中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 5434-5442.doi: 10.12307/2025.514

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

不同细胞来源外泌体miRNAs在胃癌进展及诊断和预后中的作用

王  磊1,王白燕1,周春光1,任晓云1,代月优1,冯书营1,2   

  1. 1河南中医药大学医学院,河南省郑州市   450046;2河南省中医药特医食品工程研究中心,河南省郑州市   450046
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-25 接受日期:2024-06-07 出版日期:2025-09-08 发布日期:2024-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 冯书营,医学博士,博士生导师,河南中医药大学医学院,河南省郑州市 450046;河南省中医药特医食品工程研究中心,河南省郑州市 450046
  • 作者简介:王磊,男,汉族,河南省南阳市人,1996年生,河南中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事中药纳米化增效研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目(222102310541),项目负责人:王白燕;河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A310016),项目负责人:王白燕;中国博士后科学基金(2023M731023);河南中医药大学仲景骨干学者科研启动基金(0104311-2021),项目负责人:冯书营

Role of different cell-derived exosomal miRNAs in progression, diagnosis, and prognosis of gastric cancer

Wang Lei1, Wang Baiyan1, Zhou Chunguang1, Ren Xiaoyun1, Dai Yueyou1, Feng Shuying1, 2   

  1. 1Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; 2Henan Engineering Research Center for Chinese Medicine Foods for Special Medical Purpose, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-25 Accepted:2024-06-07 Online:2025-09-08 Published:2024-12-28
  • Contact: Feng Shuying, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Chinese Medicine Foods for Special Medical Purpose, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Lei, Master candidate, Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project, No. 222102310541 (to WBY); Key Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province, No. 22A310016 (to WBY); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2023M731023; Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Backbone Scholars Research Initiation Fund, No. 0104311-2021 (to FSY) 

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是由多种细胞分泌的,内含蛋白质、脂质和核酸等多种成分,直径为40-160 nm的细胞外囊泡,广泛存在于唾液、脑脊液及血液等体液中。
miRNA:是一类在真核生物中普遍存在的长度为19-25个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA,通过与蛋白质编码基因的信使RNA的特异性结合可控制多个靶基因的表达,进而调控多种重要的生物学功能,如细胞的增殖、凋亡及分化等,是基因表达调控的重要介质。

摘要
背景:肿瘤微环境可通过多种途径参与胃癌的发生发展并促进胃癌化疗耐药,其中外泌体miRNAs介导的肿瘤微环境串话可诱导基质重编程,参与肿瘤异质性,并形成有利于肿瘤增殖、迁移、侵袭、免疫逃逸和化疗耐药的微环境。
目的:对近年来外泌体miRNAs在胃癌微环境中的作用机制及其在胃癌诊断及预后评估中的应用进展作一综述。
方法:以“Exosomal miRNAs,gastric cancer,angiogenesis,apoptosis,proliferation,migration,autophagy,invasion,immune response,chemotherapy resistance,biomarker”为英文检索词和“外泌体miRNAs,胃癌”为中文检索词分别检索PubMed及中国知网数据库。检索时限为2017-2024年。通过阅读文题及摘要进行初步筛选,排除研究内容相关性差及内容重复的文献,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳探讨。

结果与结论:①外泌体作为细胞间信息交流的重要载体,可携带miRNA等多种信息物质,通过激活靶细胞上的细胞表面受体、与受体细胞质膜融合及内吞作用3种途径实现细胞间信号传递。②外泌体miRNAs通过调节胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡、自噬、血管形成、侵袭转移、免疫应答以及耐药性的形成等多种途径,进而在胃癌进展中发挥着重要作用。③miRNA与靶mRNA相互作用及其调控网络广泛存在于肿瘤发生和人类癌症发展中,不同类型外泌体miRNAs对调控胃癌细胞凋亡具有不同的作用,鉴别不同外泌体miRNAs对胃癌细胞凋亡相关蛋白及通路的影响,合理运用其诱导剂或抑制剂可对胃癌细胞凋亡水平进行调控。④不同细胞来源的外泌体miRNAs通过将M1极化型巨噬细胞诱导为M2型,在肿瘤微环境的建立、血管生成、免疫应答及化疗耐药中扮演重要角色。⑤外泌体miRNAs广泛稳定存在于血液及其他体液中,其在胃癌患者中的差异性表达可作为胃癌患者诊断、预后及治疗依据。目前作为生物标志物研究较多的外泌体miRNAs包括miR-379-5p,miR-590-5p,miR-29s和miR-21等,其中miR-590-5p灵敏度与特异性分别为63.7%和86%,其表达水平与胃癌患者总体生存率、浸润深度密切相关。⑥设计外泌体miRNAs模拟物或抑制物,并利用纳米递送载体(如外泌体、脂质体)将其靶向递送至肿瘤部位以恢复miRNAs正常水平,可能是治疗胃癌的一种新策略。⑦虽然外泌体miRNAs在胃癌患者诊疗中具有很大的应用前景,但仍存在一些问题亟待解决,例如外泌体miRNAs的潜在靶点及作用机制尚未完全探讨,其有效性及安全性有待进一步确认;而且外泌体的提取及纯化缺乏标准化规模化制备流程等。

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5609-5199 (王磊) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-4912 (冯书营) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 胃癌, 肿瘤微环境, 外泌体miRNAs, 血管生成, 免疫应答, 自噬, 耐药, 诊疗, 预后, 生物标记物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor microenvironment can participate in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and promote chemotherapy resistance in various ways. Among them, the tumor microenvironment crosstalk mediated by exosomal miRNAs can induce matrix reprogramming, participate in tumor heterogeneity, and form a microenvironment conducive to tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, immune escape, and chemotherapy resistance. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of action of exosomal miRNAs in the microenvironment of gastric cancer and its application in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of gastric cancer in recent years. 
METHODS: “Exosomal miRNAs, gastric cancer, angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, autophagy, invasion, immune response, chemotherapy resistance, biomarker” for English search terms and “exosomal miRNAs, gastric cancer” for Chinese search terms were searched in PubMed and CNKI databases. The search period was from 2017 to 2024. After preliminary screening by reading the title and abstract, the articles with poor correlation and repeated content were excluded, and 77 articles were finally included for induction and discussion.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes, as important carriers of intercellular information exchange, can carry a variety of information substances such as miRNA, and realize intercellular signal transmission through three ways: activation of cell surface receptors on target cells, fusion with the plasma membrane of recipient cells, and endocytosis. (2) Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, immune response, and the formation of drug resistance of gastric cancer cells. (3) The interaction between miRNAs and target mRNA and its regulatory network are widely found in tumorigenesis and human cancer development. Different types of exosomal miRNAs have different effects on the regulation of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and the effects of different exosomal miRNAs on apoptosis related proteins and pathways of gastric cancer cells are screened. Rational use of its inducers or inhibitors can regulate the apoptosis level of gastric cancer cells. (4) Exosomal miRNAs of different cell origin play an important role in the establishment of tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, immune response, and chemotherapy resistance by inducing M1-polarized macrophages to M2 type. (5) Exosomal miRNAs exist extensively and stably in blood and other body fluids, and their differential expression in patients with gastric cancer can be used as a basis for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Currently, exosomal miRNAs widely studied as biomarkers include miR-379-5p, miR-590-5p, miR-29s, miR-21, etc. Among them, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-590-5p are 63.7% and 86%, respectively. The expression level of miR-590-5p is closely related to the overall survival rate and the depth of invasion of gastric cancer patients. (6) The design of exosomal miRNAs mimics or inhibitors and their targeted delivery to the tumor site using nano-delivery vectors (such as exosomes and liposomes) to restore the normal level of miRNAs may be a new strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer. (7) Although exosomal miRNAs have great application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer patients, there are still some problems to be solved. For example, the potential targets and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs have not been fully explored, and their effectiveness and safety need to be further confirmed. The extraction and purification of exosomes lack standardized large-scale preparation processes.

Key words: gastric cancer, tumor microenvironment, exosomal miRNAs, angiogenesis, immune response, autophagy, drug resistance, diagnosis and treatment, prognosis, biomarker

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