中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 202-210.doi: 10.12307/2025.001

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

类器官技术在医疗领域的应用和监管挑战

程玮璐1,王泽华1,张译丹2,刘英慧1   

  1. 1国家药品监督管理局医疗器械技术审评中心,临床与生物统计一部,北京市   100081;2国家药品监督管理局医疗器械技术审评检查大湾区分中心,广东省深圳市   518045
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-30 接受日期:2023-12-18 出版日期:2025-01-08 发布日期:2024-05-20
  • 作者简介:程玮璐,女,1987 年生,吉林省吉林市人,汉族,工学博士,医用材料器械高级工程师,主要从事医疗器械临床评价技术审评工作。

Application and regulatory challenges of organoid technology in medical field

Cheng Weilu1, Wang Zehua1, Zhang Yidan2, Liu Yinghui1   

  1. 1Department of Clinical and Biostatistics, Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, China; 2GBA Center for Medical Device Evaluation and Inspection, NMPA, Shenzhen 518045, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-10-30 Accepted:2023-12-18 Online:2025-01-08 Published:2024-05-20
  • About author:Cheng Weilu, PhD, Senior engineer, Department of Clinical and Biostatistics, Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing 100081, China

摘要:

文题释义:
类器官:是由干细胞经体外3D培养产生的“类似”器官样、具有自我更新和组装能力以及结构和功能与来源组织或器官高度相似的微型器官,类似于组织器官。
疾病模型:是通过对疾病的生理、病理机制进行系统性建模,模拟疾病的发生发展和治疗效果变化的模型。


背景:3D类器官具有类似于生理组织并在一定程度上模仿器官功能的特点,使其成为从基础发育/干细胞研究到个性化医疗等应用的出色模型。
目的:综述并讨论类器官可应用的疾病类型和肿瘤建模等应用领域,以及其监管现状和挑战。
方法:以“类器官,干细胞,疾病模型,3D打印技术,医疗领域”为中文检索词,以“organoid,stem cell,disease model,3D printing technology,medical field”为英文检索词,检索PubMed、Elsevier、万方、中国知网等数据库,对国内外类器官产品进行汇总分析,总结出类器官技术在医疗领域中的应用情况,并对类器官产品在医疗领域的未来发展进行展望。
结果与结论:类器官组织可以打破传统细胞和动物模型的局限性,规避临床研究中存在的伦理问题,与源器官具有高度相似性,与人类系统的生理和病理具有更加相似的表现且遗传稳定,在当前研究中具有极大的优势。类器官在以下领域已得到应用:药效评价研究(临床前模型),包括肠道类器官、肾脏类器官、肝脏类器官、胆囊类器官、肺类器官、脑类器官、心脏类器官、皮肤类器官、生殖系统类器官等;传染病研究;肿瘤研究及精准治疗;再生医学;免疫类器官。美国、欧盟和中国虽暂无完善的监管规定,但均在努力推进类器官监管法律法规的制定。在国内,类器官医疗器械产品虽暂无已上市产品,但与其相关的再生医学产品已有突破性进展。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0386-5167 (程玮璐) 



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 类器官, 干细胞, 疾病模型, 3D打印技术, 医疗领域, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: 3D organoids have characteristics that resemble physiological tissues and to some extent mimic organ function, making them excellent models for applications ranging from basic development/stem cell research to personalized medicine.
OBJECTIVE: To review and discuss the types of diseases and application areas such as tumor modeling that organoids can be applied to, as well as their regulatory status and challenges.
METHODS: With “organoid, stem cell, disease model, 3D printing technology, medical field” as Chinese and English search terms, we searched PubMed, Elsevier, WanFang, and CNKI databases to summarize and analyze organoid products at home and abroad, summarize the application of organoid technology in the medical field, and prospect the future development of organoid products in the medical field.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Organoids can break the limitations of traditional cell and animal models, avoid the ethical problems existing in clinical research, and have a high similarity to the source organ, a more similar performance to the physiology and pathology of human systems, and genetic stability, which has great advantages in current research. Organoids have been applied in the following fields: efficacy evaluation studies (preclinical models), including intestinal organoids, kidney organoids, liver organoids, gallbladder organoids, lung organoids, brain organoids, heart organoids, skin organoids, and reproductive system organoids; research on infectious diseases; cancer research and precision therapy; regenerative medicine; immune organoids. Although the United States, the European Union and China do not have perfect regulatory provisions, they are trying to promote the formulation of organoid regulatory laws and regulations. In China, although no organoid medical device products have been listed for the time being, its related regenerative medicine products have made breakthroughs.

Key words: organoid, stem cell, disease model, 3D printing technology, medical field, review

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