中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (21): 3304-3309.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2649

• 骨科植入物Orthopedic implants • 上一篇    下一篇

股骨颈骨折复位内固定后股骨颈短缩的发生率及相关因素

牟  帅1,2,肖  鹏3,张建亮4,侯伟光1,5   

  1. 1西南医科大学,四川省泸州市  646000;2四川省八一康复中心•成都中医药大学附属康复医院骨科,四川省成都市  611135;3四川省骨科医院下肢科,四川省成都市  610041;4成都市郫都区骨科医院下肢科,四川省成都市 617732;5航天工业三六三医院骨科,四川省成都市  610041
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-15 修回日期:2019-10-17 接受日期:2019-11-29 出版日期:2020-07-28 发布日期:2020-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 侯伟光,主任医师,西南医科大学,四川省泸州市 646000;航天工业三六三医院骨科,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:牟帅,男,1985年生,四川省成都市人,西南医科大学在读硕士,主治医师,主要从事骨科关节相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省卫生和计划生育委员会重点课题(16ZD042)

Incidence of femoral neck shortening after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture and prognostic factors

Mu Shuai1, 2, Xiao Peng3, Zhang Jianliang4, Hou Weiguang1, 5   

  1. 1Southwest Medical University; 2Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan Bayi Rehabilitation Center; 3Department of Lower Limbs, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital; 4Department of Lower Limbs, Pidu District Orthopedic Hospital of Chengdu City; 5Department of Orthopedics
  • Received:2019-10-15 Revised:2019-10-17 Accepted:2019-11-29 Online:2020-07-28 Published:2020-04-16
  • Contact: Hou Weiguang, Chief physician, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, AVIC 363 Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Mu Shuai, Master candidate, Attending physician, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Sichuan Bayi Rehabilitation Center•Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 611135, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Key Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Sichuan Province, No. 16ZD042

摘要:

文题释义:

股骨颈骨折复位内固定:股骨颈骨折是临床最为常见的一种骨折类型,约占全部髋部骨折的50%。空心钉内固定依然是临床上治疗股骨颈骨折最常用的方式,且取得了较满意的临床疗效,术后股骨头坏死和骨折不愈合的发生率呈明显下降趋势。

股骨颈短缩:空心钉内固定治疗后,部分患者术后可能出现股骨颈短缩的现象,甚至造成患者术后髋关节功能障碍的发生。

背景:空心钉内固定目前是临床上治疗股骨颈骨折最常用的方式,但部分患者术后可能出现股骨颈短缩的现象,甚至造成患者术后髋关节功能障碍的发生。

目的:探讨股骨颈骨折复位内固定后股骨颈短缩的发生率、临床特点、预后转归及相关影响因素。

方法:回顾性收集2012年1月至2017年3月成都地区3家骨科医院采用空心钉内固定治疗并获得完整术后随访信息的111例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。以术后股骨颈短缩作为预后观察指标,记录患者股骨颈短缩的发生率、发生时间及主要临床特点;采用单因素卡方检验分析性别、年龄、Garden分型、Garden指数、骨密度T值、Singh指数、受伤至手术时间、负重时间等因素与术后股骨颈短缩的相关关系,再将有统计学意义的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归模型分析。

结果与结论:①股骨颈短缩发生率为48.6%(54/111),其中股骨颈短缩10-19 mm的发生率为31.5%(35/111)、股骨颈短缩≥20 mm的发生率为5.4%(6/111);②股骨颈短缩的发生时间主要集中在术后6个月内,占76%;③股骨颈短缩的临床症状主要包括下地负重时疼痛、髋关节活动受限和跛行,股骨颈短缩的临床表现分析结果显示,颈短缩组以中度疼痛为主(67%),无短缩组以无疼痛/轻度疼痛为主(86%);颈短缩组髋关节活动受限的发生率高于无短缩组(68% vs. 21%),颈短缩组患者跛行的发生率高于无短缩组(61% vs. 18%),差异均有显著性意义(P均< 0.05);④单因素及多因素Logistic回归模型分析表明,骨折Garden分型为Ⅲ,Ⅳ型、Garden指数为Ⅲ,Ⅳ级、骨密度T值≤-2.5、负重时间≤2个月是股骨颈骨折复位内固定后发生股骨颈短缩的独立危险因素,说明股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定后存在很高的股骨颈短缩发生风险,而发生时间主要集中术后6个月内。

ORCID: 0000-0002-4430-4394(牟帅)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词:

股骨颈骨折, 骨折固定术, 内, 股骨颈短缩, 影响因素

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Internal fixation with cannulated screws is the most commonly used treatment for femoral neck fracture, but some patients may have the phenomenon of femoral neck shortening after surgery, and even cause the occurrence of postoperative dysfunction of the hip joint.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence, clinical features, prognosis and influencing factors of femoral neck shortening after internal fixation of femoral neck fracture.

METHODS: One hundred and eleven cases of femoral neck fracture treated by cannulated screw internal fixation at three orthopedic hospitals in Chengdu from January 2012 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients signed the informed consents and the study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital. Femoral neck shortening was as the prognostic indicator. The incidence, occurrence time and main clinical characteristics of femoral neck shortening after surgery were recorded. Univariate chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between sex, age, Garden type, Garden index, bone mineral density T value, Singh index, time from injury to operation, weight-bearing time and the femoral neck shortening after surgery. Statistically significant factors were included in the multivariate Logistic regression model.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The incidence of femoral neck shortening was 48.6% (54/111), with 31.5% (35/111) of 10-19 mm shortening and 5.4% (6/111) of ≥ 20 mm shortening. (2) The occurrence time of femoral neck shortening was mainly within 6 months after surgery, accounting for 76%. (3) The clinical manifestations of the femoral neck shortening mainly included pain during weight-bearing, dysfunction of hip movement and claudication. The analysis results showed that the moderate pain (67%) was dominant in the shortening group, and no pain/mild pain (86%) was dominant in the non-shortening group; the incidence of hip motion limitation in the shortening group was higher than that in the non-shortening group (68% vs. 21%); and the incidence of claudication in the shortening group was higher than that in the non-shortening group (61% vs. 18%); the differences were significant (all P < 0.05). (4) Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Garden classification of fracture was type III and IV, Garden index was grade III and IV, bone mineral density T value ≤ -2.5, weight-bearing time ≤ 2 months were independent risk factors for femoral neck shortening after reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fracture. Therefore, there is a high risk of femoral neck shortening after internal fixation with cannulated nails for femoral neck fractures, which mainly occurs within 6 months after surgery.

Key words: femoral neck fracture, fracture fixation, internal, femoral neck shortening, influencing factors

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