

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