中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (28): 7316-7322.doi: 10.12307/2026.785

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

鱼类牙齿的演化、发育和分子调控

王烁然1,黄  睿1,董凌月2,安  威2,黄晓峰1   

  1. 1首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院口腔科,北京市  100050;2首都医科大学基础医学院细胞生物学系,北京市  100069
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 修回日期:2025-11-16 出版日期:2026-10-08 发布日期:2026-02-11
  • 通讯作者: 黄晓峰,博士,主任医师,教授,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院口腔科,北京市 100050
  • 作者简介:王烁然,女,2003年生,北京市人,汉族,首都医科大学在读博士。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金(面上项目,7252026),项目负责人:黄晓峰;国家自然科学基金(面上项目,82071141),
    项目负责人:黄晓峰

Evolution, development and molecular regulation of fish tooth

Wang Shuoran1, Huang Rui1, Dong Lingyue2, An Wei2, Huang Xiaofeng1   

  1. 1Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; 2Department of Cell Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Revised:2025-11-16 Online:2026-10-08 Published:2026-02-11
  • Contact: Huang Xiaofeng, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • About author:Wang Shuoran, Doctoral candidate, Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
  • Supported by:
    Beijing Natural Science Foundation (General Program), No. 7252026 (to HXF); National Natural Science Foundation of  China (General Program), No. 82071141 (to HXF)

摘要:



文题释义:
牙齿起源由内向外理论:认为鱼类牙齿起源于内胚层咽腔内部,通过颌骨演化迁移至口腔,核心证据为牙形动物的咽部“牙形刺”,其显微结构与现存物种的牙齿相似,提示起源的同源性,争议在于牙形刺与现存脊柱动物牙齿可能为趋同演化且化石证据不足。
牙齿起源由外向内理论:主张鱼类牙齿由外胚层体表鳞片演化而来,通过鳃裂等通道内化形成口腔齿列,关键证据包括鲨鱼鳞片与牙齿的发育同源性及基因表达模式。由外向内的修正假说强调外胚层成牙组织与内胚层间充质的协同作用,但化石直接证据仍有限。

背景:鱼类牙齿演化与发育研究是理解脊椎动物与人类牙齿的切入点。近年来,分子发育生物学技术的进步为揭示牙齿与鳞片的发育同源性及信号通路的作用提供了新视角,但不同物种的比较和演化机制整合仍需深化。
目的:综述鱼类牙齿的演化起源、形态差异及分子调控机制,对比不同假说的核心观点与局限性。
方法:通过PubMed数据库和中国知网,以“fish teeth,tooth development,evolution of teeth,molecular regulation of teeth”为英文检索词,“鱼类牙齿,牙齿发育,牙齿演化,牙齿分子调控”为中文检索词,系统检索1970-2025年的相关文献,依据纳入标准,最终纳入77篇文献综合分析研究进展。
结果与结论:分子发育证据支持“由外向内”修正假说,证实外胚层鳞片与内胚层间充质协同演化形成牙齿。鱼类牙本质划分为正齿型、骨齿型、假骨齿型及血管齿质4类。软骨鱼的类釉质依赖成牙本质细胞分泌管状囊泡启动矿化,而硬骨鱼类通过胶原纤维定向引导晶体生长,表明釉质矿化从囊泡主导向胶原模板的演化过渡。音猬因子信号在软骨鱼类中精确调控齿列再生位点,而斑马鱼咽齿依赖视黄酸信号时空特异性激活,证实核心通路(成纤维细胞生长因子、音猬因子、Wnt)的功能保守,但调控机制受到自然选择驱动,产生物种适应性演化。

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9486-9964(王烁然)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 鱼类牙齿, 牙齿演化, 牙齿发育, 分子调控, 牙本质, 牙齿替换

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Fish tooth serves as a pivotal model for depicting evolution and development of vertebrate and human tooth. Recent advancements in molecular developmental biology have provided new insights in the developmental homology between the teeth and scales of fish, as well as the signaling pathways involved. However, comparative studies across species and integration of evolutionary mechanisms require further exploration.
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the evolutionary origins, morphological diversification, and molecular regulatory mechanisms of fish dentition, while critically comparing core propositions and limitations of existing hypotheses.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases with search terms “fish teeth, teeth development, evolution of teeth, molecular regulation of teeth” in both English and Chinese. Articles published between 1970 and 2025 were screened. According to the inclusion criteria, 77 articles were ultimately included for comprehensive analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Molecular evidence supports the revised hypothesis of “outside-in,” demonstrating co-evolution of ectodermal scales and endodermal mesenchyme in dental formation. Fish dentin is classified into four distinct types, which are orthodontin, osteodentin, pseudoosteodentin, and vasodentin. Chondrichthyan enameloid mineralization initiates through tubular vesicles secreted by odontoblasts, whereas teleosts employ collagen fiber-guided crystal growth, indicating an evolutionary transition from vesicle-dominated to collagen-templated mineralization mechanisms. Sonic hedgehog signaling precisely regulates dental row regeneration in cartilaginous fish, while zebrafish pharyngeal dentition relies on spatiotemporal activation of retinoic acid signaling. Core pathways (fibroblast growth factor, Sonic hedgehog, and Wnt)) maintain functional conservation, yet their regulatory elements exhibit adaptive evolution through natural selection pressures.


Key words: fish tooth, tooth evolution, tooth development, molecular regulation, dentin, tooth replacement

中图分类号: