中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (15): 3862-3870.doi: 10.12307/2026.156

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

个性化3D打印导板引导下胸腰椎手术皮质骨轨迹螺钉置入准确性

朱  寅,王黎明,沙卫平,宋锦程,林小龙,曹  泽,盛晓磊   

  1. 苏州大学附属张家港医院(张家港市第一人民医院)骨科,江苏省张家港市   215600
  • 接受日期:2025-05-20 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2025-11-06
  • 通讯作者: 盛晓磊,副主任医师,苏州大学附属张家港医院(张家港市第一人民医院)骨科,江苏省张家港市 215600
  • 作者简介:朱寅,男,1987年生,江苏省张家港市人,硕士,副主任医师,讲师,主要从事脊柱外科、创伤骨科的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    张家港市科学技术局医疗卫生科技创新指导性项目(ZKYL2243),项目负责人:朱寅;苏州市科技发展计划项目(SKYD2023052),项目负责人:朱寅;张家港市第一人民医院临床研究攀登计划项目(ZJGSYY003),项目负责人:朱寅

Accuracy of personalized 3D printed guide plate guided cortical bone trajectory screw placement during thoracolumbar spine surgery

Zhu Yin, Wang Liming, Sha Weiping, Song Jincheng, Lin Xiaolong, Cao Ze, Sheng Xiaolei   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University (Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital), Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu Province, China 
  • Accepted:2025-05-20 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2025-11-06
  • Contact: Sheng Xiaolei, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University (Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital), Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Zhu Yin, MS, Associate chief physician, Lecturer, Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University (Zhangjiagang First People’s Hospital), Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Medical and Health Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Zhangjiagang City Science and Technology Bureau, No. ZKYL2243 (to ZY); Suzhou Science and Technology Development Program, No. SKYD2023052 (to ZY); Clinical Research Climbing Program of Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, No. ZJGSYY003 (to ZY)

摘要:

文题释义:

个性化3D打印导板:运用医学数字化技术、3D打印技术及逆向工程软件设计和制造出可准确置钉的个体化导航模板,用于术中准确定位,辅助术中精确建立孔道、截面、空间距离、相互成角关系及其他复杂空间结构等,已被广泛应用于个体化的外科治疗。
皮质骨轨迹螺钉内固定:是一种新的胸腰椎置钉技术,置钉方向以头倾、外展角度置入,穿过3层皮质骨结构,增加了螺钉与皮质骨接触面积,有利于保持螺钉-骨的稳定性,受骨质疏松的影响较小,同时进钉点更靠近胸腰椎中线且螺钉轨迹远离椎管,具有椎旁肌剥离少、上关节突侵犯风险小、创伤小、术后发生感染机会少等优势。

摘要
背景:与传统椎弓根螺钉相比,皮质骨轨迹螺钉通道全程均为皮质骨,具有更牢靠的生物力学优势,然而安全、准确地置入皮质骨轨迹螺钉对脊柱外科医师技术要求较高。理论上在3D 打印个性化导板引导下能有效提高一次性置钉的准确度、简化置钉操作、提高手术效率,但目前国内外相关报道较少。
目的:探讨应用个性化3D打印导板辅助皮质骨轨迹螺钉置入治疗合并骨质疏松胸腰椎骨折的准确性与安全性。
方法:选择2020年1月至2024年1月行皮质骨轨迹螺钉内固定的58例合并骨质疏松的胸腰椎(T11-L4)骨折患者,共置入348枚螺钉。根据置钉方案分为2组,3D导板组30例行个性化3D打印导板辅助置钉,共置入螺钉180枚;对照组28例行徒手方式置钉,共计置入螺钉168枚。通过比较两组间手术相关指标、置钉情况、伤椎的复位与脊柱后凸畸形矫正情况以及术后疗效等,评估不同置钉方案的效果和适用性。
结果与结论:①3D导板组在切口长度、手术时间、置钉时间、术中透视次数、术中出血量、术后引流量以及住院天数方面均显著优于对照组(P < 0.05),但是两组的总费用相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②3D导板组的置钉准确率高于对照组,螺钉对上关节突的侵犯率低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③术后评估结果显示,两组在伤椎前缘高度百分比、Cobb角、目测类比评分以及Oswestry功能障碍指数方面均较术前有所改善,且差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);组间相比,3D导板组的Oswestry功能障碍指数更低,显示出更佳的胸腰椎功能(P < 0.05),而在术后伤椎前缘高度百分比、Cobb角及目测类比评分方面,两组之间无显著性差异(P > 0.05);④在围术期及随访期间,两组患者均未出现并发症;⑤提示个性化3D打印导板辅助皮质骨轨迹螺钉置入治疗合并骨质疏松的胸腰椎骨折是一种可行的方式,具有微创、高效、精准及安全等优势,可获得满意的临床效果。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 胸腰椎骨折, 骨质疏松, 皮质骨轨迹螺钉, 内固定, 3D打印导板, 置钉准确性

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional pedicle screws, cortical bone trajectory screw provides a more secure fixation by running entirely through cortical bone. However, precise and safe implantation of cortical bone trajectory screws requires high technical expertise from spine surgeons. Theoretically, the use of personalized guides produced with 3D printing technology can potentially enhance accuracy, streamline the procedure, and enhance surgical efficiency, but there is limited scholarly literature available on this topic.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy and safety of utilizing personalized 3D printed guide plates to assist in the placement of cortical bone trajectory screws in thoracolumbar fractures complicated with osteoporosis.
METHODS: A total of 58 patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures (T11-L4) complicated with osteoporosis who underwent internal fixation using cortical bone trajectory screws between January 2020 and January 2024 were selected for this study. In total, 348 screws were analyzed, and the patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach. The 3D guide group consisted of 30 patients who received personalized 3D printing-assisted screw placement, accounting for 180 screws. The control group comprised 28 patients, in which a total of 168 screws were placed manually. The effectiveness and applicability of the different surgical methods were evaluated by comparing operative indicators, the accuracy of screw placement, the reduction of injured vertebrae, the correction of kyphotic deformity, and postoperative outcomes between the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The 3D guide group demonstrated significant improvements over the control group across several operation-related metrics, including incision length, operation time, screw placement time, fluoroscopy times, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and length of hospitalization (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the total cost between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) The accuracy of screw placement was higher in the 3D guide group, with a significantly lower invasion rate of screws to the upper articular process compared with the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Postoperative evaluations revealed that the anterior vertebral height, Cobb angle, visual analog scale score, and Oswestry disability index improved for both groups relative to pre-surgery measurements, with these differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the other groups, the 3D guide group had a lower Oswestry disability index, indicating superior thoracolumbar function (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups regarding postoperative anterior vertebral height, Cobb angle, and visual analog scale scores (P > 0.05). (4) Throughout the perioperative and follow-up periods, no complications were reported in either group. (5) It is indicated that the use of a personalized 3D printed guide plate for assisting in the placement of cortical bone trajectory screws in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with osteoporosis is feasible approach, offering advantages such as minimal invasiveness, efficiency, accuracy, safety, and satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Key words: thoracolumbar vertebral fractures, osteoporosis, cortical bone trajectory screw, internal fixation, 3D printed guide plate, screw placement accuracy

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