中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (13): 2849-2860.doi: 10.12307/2025.035

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    

NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞中的作用

周文洋,廖烨晖,田明昊,何宝强,钟德君   

  1. 西南医科大学附属医院骨科,四川省泸州市   646000
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-16 接受日期:2024-02-29 出版日期:2025-05-08 发布日期:2024-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 钟德君,博士,主任医师,西南医科大学附属医院骨科,四川省泸州市 646000
  • 作者简介:周文洋,男,2000年生,四川省资阳市人,汉族,西南医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脊髓损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省医学会科研课题计划(S17075),项目负责人:钟德君;泸州市人民政府——西南医科大学科技战略合作项目(2020LZXNYDJ22),项目负责人:钟德君

Effect of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia after spinal cord injury

Zhou Wenyang, Liao Yehui, Tian Minghao, He Baoqiang, Zhong Dejun   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-16 Accepted:2024-02-29 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2024-09-12
  • Contact: Zhong Dejun, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Wenyang, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Medical Association Research Project, No. S17075 (to ZDJ); Science and Technology Strategic Cooperation Project of Luzhou Municipal People’s Government—Southwest Medical University, No. 2020LZXNYDJ22 (to ZDJ)

摘要:

文题释义:

NLRP3炎性小体:是先天性免疫系统的重要组成成分,由NLRP3,ASC和Caspase-1所构成。NLRP3可检测外源性致病性侵袭和内源性细胞损伤,从而促进NLRP3炎性小体形成,进而调控炎症反应。
脊髓损伤:是一种急性疾病,主要导致损伤平面以下不同程度的部分或永久性的感觉和运动功能的丧失,给患者和社会造成严重负担。脊髓损伤常见于高空坠落伤以及交通事故,尽管治疗费用逐年递增,但仍没有有效的疗法来明显促进脊髓损伤后的神经功能恢复。

摘要
背景:NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)炎性小体与脊髓损伤后的神经炎症密切相关,小胶质细胞极化和焦亡在其中发挥关键作用,靶向调控NLRP3有利于诱导小胶质细胞从M1促炎表型向M2抗炎表型极化和调节小胶质细胞焦亡,是一个有前景的治疗策略。
目的:归纳NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞中作用的分子机制以及治疗策略的研究进展。
方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“spinal cord injury,NLRP3,microglia,polarization,pyroptosis”,中文检索词为“脊髓损伤,NLRP3,小胶质细胞,极化,焦亡,炎症”,按纳入和排除标准共纳入79篇文献进行总结。

结果与结论:①目前,关于脊髓损伤复杂的发病机制尚未有统一定论,大量研究表明脊髓损伤与炎症因子和信号通路关系密切,以NLRP3炎性小体作为其发病机制和治疗突破口的相关研究也是当前的热点。②NLRP3炎性小体在脊髓损伤后的炎症反应、氧化应激和神经元恢复等起到关键作用。③小胶质细胞是脑和脊髓中的免疫细胞,是继发性脊髓损伤最重要的调节因子,脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞对内部环境作出调整,主要表现为极化及焦亡,产生大量炎症因子,阻碍脊髓损伤的神经再生和功能恢复,通过调控小胶质细胞表型变化,是治疗脊髓损伤的另一个关键因素。④NLRP3炎性小体与小胶质细胞密切相关,脊髓损伤后NLRP3炎性小体主要在小胶质细胞中表达,其会促进小胶质细胞向M1极化和促进促裂解蛋白D的产生,进一步破坏神经稳态,从而加重脊髓损伤的进展。⑤许多分子参与NLRP3炎性小体调控小胶质细胞,其中核转录因子κB及MAPK信号通路促进NLRP3炎性小体表达,其他信号通路抑制该炎性小体表达。⑥目前有大量的外源性分子及药物调控NLRP3炎性小体,临床应用前景广泛,已有相关药物处于临床试验阶段并取得良好疗效,如NLRP3特异性抑制剂MCC950,但如何精准控制靶向递送、减少对其他组织器官影响等关键问题亟需解决,随着研究的深入,未来有望在脊髓损伤治疗方式上作出新的突破。

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6849-3275 (周文洋) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 脊髓损伤, NLRP3, 小胶质细胞, 极化, 焦亡, 炎症, 非编码RNA, 中药活性成分, 干细胞, 特异性抑制剂

Abstract: BACKGROUND: NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is closely related to neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury, in which microglial polarization and pyroptosis play a key role. Targeted regulation of NLRP3 can induce microglial polarization from M1 proinflammatory phenotype to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype and regulate microglial pyroptosis, which is a promising therapeutic strategy.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia after spinal cord injury.
METHODS: Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched for the articles with search terms “spinal cord injury, NLRP3, microglia, polarization, pyroptosis” in English and “spinal cord injury, NLRP3, microglia, polarization, pyroptosis, inflammation” in Chinese. Finally, a total of 79 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Currently, there is no consensus on the complex pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. A large number of studies have shown that spinal cord injury is closely related to inflammatory factors and signaling pathways. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a hot topic in current research as a mechanism of disease and a breakthrough in treatment. (2) The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury. (3) Microglia are immune cells in the brain and spinal cord and are the most important regulatory factors in secondary spinal cord injury. After spinal cord injury, microglia adjust the internal environment, mainly manifested as polarization and necrosis, produce a large number of inflammatory factors, hinder the nerve regeneration and functional recovery of spinal cord injury, and regulating the phenotype change of microglia is another key factor in the treatment of spinal cord injury. (4) The NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to microglia. After spinal cord injury, NLRP3 is mainly expressed in microglia, which promotes the polarization of microglia to M1 and accelerates the production of cleavage proteins, further disrupting the microenvironment and aggravating the progression of spinal cord injury. (5) Many molecules participate in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia, involving signaling pathways. Among them, nuclear factor-κB and MAPK signaling pathways promote NLRP3 inflammasome, while the rest inhibit this inflammasome. (6) At present, a large number of exogenous molecules and drugs regulate NLRP3 inflammasomes, with a wide range of clinical application prospects. Relevant drugs are in the clinical trial stage and obtain good effects, such as the NLRP3-specific inhibitor MCC950. However, key issues such as how to precisely control targeted delivery and the impact on other tissues and organs urgently need to be resolved. With the deepening of research, it is expected to make new breakthroughs in delaying the treatment of spinal cord injury in the future.

Key words: spinal cord injury, NLRP3, microglia, polarization, pyroptosis, inflammation, non-coding RNA, active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine, stem cell, specific inhibitor

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