中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (24): 5158-5170.doi: 10.12307/2025.702

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束调控机制:靶向转录因子及信号通路联合治疗策略

官镇洁1,2,李文媛1,2,耿  瑞1,王  莹1   

  1. 1牡丹江医科大学神经组织工程研究所,黑龙江省牡丹江市  157011;2牡丹江市北药资源开发与应用协同创新中心,黑龙江省牡丹江市  157011
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-14 接受日期:2024-09-25 出版日期:2025-08-28 发布日期:2025-01-24
  • 通讯作者: 王莹,博士,教授,牡丹江医科大学神经组织工程研究所,黑龙江省牡丹江市 157011
  • 作者简介:官镇洁,女,2000年生,四川省资中县人,汉族,牡丹江医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脊髓和周围神经损伤修复研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82371385),项目负责人:王莹;黑龙江省自然科学基金(SS2022H001),项目负责人:李文媛;牡丹江医学院科学基金火炬计划项目(2022-MYHJ-012),项目负责人:李文媛;牡丹江医学院博士科研启动基金(2021-MYBSKY-039),项目负责人:李文媛

Regulatory mechanisms of the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury: combined therapeutic strategies targeting transcription factors and signaling pathways 

Guan Zhenjie1, 2, Li Wenyuan1, 2, Geng Rui1, Wang Ying1    

  1. 1Institute of Neural tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China; 2Mudanjiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Development and Application of Northern Medicinal Resources, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2024-08-14 Accepted:2024-09-25 Online:2025-08-28 Published:2025-01-24
  • Contact: Wang Ying, PhD, Professor, Institute of Neural tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Guan Zhenjie, Master’s candidate, Institute of Neural tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China; Mudanjiang Collaborative Innovation Center for the Development and Application of Northern Medicinal Resources, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 82371385 (to WY); Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation, No. SS2022H001 (to LWY); Torch Plan Project of Mudanjiang Medical University Science Foundation, No. 2022-MYHJ-012 (to LWY); Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Mudanjiang Medical University, No. 2021-MYBSKY-039 (to LWY)

摘要:


文题释义:
脊髓损伤:是一种破坏性的神经损伤疾病,会导致严重的运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍。
轴突再生:轴突是一种特殊的细胞结构,使神经元之间相互联系,轴突损伤会导致严重的功能障碍。轴突再生是脊髓损伤后功能重建的第一步也是最重要的一步,对于治疗许多神经损伤和神经退行性疾病至关重要。

背景:目前治疗脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束策略主要聚焦于运动康复治疗、药物治疗、经颅磁电刺激、内源性调控如转录因子及特定信号通路介导,其中转录因子及其特定信号通路是调控脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束轴突再生的关键因素,已有大量临床前研究证实转录因子及其信号通路相互协同对脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生具有显著调控效果。因此探索基于靶向转录因子及特定信号通路新的联合治疗脊髓损伤策略具有广阔的应用前景。
目的:归纳转录因子及其信号通路对脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生的调控作用及其介导的潜在分子机制,并探讨基于靶向转录因子及其信号通路为核心的联合治疗策略在脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经可塑性的应用,以期为治疗脊髓损伤提供新的联合治疗策略。
方法:以“脊髓损伤,轴突再生,转录因子,信号通路,皮质脊髓束,中枢神经系统,协同作用,神经保护”为中文检索词,以“spinal cord injury,axon regeneration,transcription factors,signaling pathway,Corticospinal tract,Central Nervous System,Synergistic system,Neuroprotective system”为英文检索词,检索万方数据知识服务平台、Web of Science及PubMed数据库建库时间至2024年9月期间的相关文献,最终纳入101篇文章进行分析和总结。
结果与结论:①概述了脊髓损伤后的皮质脊髓束轴突再生的生物特性及干预策略,解析了聚焦脊髓损伤后的皮质脊髓束的原因,阐明了脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束的反应以及再生的可能性。②研究中以Krüppel样因子6、Krüppel样因子7及神经元限制性沉默因子等为核心的转录因子联合调控策略能够显著促进脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生。③经磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶 B-雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路、Wnt5a通路是转录因子调控皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生的经典信号通路,通过联合治疗策略更能够有效促进脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生及功能重建。④全面详细讨论了关于转录因子及特定信号通路的联合治疗策略,诸如Krüppel样因子6联合信号转导及转录激活因子3、Krüppel样因子7联合SOX11转录因子、联合抑制磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物及神经元限制性沉默因子等策略,发挥协同效应,促进脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生的效果均显著优于单独治疗,有效改善功能恢复,能够为未来治疗脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生提供可参考的方案;但其具体机制仍待进一步研究,而且目前联合策略仅在动物模型上广泛应用,未结合临床实际。⑤基于转录因子及特定信号通路联合治疗策略对脊髓损伤后皮质脊髓束神经元轴突再生具有显著的治疗作用,未来需进一步精准探索联合调控分子机制,以期为脊髓损伤的康复和功能重建提供有效的联合治疗策略。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-781X(王莹)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 轴突再生, 皮质脊髓束, 转录因子, 信号通路, 中枢神经系统, 协同作用, 神经保护

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Current strategies for the treatment of the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury mainly focus on exercise rehabilitation, drug therapy, transcranial magnetoelectric stimulation, endogenous regulation such as transcription factors and specific signaling pathways. Among them, transcription factors and their specific signaling pathways are the key factors regulating the axonal regeneration of corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury. A large number of preclinical studies have confirmed that the synergy between transcription factors and their signaling pathways has a significant regulatory effect on the axonal regeneration of neurons in the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury. Therefore, it has broad application prospects to explore new combination therapy strategies targeting transcription factors and specific signaling pathways for spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the regulatory effects of transcription factors and their signaling pathways on the axonal regeneration of neurons in the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and explore the application of combined therapy strategies targeting transcription factors and signaling pathways in the neuroplasticity of the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury, in order to provide a new combination strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
METHODS: The search terms included “spinal cord injury, axon regeneration, transcription factors, signaling pathway, corticospinal tract, central nervous system, synergistic system, neuroprotective system” in Chinese and English. A literature retrieval was conducted in WanFang, Web of Science, and PubMed for relevant literature published from database inception to September 2024. Finally, 101 articles were included for analysis and summary.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The article outlines the biological properties and intervention strategies for axonal regeneration of the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury, analyses the reasons for focusing on the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury, and elucidates the response and possibility of regeneration of the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury. (2) In this study, the combined regulatory strategy of transcription factors centered on Krüppel-like factor 6, Krüppel-like factor 7, and neuronal restriction silencing factor can significantly promote the axonal regeneration of neurons in the corticospinal tract after spinal cord injury. (3) The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B-rapamycin target protein signaling pathway and Wnt5a pathway are the classical signaling pathways for transcription factors to regulate the axonal regeneration of corticospinal tract neurons, and the combined treatment strategy can effectively promote the axonal regeneration and functional reconstruction of corticospinal tract neurons after spinal cord injury. (4) This article discusses the combined treatment strategies of transcription factors and specific signaling pathways in a comprehensive and detailed manner, such as Krüppel-like factor 6 combined with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Krüppel-like factor 7 combined with SOX11 transcription factor, combined inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homologs and neuronal restriction silencing factor, etc., to exert a synergistic effect and promote the axonal regeneration of corticospinal tract neurons after spinal cord injury, which are significantly better than those of single treatment. It can effectively improve functional recovery and provide a reference scheme for the future treatment of axonal regeneration of corticospinal tract neurons after spinal cord injury. However, the specific mechanism of the combination therapy still needs to be further studied, and the current combination strategy is only widely used in animal models but not in clinical practice. (5) The combined therapy strategy based on transcription factors and specific signaling pathways has a significant therapeutic effect on the axonal regeneration of corticospinal tract neurons after spinal cord injury, and it is necessary to further explore the molecular mechanism of joint regulation in the future, in order to provide an effective combined therapy strategy for the rehabilitation and functional reconstruction of spinal cord injury.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Key words: spinal cord injury, axonal regeneration, corticospinal tract, transcription factors, signaling pathway, central nervous system, synergistic effect, nerve regeneration

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