中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (46): 6922-6929.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.46.011

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

青少年男子体操运动员主要关节的等速肌力特征

鞠秀奎   

  1. 沈阳体育学院,辽宁省沈阳市   110102
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-05 出版日期:2016-11-11 发布日期:2016-11-11
  • 作者简介:鞠秀奎,男,1980年生,沈阳市法库县人,汉族,沈阳体育学院毕业,硕士,讲师,主要从事体操教学与训练方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    沈阳体育学院第一批重点资助学科项目(XKFX1508)

Isokinetic muscle strength characteristics of the main joints in juvenile male gymnasts

Ju Xiu-kui   

  1. Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2016-09-05 Online:2016-11-11 Published:2016-11-11
  • About author:Ju Xiu-kui, Master, Lecturer, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the First Key Projects of Shenyang Sport University, No. XKFX1508

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
主要关节:体操运动员在进行体操动作过程中,身体的主要运动关节有腰背环节、髋关节和膝关节。腰背环节是人体的中轴,承载着人体进行屈伸动作的运动方式。髋关节是下肢肌肉力量最大的关节,能够稳定重心、改变身体姿势并获得向上的速度。膝关节是进行有力蹬地、缓冲压力和稳定重心贡献率最大的关节。
肌力特征:主要指体操运动员腰背环节、髋关节和膝关节屈肌和伸肌的峰值力矩、屈伸比、峰值力矩出现的角度和平均功率在不同的测试速度下值的大小以及值的变化趋势所呈现的特征。除了不同关节之间进行比较之外,髋关节和膝关节的左右侧也进行了比较。不同关节的肌力特征对分析运动员关节力量现状具有重要的参考价值。

摘要
背景:
青少年体操动作技术训练越来越趋于科学化、系统化。利用科学的诊断方法来确定运动员的关节肌肉力量特征并针对性地实施训练方案,目前已成为青少年体操动作技术训练的主流趋势。
目的:探索青少年男子体操运动员躯干、髋和膝关节的等速肌力特征。
方法:以现役辽宁省16名青少年男子体操运动员为研究对象,运用ISOMED2000等速肌力测试系统对运动员的躯干环节进行30,60,180 (°)/s的等速肌力测试,并对髋、膝关节进行60,180,300 (°)/s的等速肌力测试。
结果与结论:①躯干环节30,60,180 (°)/s的屈伸肌比值分别为91.36±1.25,87.77±3.74,78.20±4.70,呈逐渐减小趋势;②髋关节60,180,300 (°)/s左侧的屈伸肌比值分别为65.55±4.38,66.92±3.22,68.18±2.82,呈逐渐增大趋势;右侧分别为57.40±4.43,65.73±1.07,64.15±5.55,呈先增大后减小趋势;另外,在60 (°)/s下左侧屈肌肌力显著高于右侧,而右侧伸肌肌力显著高于左侧(P < 0.05);③膝关节60,180,300 (°)/s下左侧的屈伸肌比值分别为50.88±4.98,54.75±4.51,58.80±7.93;右侧分别为51.55±4.30,55.20±5.08,58.43±5.93,均呈逐渐增大趋势;3个速度下左右侧屈伸肌群肌力差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④结果提示,腰背环节快速力量特别是屈肌存在严重不足,伸肌的基础力量比较薄弱;髋关节左侧屈肌基础力量较大而右侧伸肌基础力量较大,屈肌的快速力量比较薄弱,左右侧肌力存在失衡现象;膝关节左右侧肌力比较均衡,左侧屈肌的快速力量和两侧伸肌的基础力量有一定欠缺。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID:0000-0001-9870-8047(鞠秀奎)

关键词: 组织构建, 组织工程, 青少年, 男子, 体操运动员, 主要关节, 等速肌力

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The gymnastic skill training of juveniles tends to be scientific and systematic, such as confirming the strength characteristics of joints and muscles and implementing training program pertinently based on the scientific diagnostic method.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the isokinetic muscle strength characteristics of the trunk, hips and knees in juvenile male gymnasts.
METHODS: Sixteen juvenile male gymnasts who were active athletes in Liaoning province were enrolled. ISOMED2000 isokinetic muscle strength test system was used to detect the muscle strength, and the test speed of trunk set as 30, 60 and 180 (°)/s, while 60, 180 and 300 (°)/s for the hips and knees.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 30, 60 and 180 (°)/s, the hamstring/quadriceps ratio of trunk were 91.36±1.25, 87.77±3.74 and 78.20±4.70, respectively. At 60, 180 and 300 (°)/s, the hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the left hip was 65.55±4.38, 66.92±3.22 and 68.18±2.82, while that of the right hip were 57.40±4.43, 65.73±1.07 and 64.15±5.55. Additionally, the left flexor strength was significantly higher than that of the right, while the right extensor strength was significantly higher than that of the left at 60 (°)/s (P < 0.05). At 60, 180 and 300 (°)/s, the hamstring/quadriceps ratio was 50.88±4.98, 54.75±4.51 and 58.80±7.93 for the left knee, and 51.55±4.30, 55.20±5.08 and 58.43±5.93 for the right knee. In three test speeds there were no significant differences in flexor and extensor strength between two sides (P > 0.05). These results indicate that the rapid strength of the back especially of the flexor is insufficient markedly, and the basic strength of the extensor is weak. The basic strength of the left flexor in the hip is large, the same as the right extensor; the rapid strength of flexor is weak, and imbalance in the muscle strength between two sides appears. Fortunately, the muscle strength of the knee between two sides achieves balance, but there is still a certain deficiency in the rapid strength of the left flexor and the basic strength of the extensor on both sides.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Adolescent, Gymnastics, Athletes, Muscle Strength

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