中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 7150-7157.doi: 10.12307/2025.845

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

MAKO机器人与导航辅助膝关节置换:下肢力线及假体位置准确性比较

蒋  涛,张传开,郝  亮,刘  勇   

  1. 徐州仁慈医院,江苏省徐州市   221001
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-31 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 张传开,副教授,主任医师,徐州仁慈医院,江苏省徐州市 221001
  • 作者简介:蒋涛,男,1985年生,山东省枣庄市人,汉族,2015年苏州大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节外科与运动医学损伤方面的工作与研究。

MAKO robot- and navigation-assisted knee replacement: comparison of lower limb force alignment and prosthesis position accuracy

Jiang Tao, Zhang Chuankai, Hao Liang, Liu Yong   

  1. Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2024-08-31 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-04-12
  • Contact: Zhang Chuankai, Associate professor, Chief physician, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221001, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Jiang Tao, MS, Attending physician, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou 221001, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

智能骨科机器人:是手术机器人的一种,主要用于辅助骨科手术,其核心功能包括定制三维术前方案、提高手术部位图像清晰度、减少震颤和提高手术精度,减少对健康骨骼和组织的损伤、减少失血、保护神经、缩短住院时间和加快康复。
膝关节置换:又称作人工膝关节置换,是将人工假体(包含股骨部分、衬垫和胫骨部分)选择性使用骨水泥固定在正常的骨质表面上,以取代病变的关节,重建患者膝关节的正常功能的手术。


背景:膝关节置换是治疗严重膝关节疾病的成功技术,但仍然存在如手术精度不高、手术时间长、术后恢复周期长等问题,智能骨科机器人的临床应用能解决这些问题,使膝关节置换技术更加优化。

目的:比较MAKO机器人与计算机导航辅助膝关节置换的疗效。
方法:选择2022年1-12月徐州仁慈医院收治的MAKO机器人辅助膝关节置换的25例患者作为观察组,并选取同期采用计算机导航辅助膝关节置换的患者100例作为对照组。比较两组患者围术期相关指标,计划与实际胫骨近端内侧角、股骨远端外侧角、髋-膝-踝角,术前、术后3个月目测类比评分、关节活动度、美国膝关节协会临床评分及功能评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数各维度评分。

结果与结论:①与对照组相比,观察组手术时间延长(P < 0.05),术中出血量减少(P < 0.05);②观察组胫骨近端内侧角、股骨远端外侧角、髋-膝-踝角术中计划与术后测量差值与对照组相比,均显著减小(P < 0.05);③术后3个月,两组目测类比评分均较术前降低(P < 0.05),关节活动度均较术前升高(P < 0.05);观察组目测类比评分显著低于对照组,关节活动度显著大于对照组(P < 0.05);④术后3个月,两组患者美国膝关节协会临床、功能评分均较术前升高(P < 0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P < 0.05);⑤术后3个月,两组患者西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数功能、僵硬、疼痛评分均较术前降低(P < 0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P < 0.05);⑥提示与计算机导航膝关节置换相比,MAKO机器人辅助膝关节置换可减少术中出血量,降低下肢力线及假体位置误差,有助于精准安放假体,并实现计划力线,减轻术后疼痛,改善膝关节活动度,促进膝关节功能的恢复。

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9085-4401 (蒋涛) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝关节置换, MAKO机器人, 计算机导航, 膝关节功能, 下肢力线, 膝关节活动度

Abstract: BACKGROUND:  Knee replacement is a successful technology for treating severe knee diseases, but there are still problems such as low surgical precision, long operation time, and long postoperative recovery period. The clinical application of intelligent orthopedic robots can solve these problems and make knee replacement technology more optimized.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of MAKO robot-assisted knee replacement with navigation knee replacement. 
METHODS: Twenty-five patients treated with MAKO robot-assisted knee replacement in Xuzhou Renci Hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as observation group. 100 patients treated with navigation knee replacement during the same period were selected as the control group. Perioperative related indexes of the two groups were compared, including planned and actual medial proximal tibial angle, distal lateral femoral angle, hip-knee-ankle angle, visual analog scale score, joint range of motion, American Knee Society functional score, and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index score before and 3 months after surgery. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time of observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less (P < 0.05). (2) The difference of medial proximal tibial angle, distal lateral femoral angle, and hip-knee-ankle angle in observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Three months after surgery, visual analog scale score in both groups was lower than that before surgery (P < 0.05); range of motion in both groups was higher than that before surgery (P < 0.05). Visual analog scale score in observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and range of motion in observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (4) Three months after surgery, the clinical and functional scores of American Knee Society in both groups were higher than those before surgery (P < 0.05), and those in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (5) Three months after surgery, the scores of function, stiffness and pain of Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index in both groups were lower than those before surgery (P < 0.05), and the scores in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (6) It is indicated that compared with navigational knee replacement, MAKO robot-assisted knee replacement can decrease intraoperative blood loss, reduce lower limb force line and prosthesis position error, help to accurately place prosthesis, achieve planned force line, diminish postoperative pain, improve knee motion, and promote the recovery of knee function.

Key words: knee replacement, MAKO robot, computer navigation, knee joint function, lower limb alignment, knee range of motion

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