中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9302-9308.doi: 10.12307/2026.442

• 组织构建循证医学 evidence-based medicine in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

经颅磁刺激测量运动干预对健康人群皮质兴奋性及运动表现影响的Meta分析

李  磊1,赵起生2   

  1. 1南昌师范学院体育学院,江西省南昌市   330032;2德宏师范学院体育学院,云南省芒市   678400
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26 修回日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-12-18 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 赵起生,硕士,副教授,德宏师范学院体育学院,云南省芒市 678400
  • 作者简介:李磊,男,1981年生,辽宁省沈阳市人,蒙古族,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事运动训练、运动康复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2202010),项目负责人:李磊

Effects of exercise intervention on cortical excitability and motor performance in healthy populations: a meta-analysis based on transcranial magnetic stimulation measurements

Li Lei1, Zhao Qisheng2   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, Jiangxi Province, China; 2School of Physical Education, Dehong Normal University, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2025-11-26 Revised:2026-01-22 Online:2026-12-18 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Zhao Qisheng, MS, Associate professor, School of Physical Education, Dehong Normal University, Mangshi 678400, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Li Lei, PhD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Physical Education, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project, No. GJJ2202010 (to LL) 

摘要:



文题释义:
皮质兴奋性:是指大脑皮质神经元对外部刺激(如经颅磁刺激)产生反应的能力,是评估运动干预对神经系统影响的核心指标。
运动表现:指个体在力量、协调性和精准性等运动任务中的功能表现,常通过单次最大力量、最大自主等长收缩等指标量化。

目的:多项研究证实,运动干预后可通过经颅磁刺激检测皮质兴奋性的变化,但不同训练类型间的神经调控效应结果不一致,尚无统一结论。基于此,此次研究旨在系统评价运动干预对健康人群皮质兴奋性及运动表现的影响,探讨运动干预在神经生理和运动功能层面的作用机制。
方法:系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane Library数据库和中国知网、维普、万方数据库,纳入运动干预健康成人的随机对照试验和交叉试验,试验组进行任何形式的运动干预,对照组进行假干预或无运动干预,以经颅磁刺激测量皮质兴奋性指标和运动表现作为结局指标,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,通过亚组分析和敏感性分析进一步探索异质性来源。
结果:共纳入15项研究,包含380名受试者。Meta分析结果表明,运动干预对皮质兴奋性和运动表现均具有显著的正向效应,运动干预可显著增强皮质兴奋性[SMD=0.38,95%CI(0.05,0.72),P=0.03],效应量为小到中等;运动干预可显著提升运动表现[SMD=0.42,95%CI(0.07,0.76),P=0.02],效应量为中等;亚组分析显示,力量训练可显著提升皮质兴奋性[SMD=0.53,95%CI(0.12,0.94),P=0.01],运动技能训练、高强度间歇训练和平衡训练未能显著提升皮质兴奋性[SMD=-0.29,95%CI(-1.13,0.55),P=0.50;SMD=0.04,95%CI(-0.44,0.53),P=0.86;SMD=0.45,95%CI(-0.37,1.26),P=0.28]。研究间异质性较高,可能源于运动干预类型、训练时长或测量指标的差异。敏感性分析确认结果稳健,漏斗图分析提示发表偏倚风险较低。
结论:运动干预能有效增强健康人群的大脑皮质兴奋性和运动表现,其中力量训练的效应尤为显著。未来研究应深入探索不同训练类型的作用机制、优化训练方案设计,以进一步提升神经可塑性和运动表现的改善效果。

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6794-533X (李磊);https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6975-9600 (赵起生)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 皮质兴奋性, 运动表现, 运动干预, 经颅磁刺激, Meta分析, 力量训练

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Multiple studies have confirmed that exercise interventions can induce changes in cortical excitability detectable by transcranial magnetic stimulation; however, the neural regulatory effects among different training types remain inconsistent, with no unified conclusions. Based on this, this study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on cortical excitability and motor performance in healthy populations, exploring the underlying mechanisms at neurophysiological and motor functional levels.  
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases including CNKI, VIP, and WanFang. Randomized controlled trials and crossover trials involving healthy adults undergoing exercise interventions were included, where the trial group underwent any form of exercise intervention, while the control group received sham intervention or no exercise intervention. Outcome measures included cortical excitability indexes and motor performance assessed via transcranial magnetic stimulation. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses conducted to further explore sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS: A total of 15 studies (380 participants) were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that exercise interventions had significant positive effects on both cortical excitability and motor performance. Exercise interventions significantly enhanced cortical excitability [standard mean difference (SMD)=0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI)=(0.05, 0.72), P=0.03], with a small-to-moderate effect size. Exercise interventions also significantly improved motor performance [SMD=0.42, 95% CI (0.07, 0.76), P=0.02], with a moderate effect size. Subgroup analysis revealed that strength training had the most significant effect on enhancing cortical excitability [SMD=0.53, 95% CI (0.12, 0.94), P=0.01], whereas motor skill training [SMD=-0.29, 95% CI (-1.13, 0.55), P=0.50], high-intensity interval training [SMD=0.04, 95% CI (-0.44, 0.53), P=0.86], and balance training [SMD=0.45, 95% CI (-0.37, 1.26), P=0.28] did not reach statistical significance. Inter-study heterogeneity was relatively high, potentially attributable to differences in intervention types, training duration, or measurement indicators. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results, and funnel plot analysis suggested a low risk of publication bias.  
CONCLUSION: Exercise interventions can effectively enhance cortical excitability and motor performance in healthy populations, with strength training demonstrating particularly pronounced effects. Future research should delve deeper into the mechanisms of different training types, optimize training protocol designs to further improve neuroplasticity and motor performance outcomes.  

Key words: cortical excitability, motor performance, exercise intervention, transcranial magnetic stimulation, meta-analysis, strength training

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